Immunobiology of Proteins and Peptides VI: Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Antibody Immunoconjugates, Bacterial Vaccines, and Immunomodulators

297 Pages·1992·8.98 MB·English

by  Timothy Gregory

IMMUNOBIOLOGY
OF PROTEINS
AND PEPTIDES VI
Human Immunodeficiency Virus,
Antibody Immunoconjugates,
Bacterial Vaccines, and Immunomodulators
ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
Editorial Board:
NATHAN BACK, State University of New York at Buffalo
IRUN R. COHEN, The Weizmann Institute of Science
DAVID KRITCHEVSKY, Wistar Institute
ABEL LAJTHA, N.S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research
RODOLFO PAOLETTI, University of Milan
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IMMUNOBIOLOGY
OF PROTEINS
AND PEPTIDES VI
Human Immunodeficiency Virus,
Antibody Immunocon jugates,
Bacterial Vaccines, and Immunomodulators
Edited by
M. Zouhair Atassi
Baylor College of Medicine
Houston, Texas
PLENUM PRESS. NEW YORK AND LONDON
Library of Congress Cataloglng-ln-Publlcatlon Data
International Symposium on the Immunblology of ProteIns and Peptldes
(6th, 1990 , Scottsdale. Ariz.)
I.munoblology of proteIns and peptides VI , human ImmunodefIcIency
virus. antIbody Immunoconjugates. bacterIal vaccInes. and
Immunomodulators / edited by M. Zouhair Atassi.
p. CD. -- (Advances In experl.ental medicine and biology v.
SOS)
"Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on the
I •• unobiology of Proteins and Peptldes. held October 26-S0. 1990. in
Scottsdale. Arlzona"--T.p. verso.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
,. AIDS <Oisease)--I!Imunological aspects--Ccngresses. 2. HIV
(Vlruses)--Congresses. S. HIV antlbodles--Congresses. 4. Antibody
-drug conjugates--Congresse. 5. Bacterial vacclnes--Congresses.
6. Radlolmmunotherapy--Congresses. I. Atassl. M. Z. II. Title.
III. Series.
[DNLM, 1. Adjuvants. I.Nunologlc--congresses. 2. Antibodies.
Monoclonal--I •• unology--congresses. S. BacterIal Vacclnes
-Immunology--congresses. 4. HIV--i.munology--congresses. WI AD559
v. SOS / OW 166 161Si 1990]
OR201.AS7I57 1990
616.97·92079--dc20
DNLM
for Library of Congress 91-S18S7
CIP
Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on the
Immunobiology of Proteins and Peptides,
held October 26-30, 1990,
in Scottsdale, Arizona
ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-6002-5 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-6000-1
DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4684-6000-1
© 1991 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1991
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL OF THE SYMPOSIUM
M.Z. Atassi, President
Howard L. Bachrach
Eli Benjamini
Alec Sehon
Garvin Bixler, Meeting Secretary
Nickolas Calvanico, General Secretary
SESSION ORGANIZERS
Steven Gillis
Thomas Matthews
Peter Paradiso
Ellen S. Vitetta
MAJOR SPONSORS OF THE SYMPOSIUM
Praxis Biologics
United States Army Medical Research and Development Command
The following organizations also contributed to the Symposium:
Connaught Laboratories
Bristol-Myers Squibb
Sandoz Pharmaceuticals
Fisher Scientific
"
PREFACE
The articles in this volume represent papers delivered by invited speakers at the 6th
International Symposium on the Immunobiology of Proteins and Peptides. In addition, a
few of the abstracts submitted by participants were scheduled for minisymposia and some
of the authors, whose presentations were judged by the Scientific Council to be of high
quality, were invited to submit papers for publication in this volume.
This symposium was established in 1976 for the purpose of bringing together, once
every two or three years, active investigators in the forefront of contemporary immunology,
to present their findings and discuss t heir significance in the light of current concepts and
to identify important new directions of investigation. The founding of the symposium was
stimulated by the achievement of major breakthroughs in the understanding of the immune
recognition of proteins and peptides. We believed that these breakthroughs will lead to
the creation of a new generation of peptide reagents which should have enormous potential
in biological, therapeutic and basic applications. This anticipated explosion has in fact
since occurred and many applications of these pep tides are now being realized.
