Table Of ContentThe Urban Book Series
Cathy Yang Liu Editor
Immigrant
Entrepreneurship
in Cities
Global Perspectives
The Urban Book Series
Editorial Board
Fatemeh Farnaz Arefian, University of Newcastle, Singapore, Singapore;
Silk Cities & Bartlett Development Planning Unit, UCL, London, UK
Michael Batty, Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis, UCL, London, UK
Simin Davoudi,Planning&Landscape Department GURU,Newcastle University,
Newcastle, UK
Geoffrey DeVerteuil, School of Planning and Geography, Cardiff University,
Cardiff, UK
Andrew Kirby, New College, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
Karl Kropf, Department of Planning, Headington Campus, Oxford Brookes
University, Oxford, UK
Karen Lucas, Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Marco Maretto, DICATeA, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
University of Parma, Parma, Italy
FabianNeuhaus,FacultyofEnvironmentalDesign,UniversityofCalgary,Calgary,
AB, Canada
Steffen Nijhuis, Architecture and the Built Environment, Delft University of
Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
Vitor Manuel Aráujo de Oliveira , Porto University, Porto, Portugal
ChristopherSilver,CollegeofDesign,UniversityofFlorida,Gainesville,FL,USA
Giuseppe Strappa, Facoltà di Architettura, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome,
Roma, Italy
IgorVojnovic,DepartmentofGeography,MichiganStateUniversity,EastLansing,
MI, USA
Jeremy W. R. Whitehand, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of
Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Claudia Yamu, Department of Spatial Planning and Environment, University of
Groningen, Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
The Urban Book Series is a resource for urban studies and geography research
worldwide.Itprovidesauniqueandinnovativeresourceforthelatestdevelopments
in the field, nurturing a comprehensive and encompassing publication venue for
urban studies, urban geography, planning and regional development.
The series publishes peer-reviewed volumes related to urbanization, sustainabil-
ity, urban environments, sustainable urbanism, governance, globalization, urban
andsustainabledevelopment,spatialandareastudies,urbanmanagement,transport
systems,urbaninfrastructure,urbandynamics,greencitiesandurbanlandscapes.It
also invites research which documents urbanization processes and urban dynamics
on a national, regional and local level, welcoming case studies, as well as
comparative and applied research.
The series will appeal to urbanists, geographers, planners, engineers, architects,
policy makers, and to all of those interested in a wide-ranging overview of
contemporary urban studies and innovations in the field. It accepts monographs,
edited volumes and textbooks.
Now Indexed by Scopus!
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/14773
Cathy Yang Liu
Editor
Immigrant Entrepreneurship
in Cities
Global Perspectives
Photo credit: Liu 2017
123
Editor
CathyYang Liu
AndrewYoung Schoolof Policy Studies
Georgia State University
Atlanta, GA,USA
ISSN 2365-757X ISSN 2365-7588 (electronic)
TheUrban Book Series
ISBN978-3-030-50362-8 ISBN978-3-030-50363-5 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50363-5
©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2021
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Acknowledgements
Iwouldliketotakethisopportunitytoacknowledgethecontributorsfortheirbelief
inthisbookproject,theimportanceofthetopic,andtheireffortsintheirrespective
chapters that bring the world into one book.
I attribute the idea of this book—the study of urban in the global from a com-
parative perspective—to the various programs and opportunities offered at my
Ph.D. institution (University of Southern California, USC) and current institution
(Georgia State University, GSU). Through USC’s Urban and Global Fellowship
Program and GSU’s Global Partnership for Better Cities Initiative, I was able to
benefit from the lively discussions and collaborative research with scholars and
students on these topics as well as embark on adventures to experience various
global cities. Conferences organized by GSU and its partner institutions that took
place in Atlanta 2016 and 2019, and in Hong Kong 2017, provide platforms for
in-depth dialogue that further reinforced my interest in this area.
