Imaging and Spectroscopic Analysis of Living Cells: Live Cell Imaging of Cellular Elements and Functions

543 Pages·2012·17.08 MB·English

by  P.Michael Conn (Eds.)

METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY
Editors-in-Chief
JOHN N. ABELSON MELVIN I. SIMON
AND
Division of Biology
California Institute of Technology
Pasadena, California
Founding Editors
SIDNEY P. COLOWICK NATHAN O. KAPLAN
AND
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C
ONTRIBUTORS
EricAlonas
Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of
TechnologyandEmoryUniversity,Atlanta,Georgia,USA
EnniBertling
NeuroscienceCenter,UniversityofHelsinki,Helsinki,Finland
ManojKumarBhat
National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Pune University Campus,
Ganeshkhind,Pune,India
SameeraBilgrami
DepartmentofPathology,UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,California,USA
PhilippeBirembaut
INSERM, UMRS 903; Universite´ de Reims Champagne Ardenne, and CHU
Reims,HoˆpitalMaisonBlanche,Reims,France
ArnaudBonnomet
INSERM, UMRS 903, and Universite´ de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims,
France
MarioBrameshuber
Biophysics Institute, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr., Linz, and
InstituteofAppliedPhysics,ViennaUniversityofTechnology,WiednerHauptstr.,
Wien,Austria
RolandBrandt
DepartmentofNeurobiology,UniversityofOsnabru¨ck,Osnabru¨ck,Germany
MarekCebecauer
Department of Biophysics, J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry ASCR,
Prague,CzechRepublic
AchilleCittadini
Facolta` di Medicina e Chirurgia “A. Gemelli,” Istituto di Patologia Generale and
Centro di Ricerche Oncologiche “Giovanni XXIII,” Universita` Cattolica del
SacroCuore,Rome,Italy
Je´roˆmeCutrona
INSERM, UMRS 903, and Universite´ de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims,
France
xiii
xiv Contributors
DamienD’Amours
InstituteforResearchinImmunologyandCancer(IRIC),DepartmentofPathology
andCellBiology,Universite´ deMontre´al,Montre´al,Quebec,Canada
JonasDorn
InstituteforResearchinImmunologyandCancer(IRIC),DepartmentofPathology
andCellBiology,Universite´ deMontre´al,Montre´al,Quebec,Canada
RoyEdward
BiostatusLtd,Shepshed,Leicestershire,UnitedKingdom
AnneGauthier-Kemper
DepartmentofNeurobiology,UniversityofOsnabru¨ck,Osnabru¨ck,Germany
SubhasriGhosh
NationalCentreforBiologicalScience,Bangalore,India
DebanjanGoswami1
NationalCentreforBiologicalScience,Bangalore,India
MathiasHafner
Institut fu¨r Medizintechnologie der Universita¨t Heidelberg und Hochschule
Mannheim,Mannheim,Germany
PirtaHotulainen
NeuroscienceCenter,UniversityofHelsinki,Helsinki,Finland
ZhenHuang
Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts,USA
JanaHumpol´ıcˇkova´
Department of Biophysics, J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry ASCR,
Prague,CzechRepublic
AntoineJonquet
INSERM, UMRS 903, and Universite´ de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims,
France
JeenahJung
Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of
TechnologyandEmoryUniversity,Atlanta,Georgia,USA
TomKirchhausen
Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, and Immune Disease
InstituteandPrograminCellularandMolecularMedicineatChildren’sHospital,
Boston,Massachusetts,USA
1 Presentaddress:StanfordUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Stanford,California,USA
Contributors xv
MikkoKoskinen
NeuroscienceCenter,UniversityofHelsinki,Helsinki,Finland
ComertKural
Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, and Immune Disease
InstituteandPrograminCellularandMolecularMedicineatChildren’sHospital,
Boston,Massachusetts,USA
Anne-MarieLadouceur
InstituteforResearchinImmunologyandCancer(IRIC),DepartmentofPathology
andCellBiology,Universite´ deMontre´al,Montre´al,Quebec,Canada
BoyangziLi
Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva
University,Bronx,NewYork,USA
AaronW.Lifland
Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of
TechnologyandEmoryUniversity,Atlanta,Georgia,USA
StephenJ.Lippard
Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts,USA
AmyS.Maddox
InstituteforResearchinImmunologyandCancer(IRIC),DepartmentofPathology
andCellBiology,Universite´ deMontre´al,Montre´al,Quebec,Canada
PaulS.Maddox
InstituteforResearchinImmunologyandCancer(IRIC),DepartmentofPathology
andCellBiology,Universite´ deMontre´al,Montre´al,Quebec,Canada
NancyMarcus-Gueret
DepartmentofBiology,TrinityWesternUniversity,Langley,andDepartmentof
Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British