The sixth symposium was devoted to four major areas: Human immuno
deficiency virus, antibody immunoconjugates, bacterial vaccines and immuno
modulators. In this volume, many important papers will deal with various aspects of
structure and biology of HIV and SIV, the expression and regulation of their genes and the
immunology of their envelope proteins. Antibody immunoconjugates have become an
important tool for specific targeting of drugs and radioisotopes in chemotherapy and
radio immunotherapy of certain malignancies. Papers by several leading investigators deal
here with recent advances in this important field. Manipulation of the immune system by
immunodulators, or by other strategies, is perhaps one of the most promising applications
of the advances in immunology to disease therapy. Many important papers deal with
designs and applications of vaccines against selected bacterial agents. To achieve an
intelligent effective design of a vaccine, it is crucial to know details of the humoral and
cellular immune responses against the infectious organism. How to maximize a required
antibody or T-cell response or to reduce its magnitude is often desired in the design of an
immunological defense strategy. What is the best means of delivery? How can tolerance
be achieved in certain cases? These and other important questions that need to be
appreciated in the design of vaccines are discussed in this volume.
Finally, I should like to express, on behalf of the organization, our gratitude to our
sponsors whose generous support made this conference possible.
M. Zouhair Atassi
vii
CONTENTS
Suucture and Function in Recombinant HIV- 1 gp 120 and Speculation
about the Disulfide Bonding in the gp120 Homologs of
HIV-2andSIV................................................ 1
Timothy Gregory, James Hoxie, Colin Watanabe, and
Michael Spellman
The Lentivirus Regulatory Proteins REV and REX Are Site Specific
RNA Binding Proteins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
G. King Farrington, Paul Lynch, Amy Jensen, Ernst Bohnlein,
Reed Doten, Theodore Maione, Thomas Daly, and
James Rusche
HIV- 1 Neutralizing Antibody and Approaches to the Envelope
Diversity Problem ............................................. 23
Thomas J. Matthews, Alphonse J. Langlois, Stephano Butto,
Dani Bolognesi, and Kashi Javaherian
Molecular Mechanisms in the Pathogenesis of AIDS-Associated
Kaposi's Sarcoma ............................................. 27
Barbara Ensoli, Giovanni Barillari, Luigi Buonaguro, and
Robert C. Gallo
Suucture-Function Analysis of the HIV Glycoprotein 39
John W. Dubay, Hae-ja Shin, Jian-yun Dong, Susan Roberts,
and Eric Hunter
Maternal Antibody Epitope Mapping in Mother-to-Child
Transmission of HIV ........................................... 47
Paolo Rossi, Viviana Moschese, Anita de Rossi, Britta Wahren,
Marianne Jansson, Valter Lombardi, and Hans Wigzell
ix
Immunogenicity of Synthetic Peptides Corresponding to Various
Epitopes of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Envelope Protein .............................................. S3
Habib Zaghouani, Brenda Hall, Himanshu Shah,
and Constantin Bona
Common Sequence in HIV -I GP41 and HLA Class II Beta
Chains Can Generate Crossreactive Autoantibodies
with Immunosuppressive Potential Early in the Course
mv
of -1 Infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Robert Blackburn, Mario Clerici, Dean Mann, Daniel R. Lucey,
James Goedert, Basil Golding, Gene M. Shearer,
and Hana Golding
Isolation and Characterization of the Neutralizable Epitope of Simian
Retrovirus-l (SRV-I) and of the Cell Receptor for the Virus. . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Eli Benjamini, Jose V. Torres, Linda L. Werner, and Arthur Malley
Complexes and Conjugates of cis-Pt for Immunotargeted Chemotherapy 79
Ruth Arnon, Bilha Schechter, and Meir Wilchek
Radiolabeled Antibody Therapy of Human B Cell Lymphomas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Oliver W. Press, Janet F. Eary, Christopher C. Badger, Paul J. Martin,
Frederick R. Appelbaum, Wil B. Nelp, Ron Levy, Richard Miller,
Darrell Fisher, Dana Matthews, and Irwin D. Bernstein
