Immature Stages and Adult Female of the Lampyrine Species, Lucidina okadai NAKANE et OHBAYASHI, 1949 (Coleoptera, Lampyridae, Lampyrinae) from Gifu, Central Honshu, Japan

2004·10.5 MB·

by  Kawashima, I

E/、・Ira,Tok、o,32(1):153-170.May31,2004
ImmatureStagesandAdultFemaleoftheLampyrineSpecies,
LucldlnaokadaiNAK_ANEet OHBAYASHI,1949
(Coleoptera,Lampyridae,Lampyrinae)
fromGifu,CentralHonshu,Japan
Itsur0 KAWASHIMA
Nagasawal-50-9.Yokosuka.Kanagawa239-0842Japan
and
Yasushi TAKAI
Miyamura363-1,0hno-gun,Gifu,509-3501Japan
Abstract Thefirstandlastinstarlarvae,pupaandadult femaleofthelampyrine
species,Lllcidln(1okada1N^KANEetOllBAYAs1l1,l949, fromGifuPrefecture,centralHon-
shu,Japanaredescribedandillustratedforthefirsttime.Itisconfirmedthatboththeely-
traandhindwingsoftheadultfemalearcshortenedandreduced.Itisalsoprovedbeyond
doubtthattheunidentifiedfireflyofthegenusLucldinareportedbyY^NAGIHAR^(1923a
b)belongstothisspecies.
Introduction
Inthesummerof 1923,twoaccountsofa fireflyspeciesweregivenby YANAcl-
HARA(1923a,b).Itwasonlynamed“Kobane-botaru'' inJapanese, withnoLatinspe-
cificname. ThisJapanesenamemeansa“short-winged firefly” ora“small-winged
firefly” inEnglish, doubtlessderived fromtheshort wings inadult female. Unfortu-
nately,however, thetwosimplereportsarepromptlyconsideredbyprominent firefly
researchersofthosedaystobepreliminaryaccountsof“merelydeformedindividuals
of Lucidina biplaglata MoTscHULsKY” (0KADA, 1931) or “only individuals which
failedinemergenceto theadultofL biplagiata” (KANDA,1934,1935),andthetruth
hasbeenveiledtillnow.
NAKANE(1983),thefirstauthoroftheoriginaldescriptionofthelampyrinefirefly,
LuctdinaokadaINAKANEetOHBAYAsHI,1949, gaveabriefcomment that“YANAGI-
HARA's Kobane-botarumight bethesameasL.okada1''Afteradetailedinvestigation
ofahabitat of “Kobane-botau” newly discovered in Gifu Prefecture, 0HBA et al.
(1996)surmisedthat“YANAGIHARAs' Kobane-botaru” istrulythefemaleindividualsof
L.okadai.
Atlast,breedingthelarvaecollectedfromtheknownhabitatinGifuPrefecturein
154 ItSu「0KA、VASHIMAandYasushiTAKAl
2003,wehavesucceededinobtainingadultfemalesofL.okadai,longunsolvedprob_
1emSinceYANAGIHARAs' time,andthetruthofhisreportswasconfirmeda量orabout
eighty years.
Inthispaper, thelarvalandpupalstagesofL.okadaiobtainedinabreeding
processwillbereportedforthefirsttime.
MaterialsandMethods
Thematerialsexaminedinthepresentstudyaredescribedundertheheadingof
“Materialsexamined” followingthetitlesofrespectivestages.Fordissection,headin-
cludingantennaeandmouthparts,legs, femalegenitalia,etc.,wereremovedfromthe
body,mountedonslideglasseswithglycerolorCanadabalsam,observedthroughop-
ticalmicroscope(0L;YMPUSCH-2,max magnification x1,000)andsketchedwith
theaidofanattacheddrawingtube. The other external characterswereobserved and
sketchedwithastereoscopicmicroscope (OLYMPUS SZH10, max magnification
X140)equippedwithadrawingtube. Theabbreviationsusedhereinareas follows:
BL-lengthofbody, fromanteriormarginof fronstohindmarginof8thabdominal
tergite; HW-maximum width of hea acrosseyes;PL-lengthofpronotum,along
mid-line; PW-maximumwidthofpronotum;EL-lengthofelytra;EW-maximum
widthofleftelytron,mainlybasalpart;EHW-humera1widthofelytra;HTL-1ength
ofhindtibiae: IK- I. KAwAsHIMA.
