Table Of ContentIMAGE-GUIDED
NEUROSURGERY
http://booksite.elsevier.com/9780128008706
Image-Guided Neurosurgery
Edited by Alexandra J. Golby
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IMAGE-GUIDED
NEUROSURGERY
Edited by
ALEXANDRA J. GOLBY
Associate Professor of Neurosurgery and Radiology Harvard Medical School
Associate Surgeon
Director of Image-guided Neurosurgery
Clinical Co-Director AMIGO
Co-Director Clinical Functional MRI Brigham and
Women's Hospital Department of Neurosurgery
Boston, MA, USA
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DEDICATION
This book is dedicated to my mentor, colleague, and friend Ferenc Jolesz. Ferenc wel-
comed me to Brigham and Women’s Hospital during the height of the world’s first
experiences with intra operative MRI. I was just starting my career and he provided
me a most fertile environment in which to collaborate and develop innovative neuro-
surgical approaches.
Ferenc saw the broadest possible perspective of image guided therapy. Having
trained first as a neurosurgeon and then as neuroradiologist, his soft spot was often in
developing techniques for neurosurgery while taking full advantage of radiological
innovations. This bias made us natural allies, and together we started our journey of
understanding the complexityof the brain and of brain pathologies. Over the years, in
addition to the MRT program and its follow-on, the AMIGO suite, he was power-
fully involved in high intensity focused ultrasound, development of biomarkers for
imaging, robotics for neurosurgery, and functional and structural mapping of the
brain; I discussed nearly every topic represented in this book frequently with Ferenc.
He introduced me personally to many of the authors of the chapters. He wrote the
Foreword whilst recuperating from one of many interventions he had soldiered
through for over two decades, his force undiminished, and as always, directed towards
technical innovation and guiding and mentoring our close-knit team with interests
across the whole spectrum of image guided therapies. Ferenc was a very special leader
who will leave an indelible mark in neurosurgery as well as many other interventional
specialties. This book brings some of that together in one place. I hope that it will
serve as a key reference for many. It would have been Ferenc’s greatest wish to see
these ideas and technologies disseminated throughout the world.
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CONTENTS
Foreword xiii
ListofContributors xix
1. IntroductionandHistoricalPerspectives on Image-Guided Surgery 1
RobertL.Galloway,Jr.
StereotacticFrames 2
AdventofVolumetricTomography 3
ImageGuidance 5
OpticalLocalization 8
Registration 10
BeyondPoints 13
IntraoperativeImaging 15
DeformationCorrection 17
WorkUnderway 17
Dedication 19
References 19
Section I Methods 23
2. Background on Imaging Structural Imaging 25
NathanC.HimesandGeoffreyYoung
Introduction 25
BasicMagneticResonanceImaging 25
CT/DynamicCTA/CTPerfusion 46
SafetyofCTandMRI 49
Conclusion 54
References 54
3. Advanced Functional Imaging: fMRI, PET, and MEG 63
NinaShevzov-Zebrun,NicoleM.PetrovichBrennan,KyungK.Peck,
andAndreiI.Holodny
Introduction 63
PositronEmissionTomography 63
FunctionalMagneticResonanceImaging 71
Magnetoencephalography 82
vii
viii Contents
Conclusion 86
References 86
4. Imaging White MatterAnatomy for Brain TumorSurgery 91
SoniaPujol
Introduction 91
TheoreticalFoundationsofDiffusionMRI 91
DiffusionMRIinPractice:ImageAcquisitionArtifacts 94
DiffusionTensorImaging 96
HighAngularResolutionDiffusionImaging 99
DiffusionMRITractography 100
Conclusion 113
References 114
5. Background onStereotaxis 123
DavidW.Roberts
Introduction 123
LaboratoryWork 123
FirstHumanStereotaxis 129
DevelopmentofComputationalStereotaxyandImageGuidance 133
References 138
6. Role ofComputers and Image Processing inImage-GuidedBrain Tumor
Surgery 143
NabghaFarhat,TinaKapur,andRonKikinis
Introduction 143
Segmentation 146
Tractography 150
Registration 153
Navigation 157
Conclusion 160
References 160
7. Intraoperative Imaging 163
ChristopherNimskyandBarbaraCarl
Introduction:IntraoperativeImagingModalities 163
NavigationandImaging 164
IntraoperativeX-rayFluoroscopyandIntraoperativeAngiography 166
IntraoperativeFluorescenceTechniquesandOthers 167