Activation ofProdrugs by Antibody-Enzyme Conjugates. . . .. . .. ... . ..... ... .. . 97
Peter D. Senter, Philip M. Wallace, Hakan P. Svensson, David E. Kerr,
Ingegerd Hellstrom, and Karl Erik Hellstrom
Cancer Imaging and Therapy with Radiolabeled Antibodies .................... 107
David M. Goldenberg
Genetic Approaches to a Vaccine for Pertussis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 119
Luciano Nencioni, Mariagrazia Pizza, Gianfranco Volpini,
Audino Podda, and Rino Rappuoli
Strategies for Type-Specific Glycoconjugate Vaccines of Streptococcus
pneumoniae .................................................. 129
Beth Arndt and Massimo Porro
Immunoprophylaxis of Otitis Media ....................................... 149
G. Scott Giebink
Protection against Streptococcal Pharyngeal Colonization with Vaccines
Composed of M Protein Conserved Regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 159
V.A. Fischetti, D.E. Bessen, O. Schneewind, and D.E. Hruby
Oral Delivery of Antigens in Live Bacterial Vectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 169
Robert N. Brey, Garvin S. Bixler, Jr., James P. Fulginiti,
Deborah A. Dilts, and Marta 1.1. Sabara
Augmentation by Interleukins of the Antibody Response to a Conjugate
Vaccine against Haemophilus in/luenzae B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 185
Garvin S. Bixler, Jr. and Subramonia Pillai
Factors Produced by Stromal Cells Involved in B-Cell Development. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 191
A. Cumano, A. N arendran, and C.J. Paige
Suppressor T Cells Induced in Vivo by Tolerogenic Conjugates of a Given
Antigen and Monomethoxypolyethylene Glycol Downregulate
Antibody Formation Also to a Second Antigen, if the Latter Is
Presented as a Covalent Adduct with the Former ..................... 199
Alec H. Sehon
A Purified Saponin Acts as an Adjuvant for a T -Independent Antigen. . . . . . . . . . . .. 207
A.C. White, P. Cloutier, and R.T. Coughlin
Modified-Live Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus (IBRV) Vaccine
Expressing Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) Capsid
Protein Epitopes on Surface of Hybrid Virus Particles ................. 211
Saul Kit, Malon Kit, Richard DiMarchi, Sheila Little, and Charles Gale
xi
Development of Non-Toxigenic Vaccine Strains of Bordetella
penussis by Gene Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 221
S. Cockle, G. Zealey, S. Loosmore, R. Yacoob, R. Fahim,
Y.-P. Yang, G. Jackson, H. Boux, L. Boux, and M. Klein
Immunogenicity of Lipopolysaccharide Derived from Brucella abortus:
Potential as a Carrier in Development of Vaccines for AIDS ............ 227
J. Goldstein, D. Hernandez, C. Frasch, P.R. Beining, M. Betts,
T. Hoffman, and B. Golding
Antigenic Mapping of Light Chains and T Cell Receptor (3 Chains .............. 235
J.J. Marchalonis, F. Dedeoglu, V.S. Hohman, K. McGee, S.F. Schluter,
and A.B. Edmundson
Epitope Mapping Studies of Snake Venom Phospholipase A2 Using
Monoclonal Antibodies ......................................... 243
Bradley G. Stiles and John L. Middlebrook
Identification of Epitopes of the Receptor Binding Subunit of Cholera
Toxin by Synthetic Peptide and CBIB Approaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 249
Mohammad Kazemi and Richard A. Finkelstein
Autoimmune Recognition Profile of the Alpha Chain of Human
Acetylcholine Receptor in Myasthenia Gravis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 255
Tetsuo Ashizawa, Minako Oshima, Ke-He Ruan, and M. Zouhair Atassi
Paucity of Humoral Response in Patients to Glioma-Associated Antigen(s):
Antigen Location by Immunofluorescence .......................... 263
Duncan K. Fischer, Masafumi Matsuda, Fatma Shaban,
Raj K. Narayan, and M. Zouhair Atassi
Preparation and Characterization of Antisera and of Murine Monoclonal
Antibodies to Human Glioma-Associated Antigen(s) .................. 271
Masafumi Matsuda, Duncan K. Fischer, Raj K. Narayan, and
M. Zouhair Atassi
A Peptide Antibody That Specifically Inhibits Cathepsin L ..................... 285
Clive Dennison and Robert N. Pike
xii