Descriptions
First Instar Larva
(Figs 2-3,6,8,10,12)
Materials e)camined. 25 larvae, from Gifu-shi, Gifu Pref., central Honshu,
V-2003 (eggscollected fromemerged femaleinvit1-o),VI-2003 (hatched),bredby
IK.
Coloration. Wholebodyincludingappendageslesspigmented.
Headcapsuledarkbrowninanteriorhalfofdorsalside,grayishbrownonventral
side,clearlypaler thandorsum;posteriorhalfmilkywhiteonbothdorsumandventer;
lateralocelliblack;antennaealmostmilkywhiteexcept fordistalflagellum; age11um
tingedwith paleyellowishbrown; mandibles yellowish brown; almost all theother
mouthpartspaleyellowishbrown.Pro-,meso-andmetanotamoderatelydarkergray
orgrayishbrown,longitudinalmid-linesandapairofkeelsonbothsidesmilkywhite
throughoutthreethoracictergites.Firstto7thabdominal tergitesalsograytograyish
brown;8thand9thonesclearlypaler thanthoseofprecedingthoracesandsevenab-
dominalsegments,yellowishbrown topalebrown; ventralsurfaceofbody including
legsclearlypaler thandorsalside,almostconstantlymilky white,sometimestinged
with palegrayish; onlysterniteof prothorax tingedwithmoderatelydarker, grayish
mmaturcStagesandFemaleof 1lc1(/1'111OA-1(/(ll 155
Fig.1. Last instarlarvaof Ltlcldina o、/'cilia1NAKANI1ct
OllBAYAsH1, 1949: habitus, dorsal vie、v. Scale:
1.0mm.
156 Itsur0 K^WASHIMAand Yasushi TAKAl
l l
、)l ノ
/
3
Figs. 2-3. FirstinstarlarvaofLiに1d1'Iaokada1NAKANF_etOHBAYAsHl.1949;healidorsalview(2),ven-
tralview(3).Scale:0.5mm
brown;membraneousareanotshowingfreshpinkeveninlivingstate.
E)etc''na1mopho1ogy. Body campodeiform, elongate, almost parallel-sided,
slightly atteneddorso-ventra11y.
Head capsule (Figs 2, 3) prognathous, subquadratewithwidely arcuate and
roundedposteriorpart,moderately flatteneddorso-ventrally,widelyandcompletely
openonventer,onlyretractablewithinprothoraxleavingposteriorhalfwhenalive;an-
teriormarginalmosttransverselystraight,bearingaprocessatthemiddle,withapair
oflongspinesjustinsidebothangles.Epicranialsuturepresentaswellas frontalsu-
turesthatextendtobasesofantennaeasbrownishpigmentedareas.
Labrumandclypeusnot recognized. Lateralocelli (stemmata)(Figs 2. 3) very
smallandroundedlens-like,attachedtothelateralsidesofheadcapsule,justbehind
antennalbases.
Antennae(Fig.12) three-segmented,partiallyretractableintoarticulatingmem-
braneousbase, originating in apico-1atera1areasof headcapsule; scape robust and
widest,clearlyshorterthanpedicel,scatteredwithsetaeondorsalandventralsurfaces;
pedicelcylindrical,thelongest,scatteredwithsetaeandrelativelylongspinesondor-
sal and ventralsurfaces,eachcarryingasemi-globularsensillum,whichisslightly
longer than the lengthofminuteflagellum; age11um veryshort andminute,moder-
ately triangular, eachwithseveral spines andapointed stick-like sensillum at the
apices.
