Immune Interferon - Properties and Clinical Applications

298 Pages·2002·2.394 MB·English

by  Roumen Tsanev, Ivan Ivanov

Immune
Interferon
Properties and
Clinical Applications
© 2002 by CRC Press LLC
Pharmacology and Toxicology: Basic and Clinical Aspects
Mannfred A. Hollinger, Series Editor
University of California, Davis
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© 2002 by CRC Press LLC
Pharmacology and Toxicology: Basic and Clinical Aspects
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© 2002 by CRC Press LLC
Immune
Interferon
Properties and
Clinical Applications
Roumen Tsanev
Ivan Ivanov
CRC Press
Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C.
© 2002 by CRC Press LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Tsanev, R. G. (Roumen G.)
Immune interferon : properties and clinical applications / by Roumen Tsanev
and Ivan Ivanov.
p. cm. — (Pharmacology and toxicology)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8493-1148-9 (alk. paper)
1. Interferon—Therapeutic use. I. Ivanov, Ivan. II. Title. III. Pharmacology &
toxicology (Boca Raton, Fla.)
RM666.I58 T73 2001
615′.37—dc21 2001043329
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Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
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© 2002 by CRC Press LLC
Preface
Immune interferon (interferon gamma, IFNγ) was discovered 20 years ago.
The scientific interest in this cytokine has been steadily growing, as demon-
strated by the ever-increasing number of publications reaching a number
over 25,000 during this period (Figure 1).
These studies revealed more properties of IFNγ and opened new avenues
for its clinical use. Apart from being a natural antiviral agent, IFNγ also
turned out to be an important cytokine which plays a pivotal role in the
processes of formation and modulation of the immune response. However,
in spite of the thousands of scientific papers and a number of reviews
concerning the structure, biological activities, and clinical effects of IFNγ, no
monograph that summarizes and critically analyzes the results obtained on
this subject has been published. This is the goal of the present book.
We have attempted to present data on the different properties of IFNγ
and on its role in different pathological processes. The data include experi-
ments involving in vitro cell cultures as well as experiments on animals.
Clinical trials are also presented regardless of whether the effect of IFNγ was
favorable or not. The book is aimed at medical doctors, pharmacists, bio-
chemists and molecular biologists, medical students, and biologists and also
businessmen interested in high biotechnology.
2800
2600
2400
2200
2000
r
e1800
mb1600
u1400
N1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99
Year
Figure 1 Number of publications concerning IFNγ for the corresponding year.
© 2002 by CRC Press LLC
The various diseases discussed here are briefly characterized in relation
to IFNγ. Interferons α and β as well as some other cytokines are often
mentioned, but only as far as their effect as compared to that of IFNγ or their
combination with it is discussed.
Reviews on the properties and application of IFNγ are published every
year. Some of them are listed below arranged by year of publication:
Billiau 1981; De Grado et al 1982; Epstein 1982; Gray and Goeddel 1982;
Adolf 1985; Bottomley and Toy 1985; Dianzani 1985; Fisher and Grant 1985;
Giovanni and Rossi 1985; Joklik 1985; Vilcek et al. 1985b; Kirchner 1986; Revel
and Cheboth 1986; Branca 1987; Pestka and Langer 1987; Stanton et al. 1987;
Gastl and Huber 1988; Langer and Pestka 1988; Mechti et al. 1988; Schiller
and Borden 1988; Borecky 1989; Foon 1989; Romeo et al. 1989; Strander 1989;
Gresser 1990; Young and Hardy 1990; Baron et al. 1991; Sen and Langyel
1992; Zhang et al. 1992; Aulitzky et al. 1993; Farrar and Schreiber 1993;
Gunther and Otto 1993; Degre 1996; Tannenberger and Hrelia 1996; Johnson
et al. 1998.
The authors acknowledge that FRN Grant No. D1998-1305:6 (Seedan)
partly sponsored the writing of this book.
© 2002 by CRC Press LLC
The Authors
Roumen Gueorguiev Tsanev, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc., is the founder of the
Institute of Molecular Biology, whose Director he was until 1993. He grad-
uated from the Medical Faculty of the University of Sofia in 1947 and ob-
tained training in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Budapest (1954),