Columbia,Canada
SatyajitMayor
NationalCentreforBiologicalScience,Bangalore,India
LawrenceW.Miller
DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofIllinoisatChicago,Chicago,Illinois,USA
FeiyanMock
Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva
University,Bronx,NewYork,USA
MarcoMongillo
VenetianInstituteofMolecularMedicine,ViaOrus2,Padua,Italy
xvi Contributors
SusanaR.Neves
DepartmentofPharmacologyandSystemTherapeutics,FriedmanBrainInstitute,
Systems Biology Center of New York, Mount Sinai School of Medicine,
NewYork,NewYork,USA
MayumiNishi
DepartmentofAnatomyandCellBiology,NaraMedicalUniversity,Nara,Japan
WojciechP.Pawlowski
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca,
NewYork,USA
PaulR.Pryor
CentreforImmunologyandInfection,HullYorkMedicalSchoolandDepartment
ofBiology,UniversityofYork,York,UnitedKingdom
HarshaE.Rajapakse
DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofIllinoisatChicago,Chicago,Illinois,USA
LauraRamsay
Department of Biology, Trinity Western University, Langley and Department of
Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British
Columbia,Canada
RajeshRanjan
InstituteforResearchinImmunologyandCancer(IRIC),DepartmentofPathology
andCellBiology,Universite´ deMontre´al,Montre´al,Quebec,Canada
HeryRatsima
InstituteforResearchinImmunologyandCancer(IRIC),DepartmentofPathology
andCellBiology,Universite´ deMontre´al,Montre´al,Quebec,Canada
Hans-Ju¨rgenReyher
Department of Experimental Physics, University of Osnabru¨ck, Osnabru¨ck,
Germany
PetraRohrbach
InstituteofParasitology,McGillUniversity,Quebec,Canada
Jere´mieRossy
CentreforVascularResearch,UniversityofNewSouthWales,Sydney,Australia
Ru¨digerRudolf
Institut fu¨r Toxikologie und Genetik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,
Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz1,Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen,Germany
SuvrajitSaha
NationalCentreforBiologicalScience,Bangalore,India
Contributors xvii
PhilipJ.Santangelo
Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of
TechnologyandEmoryUniversity,Atlanta,Georgia,USA
GerhardJ.Schu¨tz
Biophysics Institute, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr., Linz, and
InstituteofAppliedPhysics,ViennaUniversityofTechnology,WiednerHauptstr.,
Wien,Austria
KristopherL.Schmidt
DepartmentofBiology,TrinityWesternUniversity,Langley,andDepartmentof
Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British
Columbia,Canada
MonikaSchweigel-Ro¨ntgen
ResearchUnitNutritionalPhysiology“OskarKellner,”LeibnizInstituteforFarm
AnimalBiology(FBN),Dummerstorf,Germany
RobinM.Shaw
Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco,
SanFrancisco,California,USA
MoiraJ.Sheehan
NatureSourceGenetics,Ithaca,NewYork,USA
JamesW.Smyth
Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco,
SanFrancisco,California,USA
EveG.Stringham
DepartmentofBiology,TrinityWesternUniversity,Langley,andDepartmentof
Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British
Columbia,Canada
ChristineTerryn
Universite´ deReimsChampagneArdenne,andIFR53,Reims,France
ValentinaTrapani
Facolta` di Medicina e Chirurgia “A. Gemelli,” Istituto di Patologia Generale and
Centro di Ricerche Oncologiche “Giovanni XXIII,” Universita` Cattolica del
SacroCuore,Rome,Italy
MaleppillilVavachanVijayakumar
National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Pune University Campus,
Ganeshkhind,Pune,India
NaokiWatanabe
LaboratoryofSingle-MoleculeCellBiology,TohokuUniversityGraduateSchool
ofLifeSciences,Aoba-ku,Sendai,Miyagi,Japan
xviii Contributors
CarinaWeissmann
DepartmentofNeurobiology,UniversityofOsnabru¨ck,Osnabru¨ck,Germany
WendyC.Wenderski
DepartmentofPharmacologyandSystemTherapeutics,FriedmanBrainInstitute,
Systems Biology Center of New York, Mount Sinai School of Medicine,
NewYork,NewYork,USA
FedericaI.Wolf
Facolta` di Medicina e Chirurgia “A. Gemelli,” Istituto di Patologia Generaleand
Centro di Ricerche Oncologiche “Giovanni XXIII,” Universita` Cattolica del
SacroCuore,Rome,Italy
PengWu
Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva
University,Bronx,NewYork,USA
Jean-MarieZahm
INSERM, UMRS 903; IFR53, and CHU Reims, Hoˆpital Maison Blanche,
Reims,France
ChiaraZurla
Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of
TechnologyandEmoryUniversity,Atlanta,Georgia,USA
P
REFACE
Going back to the dawn of light microscopy, imaging techniques have
provided the opportunity for developing models of cellular function.