Mandibles (Fig 6)symmetrical,strongly falcate, each with an inner channel
openingsubapicallyonexterioredgejustbeforetheapex;twopairsofretinaculapres-
entonaboutmiddlelengthofmandibles,andwithsixtosevenminuteteethat the
basalsideofretinaculum inthisinstar; innersidesofbasalportionsdenselycovered
ImmatureStagesandFemaleo「Lltc1(11'1t1o、/1(/tif 157
i
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Figs.4-5. LastinstarlarvaofLtl(、ldi,IaokadalNAKANEctOHBA、.、sHl.l949;head,dorsalview(4)
fratview(5).Scale:0.5mm.
withbrush-likesetae;uppersurfacewithasinglerowofmoderatelylongsetaeinme-
dianareas,eachwithaveryshortbutrobustspineonuppersurfaceatdistalthird.
Maxillae (Fig 8) largeand robust; cardomoderatelyelongate, fusiform; stipes
largestandwidest,ventralsurfacescatteredwithsetaeandseveral very longspines;
galeatwo-segmented;apicalsegmentelongateconicalwithpointedapex,whichbears
aminutepointedsensillumat theapex;1aciniacompletelyabsent;maxillary palpus
four-segmented;basalsegmentwidestandlargest,graduallynarrowedtowardssubcon-
ica1distalsegment,whoseapexisdistallyrounded.
Labium(Fig. l0)narrowasawhole;basalmarginofmentumnot recognized,
completely fusedtomembraneousarea,withapairoflongspinesataboutbasalthird;
prementumshortandroundlybilobed,withthesidesarcuateandexpandedexternally;
anteriorportionwithadeepole量inthecenter;distalareawithapairoflongrobust
spines; labialpalpustwo-segmente basal segmentwidebutclearlyshorter thanthe
distal;distalsegmentelongateconicalwithminutelyroundedapex,bearingaglobular
andashortstick-likesensillum on venter.
Pronotumsemicircularormoderatelyelongatedsemicircular,alittlelonger than
themaximumwidth,withapairofverylowandvaguekeelsonbothsidesofmid-line,
sides subpara11e1and/or weakly divergent anteriad; mesonotum transversely trape-
zoidal;sidesarcuateandweaklyconvergentposteriad,withapairofkeelsasinprono-
tum, feeblyincurvedand/oralmostparallel;metanotumtransversely rectangular,with
arcuatesides,andwithapairofkeelscontinuousfrompro-andmesonota,almostpar-
allelandexteriorlycurvedinbasalportions.Coxae(asscIeritesofbodytrunk) very
largeandstout.
158 ItSu「0KAWASHIMAandYasushiTAKAl
6
Figs. 6-7. Larval mandiblesof Ltlcldinaokada1NAKANEet OHBAYAsHl, 1949;dorsal view, first instar
larva(6),lastinstarlarva(7).Scale:0.1mm(6),0.25mm(7).
Legs(Fig.15) four-segmented;allpairssimilar ingeneralshapeandsizetoone
another;trochantersrelatively large,obliquelyattachedtofemora; femoracylindrical,
upperandlowermarginsparallel,eachwithalongspineonventralside,obliquelycut
offatdistalmargin;tibiaesimplebutlongest,clearlytaperedtowardstheapices; tar-
sungulismallwithpointedapices,slightlyincurved,eachwithaminutesetaonventer
nearlyatbases.
Abdomen10-segmented;1stto7thtergitestransverseandsubrectangular,subdi-
videdbythinbutclearsagittal lines,almostthesameingeneralshapeandsizeasone
another,sidesarcuateandwellexpandedlaterally;1st to4th tergitesparallel-sided,
feeblynarrowedtowardsthedistalonefrom5th;8thfeeblylongitudinally,thickbarrel-
shapedor short oval; 9th fairlysmall; 10thveryshortand formedby anarrow ring,
whichbearsfibrouspygopod(holdfastorgan)at theapex,completelycoveredbythe
posterior portionof9th; pleuralareasof1st to8thsubdividedintosubrectangular
upperscleriteswithaspiracleandsmallerandrathernarrowlowerones;pleural folds
in8thto10thalmostcompletelyfusedtosternite,notrecognized;1st to7thsternites
transverseandsubquadratewithroundedposteriorcorners,eachwithtwopairsofro-
bustspines; theexteriorpairsmoderately long,arising fromroundedpostero-1atera1
corners;theinnerpairsshort,arisingfrombothsidesofmiddleline;8thsterniterecog-
nizedonlybythehindmargin,butwithtwopairsofspines;ventersof9thand 10th
bearing twoor threespines, whichnever formatransverserow; postero-latera1por-
tionsof8thpleuralregionswithapairofspottedluminescenceorgans.