IthankJulianaPitanguyandSanjievMathiyazhaganatSpringerforguidingme
through the publishing process. Special thanks go to Lauren Forbes, doctoral stu-
dent of Public Policy at GSU’s Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, for her
excellent assistance in putting this book together.
v
Contents
1 Introduction: Immigrant Entrepreneurship Research
from a Comparative Perspective. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Cathy Yang Liu
Part I Theories, Patterns, and Contexts of Reception of Immigrant
Entrepreneurship
2 Migrant Entrepreneurship and Urban Development
in Global Cities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Lauren W. Forbes and Cathy Yang Liu
3 Immigrant Entrepreneurship in Sydney: Australia’s Leading
Global City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Jock Collins
4 Immigrant Entrepreneurship in Hong Kong. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Biyang Sun and Eric Fong
5 Comparative Notes on the Context of Reception and Immigrant
Entrepreneurship in New York City, Washington, DC, El Paso,
Barcelona, and Paris. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Ernesto Castañeda
Part II Changing Spaces, Business Clustering, and Placemaking
of Immigrant Entrepreneurship
6 De-Bunking Myths? International Migrants, Entrepreneurship
and the Informal Sector in Gauteng, South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Sally Ann Peberdy
7 Migrant Entrepreneurs in Industry Cluster Formation
and Innovation: The Case of Semarang, Central Java,
Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Holi Bina Wijaya, Iwan Rudiarto, and Herlina Kurniawati
vii
viii Contents
8 BusinessConnectionsofMigrantEntrepreneurs:FindingaNiche
in the Diverse City of Amsterdam. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Juan Francisco Alvarado Valenzuela
9 The Impact of Immigrant Entrepreneurship on City Building:
Learning from Toronto. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Zhixi Cecilia Zhuang
Part III Global Networks, Local Connections, and Policies
of Immigrant Entrepreneurship
10 “Flushing—TheBigger,BetterandDownrightSexierChinatown
of New York”: Transnational Growth Coalitions and Immigrant
Economies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Tarry Hum
11 Grassroots Globalization in the Twenty-First Century’s First 15
Years: New Immigrant Communities in the Political Economy
of Asia and Africa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
James H. Spencer
12 Revitalizing Urban America Through the EB-5 Immigrant
Investor Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Edward S. Smith
Editor and Contributors
About the Editor
Dr.CathyYangLiu isProfessorandChairofthePublicManagementandPolicy
Department at the Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State
University, where she directs and teaches in the Planning and Economic
Development Concentration. She conducts research and publishes widely in the
areasofcommunityandeconomicdevelopment,urbanlabormarketandinequality,
migration and entrepreneurship, as well as international urban development.
Dr. Liu currently serves as a managing editor for Journal of Urban Affairs and
anassociateeditorforEconomicDevelopmentQuarterly.ShereceivedherPh.D.in
Urban Planning from the University of Southern California and Master of Public
Policy from the University of Chicago.
Contributors
Juan Francisco Alvarado Valenzuela Amsterdam University of Applied
Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
ErnestoCastañeda DepartmentofSociology,AmericanUniversity,Washington,
DC, USA
Jock Collins Business School, University Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW,
Australia
Eric Fong Department of Sociology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam
Road, Hong Kong
Lauren W. Forbes Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State
University, Atlanta, GA, USA
ix
x EditorandContributors
Tarry Hum Department of Urban Studies, Queens College, CUNY, New York,
NY, USA
Herlina Kurniawati Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Diponegoro
University, Semarang, Indonesia
Cathy Yang Liu Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State
University, Atlanta, GA, USA
Sally Ann Peberdy Independent Researcher and Writer, Dwyran, Isle of
Anglesey, United Kingdom;
Independent Researcher and Writer, Johannesburg, South Africa;
TheAnnexe,Hendy,Dwyran,Llanfairpwllgwyngyll,IsleofAnglesey,Wales,UK
Iwan Rudiarto Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Diponegoro
University, Semarang, Indonesia
Edward S. Smith Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State
University, Atlanta, GA, USA
James H. Spencer Department of City Planning and Real Estate Development,
Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
Biyang Sun Department of Sociology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong,
Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
Holi Bina Wijaya Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Diponegoro
University, Semarang, Indonesia
Zhixi Cecilia Zhuang School of Urban and Regional Planning, Ryerson
University, Toronto, ON, Canada