Over the past 40 years, the availability of technology for high-resolution
imaging and for evaluation of those images in live cells has extended our
reach and, accordingly, our ability to understand cell function. Given the
largenumberofchoicesinequipmentandapproaches,sortingoutthebest
approach can be challenging, even to seasoned investigators.
The present volumes provide descriptions of methods used to image
living cells, with particular reference to the technical approaches and
reagents needed and approaches to selecting the best techniques. The
authorsexplainhowthesemethodsareabletoprovideimportantbiological
insights in normal and pathological cells.
Authorswereselectedbasedonresearchcontributionsintheareaabout
which they have written and based on their ability to describe their meth-
odological contribution in a clear and reproducible way. They have been
encouragedtomakeuseofgraphics,comparisonstoothermethods,andto
providetricksandapproachesnotrevealedinpriorpublicationsthatmakeit
possible to adapt methods to other systems.
The editor wants to express appreciation to the contributors for
providing their contributions in a timely fashion, to the senior editors for
guidance, and to the staff at Academic Press for helpful input.
P. MICHAEL CONN
xix
M E
ETHODS IN NZYMOLOGY
VOLUMEI.PreparationandAssayofEnzymes
EditedbySIDNEYP.COLOWICKANDNATHANO.KAPLAN
VOLUMEII.PreparationandAssayofEnzymes
EditedbySIDNEYP.COLOWICKANDNATHANO.KAPLAN
VOLUMEIII.PreparationandAssayofSubstrates
EditedbySIDNEYP.COLOWICKANDNATHANO.KAPLAN
VOLUMEIV.SpecialTechniquesfortheEnzymologist
EditedbySIDNEYP.COLOWICKANDNATHANO.KAPLAN
VOLUMEV.PreparationandAssayofEnzymes
EditedbySIDNEYP.COLOWICKANDNATHANO.KAPLAN
VOLUMEVI.PreparationandAssayofEnzymes(Continued)
PreparationandAssayofSubstrates
SpecialTechniques
EditedbySIDNEYP.COLOWICKANDNATHANO.KAPLAN
VOLUMEVII.CumulativeSubjectIndex
EditedbySIDNEYP.COLOWICKANDNATHANO.KAPLAN
VOLUMEVIII.ComplexCarbohydrates
EditedbyELIZABETHF.NEUFELDANDVICTORGINSBURG
VOLUMEIX.CarbohydrateMetabolism
EditedbyWILLISA.WOOD
VOLUMEX.OxidationandPhosphorylation
EditedbyRONALDW.ESTABROOKANDMAYNARDE.PULLMAN
VOLUMEXI.EnzymeStructure
EditedbyC.H.W.HIRS
VOLUMEXII.NucleicAcids(PartsAandB)
EditedbyLAWRENCEGROSSMANANDKIVIEMOLDAVE
VOLUMEXIII.CitricAcidCycle
EditedbyJ.M.LOWENSTEIN
VOLUMEXIV.Lipids
EditedbyJ.M.LOWENSTEIN
VOLUMEXV.SteroidsandTerpenoids
EditedbyRAYMONDB.CLAYTON
xxi