Measurement in mm. Body length(fromanteriormarginofpronotumto9thab-
dominalend) ca.150-1.75; HW(maximumwidthofhead capsule) 0.15-0.16;PL
0.19-0.20:PW 0.24.
mmatureStagesandFemaleofLucidi,Iaokacla1 l59
Figs.8-9. Larval maxillaeof Ltlcld111aokada1NAKANEet OHBAYAsHl, 1949; ventral view, first instar
larva(8),lastinstarlarva(9).Scale:0.2mm(8),0.25mm(9).
Last Instar Larva
(Figs.1,4-5,7.9,11.l3-14,16,19)
Mate1・latsexamined. 17larvae,collected fromthesamelocality as for the ist
instarlarvalmaterials,IV-2003,staffofChugai TechnosCo.Ltd. leg.&bredby IK.
Colo,ation. Anteriorhalfofheadcapsuleblackishbrownondorsalside,brown
onventralside,clearlypaler thandorsum;posteriorhalfofheadcapsulemilkywhite
onbothdorsumandventer; lateralocelliblack;antennaealmostmilkywhiteexcept
fordistalflagellum;?age11umtingedwithdarkbrown:scapeandpedicelalmostmilky
whitebutpartlytingedwithdarkbrown;mandiblesreddishbrown;cardo,galeaand
maxillary palpi palebrown;stipesbrownish;mentumandprementum fairly tinged
withdarkbrownish,especiallyinthecentralareas; labial palpi palebrown tomilky
white.Pro-,meso-andmetanotamoderatelydarktoblackishbrown,longitudinalmid-
linesandapairofkeelsonbothsidesmilkywhitethroughoutthreetergitesofthorax.
First to7thabdominal tergitesalsodarktoblackishbrown;8thand9thonesclearly
palerthantheonesoftheprecedingsegments,paleyellowtoyellowishbrown;ventral
surfaceofbody clearly paler thanthedorsalside, almostconstantly palebrown to
brown;spiraclesmilkywhite;legspalebrowntoyellowishbrownfromtrochantersto
tarsunguli;clawsmoderatelytingedwithreddishbrown;membraneousarearemark-
160 Itsuro KAwAsHIMAand Yasushi TAKAl
-0
Figs. 10-11. Larval labiumofL1lcldinc1okada1NAKANEetOHBAYAsHl, 1949; ventral vie、v first instar
larva(10),lastinstarlarva(ll).Scale:0.1mm(10),0.25mm(11).
ablyfreshpinkwhenalive,changingtomilkywhiteafterfixedinethylalcohol.
E)eternal morphology. Body(Fig.1)campodeiform,elongate,almostparallel-
side slightlyflatteneddorso-ventra11y.Numberanddensityofsetaeandspinesclearly
and fairly increasing on the whole body surface including mouth parts and ap-
pendages.Basicstructureofbodyincludingallappendagesessentiallythesameasthat
of1st instarlarvae,maindifferencesfromthelatterasdescribedbelow.