in Moscow (1957), and in Paris-Saclay (1963).
Dr. Tsanev started his scientific work as a Research Fellow in the Institute
of Biology in 1947. In 1954 he founded the Biochemical Research Laboratory
that was later transformed into the Institute of Biochemistry (1972) and then
into the Institute of Molecular Biology (1978). He became a Professor in 1964.
Dr. Tsanev has been an Overseas Fellow of Churchill College in Cambridge
(1969 to 1970), was elected as a full member of the Bulgarian Academy of
Sciences (1979), and a member of the London–based Academia Europaea
(1989). He is also a member of several international scientific organizations:
ICRO (International Cell Research Organization at UNESCO), ESGCP
(European Study Group for Cell Proliferation), and a reviewer for ICRETT
(International Cancer Research Technology Transfer program of IUAC). He
has been a member of the advisory boards of the Journal of Theoretical Biology
(1970 to 1980), European Journal of Biochemistry (1972 to 1977), and Cell
Differentiation (1978 to 1983). He has received a state award for mathematical
modeling in biology (1969) and for achievements in biochemistry (1978). At
present, Dr. Tsanev continues his active research in the Institute of Molecular
Biology where he is also a member of the Scientific Counsel of the Institute.
Dr. Tsanev has published 205 scientific papers, mostly in international
journals and books and has presented a number of invited lectures at inter-
national and national meetings. His major scientific interests are the bio-
chemistry of nucleic acids, the molecular organization of chromatin in rela-
tion to cell proliferation and differentiation, and the regulatory role of genetic
networks, including that of cytokines.
Ivan Gueorguiev Ivanov, M.S., Ph.D., D.Sc., is a Professor of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology. He is a head of the Department of Gene Regulations
and Deputy Director of the Institute of Molecular Biology at the Bulgarian
Academy of Sciences and also teaches biochemistry and molecular biology
at the University of Chemical Technology in Sofia. He graduated from the
University of Sofia (M.S. in organic chemistry in 1967) and obtained training
© 2002 by CRC Press LLC
in biochemistry (Ph.D. from the Institute of Biochemistry in Sofia in 1975)
and molecular biology (D.Sc. from the Institute of Molecular Biology in Sofia
in 1989). Dr. Ivanov has obtained postgraduate training at many institutions,
such as the Institute of Biochemistry in Szeged, Hungary (1978), the Institute
of Biochemistry in Prague, Czech Republic (1980), the Institute of Molecular
Biology in Moscow (1982), the Chemistry Department at the University of
New Brunswick in Fredericton, Canada (1984), and the Medical Nobel
Institute at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden (1986). He has
also been a visiting professor at the University of Toronto (Virology Group)
in Toronto, Canada (1990 to 1994). Dr. Ivanov has published in refereed
journals more than 100 papers on gene synthesis and regulation of gene
expression. He is author or co-author of five books (published in Bulgarian)
and 25 patents in the field of recombinant DNA technology. He is a member
of several scientific societies, councils, and boards in Bulgaria and abroad.
© 2002 by CRC Press LLC
Abbreviations
aa — amino acid residues
aFGF — acid fibroblast growth factor
AFP — alfa fetoprotein
ALL — acute lymphatic leukemia
AML — acute myelogenic leukemia
APC — antigen-presenting cells
Ara-C — cytosine arabinoside
AZT — azidothymidine
bFGF — basic fibroblast growth factor
bp — base pair
cdc — cyclin-dependent kinase
CLL — chronic lymphatic leukemia
CML — chronic myelogenic leukemia
CNS — central nervous system
ConA — concavalin A
CSA — cyclosporine A
CSF-G — granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
CSF-GM — granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
CSF-M — macrophage colony-stimulating factor
dsRNA — double-stranded RNA
DTIC — dacarbazine
EGF — epidermal growth factor
G-CSF — see CSF-G
GM-CSF — see CSF-GM
GRO — growth-regulated oncogene
GTP — guanosine triphosphate
GVHD — graft-versus-host-disease
3-HAA — trihydroxyanthranylic acid
HCC — hepatocellular cancer
HIV — human immunodeficiency virus
HLA — human lymphocyte antigen
HPV — human papilloma virus
HS — Herpes simplex
HZ — Herpes zoster
ICAM — intercellular adhesion molecule
ICSBP — interferon consensus sequence binding protein
© 2002 by CRC Press LLC