Central process onanteriormargin (nasalarea) ofhead capsuleright triangle,
clearlywiderthanthatof1stinstarlarva(Fig4);alongspinearisingfromventralside
ofheadcapsule,betweenlateralocelliandbasalmarginofantenna,muchlonger than
in1stinstarlarva;spine-likesensillumarisingfromdistaltipofantennalflagellumrel-
ativelyshort(Fig.13);globularsensillumarisingfromdistaltipof age11umrelatively
small(Fig.13);twopairsofretinaculaontheinnermarginofmandibleclearlymore
developed (Fig 7); distal segment ofmaxillary palpus relativelyshort, withmore
roundedapices(Figs 9,14). Apairof longitudinal keelsondorsalsurfaceofpro-,
meso-andmetanotafairlyclearerthanin1stinstar larva.Relativelengthof femorain
alllegslongerandslenderer(Fig.16).
Measurement in mm. Bodysizeof thelast instar larvaindividually variable.
Bodylength(fromanteriormarginofpronotumto9thabdominalend)ca 8.00-12.00;
HW(sameasin1stinstarlarva)0.80-0.85;PL1.00-1.10;PW120-1.25.
Pupa
(Figs.17-18,20)
Materialse)camined. 9pupae, fromthesamelocality as for larval materials,
ImmatureStagesandFemaleo「Ltlc1l11naoklldai
l2
、
:
l
一・
14
Figs. 12-16. Larval leftantenna,apicalportionofrightmaxillaandrighthindlegofLtlcidlnaokadai
NAKANEetOHBAYAsHl,1949;dorsalview(12,13),ventralview(14,15,16).Scale: 0.1mm(12, l3,
14),0.2mm(l5),0.25mm(16).
VI-2003(pupationinvit1-o),bredbyIK.
Coloration(malnlyof freshpupae). Bodycreamywhiteingeneral;disca1area
ofpronotumandabdominal areasometimes individually tingedpinkish (Fig 20);
spiracularareaspigmentedwithblackish.
Agedindividualsgenerallystainedblackish.
External molpho1ogy. Bodystrongly incurvedventrad. Head relativelysmall,
notmuchcoveredbyanteriormarginofpronotum,easilyseenfromanterioranddorsal
sides;eyeareasfairlysmall,notsobulgedlaterad;antennaearisingfromfrontofeyes,
feeblyserratewith11obvioussegments,largely incurvedventradand foldedonboth
sidesofbody,exteriorsideofpro-andmidlegsandelytra,extendingtothelevelof
hindlegsorclearlybeyondthatlevel inmale,andreachingtheleve1ofhindlegsin fe-
male; mandibles small and incurved; maxillary palpus larger, seemingly two-seg-
162 Itsuro KAwAsHIMAand Yasushi TAKA1
17
Figs. 17-I8. FemalepupaofLucldinaokada1NAKANEetOHBAYAsHl,1949;ventralview(16),leftlateral
view(l7).Scale: l.0mm
mented,spindle-shaped; labialpalpusclearlysmaller thanmaxillarypalpus,spindle-
shaped inapicalsegment.Pronotumrelativelysmall,semicircular,almostaslongas
wide,oralittlelongerthanthemaximumwidth;bothmeso-andmetanotamoderately
shorterthanpronotum,subrectangular,carryingwingsheaths(elytraandhindwings)at
sides; apex ofeachwingsheathrounded; pro-andmidlegsfully visible in ventral
view;hindlegs largelycoveredbyhindwingsheaths,onlybasalpartsandtarsibeing
visibleinventral view, butonlycoveredwithdistalhalvesoffemoraandbasalhalves
oftibiaein female.Abdomen10-segmente eachsegmentwider thanlong;sidesal-
mostparallel,convergentposteriadindistaltwoorthreesegments;1sttergitewithout
sharplypointedpostero-latera1corners;postero-1ateralportionsof2ndto9thtergites
bearing moderately pointed and posteriorly directed processes; pleurites probably
fusedwithsternites,notclearlyrecognized;eachsternitefullyvisibleinventralview,
transverserectangular;apairofspotsofluminescentorganspresentinlateralareasof
9thsternite(LinFig.18).
Measurement In mm. Very variablewith individuals,about4.50-5.50 in thedi-
ameterinnaturallycurledposture.
Notes. Thepupahasapairofluminescentorgansinthe9thabdominalsegment
(LinFig.18),whicharefairlystronglyluminescentwhenalive(Fig 20).