Illustrated Dictionary of Immunology, Second Edition

692 Pages·2002·28.74 MB·English

by  Julius M. Cruse

ILLUSTRATED
DICTIONARY of
immunology
Second Edition

ILLUSTRATED
DICTIONARY of
immunology
S e c o n d E d i t i o n
Julius M. Cruse, B.A., B.S., D.Med.Sc., M.D., Ph.D., Dr. h.c.,
F.A.A.M., F.R.S.H., F.R.S.M.
Professor of Pathology
Director of Immunopathology and Transplantation Immunology
Director of Graduate Studies in Pathology
Department of Pathology
Associate Professor of Medicine and Associate Professor of Microbiology
University of Mississippi Medical Center
Investigator of the Wilson Research Foundation
Mississippi Methodist Rehabilitation Center
Jackson, Mississippi
Robert E. Lewis, B.S., M.S., Ph.D., F.R.S.H., F.R.S.M.
Professor of Pathology
Director of Immunopathology and Transplantation Immunology
Department of Pathology
University of Mississippi Medical Center
Investigator of the Wilson Research Foundation
Mississippi Methodist Rehabilitation Center
Jackson, Mississippi
CRC PR ESS
Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Cruse, Julius M., 1937–
Illustrated dictionary of immunology / Julius M. Cruse, Robert E. Lewis.— 2nd ed.
p. ; cm.
ISBN 0-8493-1935-8 (alk. paper)
1. Immunology—Dictionaries. I. Lewis, R. E. (Robert Edwin), 1947– II. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Allergy and Immunology—Dictionary—English. QW 513 C957i 2002]
QR180.4 C78 2002
616.07′9′03—dc21
2002019240
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Dedication
Professor Marcus Eugene Morrison, M.D.
(September 6, 1910–August 10, 2001)
Former Chairman, Department of Bacteriology,
University of Mississippi School of Medicine
Master teacher and visionary who correctly foretold, in the 1940s,
the future renaissance in immunological research and challenged
several generations of students to unravel some of Nature’s
most jealously guarded secrets through scientific investigation.
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Editorial Staff
Smaroula Dilioglou, B.S., M.S. Jean B. Henderson, B.A.
Senior Coordinating Editor Principal Graphics Illustrator
and Compositor
Robert Morrison III, B.S.
Coordinating Editor
Michael Schenk, B.S., M.S.M.I.
Silicon Graphics Molecular Models
Director of Medical Illustration
University of Mississippi Medical Center
Christopher Sylvest, B.S., M.T. (ASCP)
Coordinating Editor
Michael Pang, B.S., M.D.
G. Reid Bishop, B.S., Ph.D. Illustrator
Assistant Professor of Chemistry
Milsaps College
C. Courtney Covington, B.F.A.
Silicon Graphics Molecular Models
Illustrator
and Illustrator
Debra Small, B.S. Ricky Manning, B.A.
Principal Transcriptionist Illustrator
Editorial Assistant
Alice S. Chen, B.A., M.Sc. (Oxon)
Tiffany Robinson
Illustrator
Patrice Jones
Faith Johnson
Haley Long Diane F. Johnson, B.F.A.
Editorial Assistants Illustrator
CRC Press Editorial Staff
Fequiere Vilsaint
Editor
Amy Rodriguez
Project Editor
Pat Roberson
Production Manager
Jonathan Pennell
Art Director
Will Palmer
Prepress Manager
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The Authors
Julius M. Cruse, B.A., B.S., D.Med.Sc., M.D., Ph.D., Dr. h.c., is Professor of Pathology, Director
of Immunopathology and Transplantation Immunology, Director of Graduate Studies in Pathology,
Associate Professor of Medicine, and Associate Professor of Microbiology at the University of
Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson. Formerly, Dr. Cruse was Professor of Immunology and of
Biology in the University of Mississippi Graduate School. Dr. Cruse graduated in 1958 with his
B.A. and B.S. degrees in Chemistry from the University of Mississippi. He was a Fulbright Fellow
at the University of Graz (Austria) Medical Faculty, where he wrote a thesis on Russian tickborne
encephalitis virus and received the D.Med.Sc. degree summa cum laude in 1960. On his return to
the United States, he entered the M.D., Ph.D. program at the University of Tennessee College of
Medicine, Memphis, completing his M.D. degree in 1964 and Ph.D. in Pathology (immunopathology)
in 1966. Dr. Cruse also trained in Pathology at the University of Tennessee Center for the Health
Sciences, Memphis.
Dr. Cruse is a member of numerous professional societies, including the American Association of Immunologists (Historian),
the American Society for Investigative Pathology, the American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics (Member of
Council, 1997–1999; formerly Chairman, Publications Committee [1987–1995]), the Societé Francaise d’Immunologie, the Trans-
plantation Society, and the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, among many others. He is a Fellow of the American
Academy of Microbiology, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Health (U.K.) and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine (London).
He received the Doctor of Divinity, honoris causa, in 1999 from The General Theological Seminary of the Episcopal Church,
New York City.
Dr. Cruse’s research has centered on transplantation and tumor immunology, autoimmunity, MHC genetics in the pathogenesis
of AIDS, and neuroendocrine immune interactions. He has received many research grants during his career and is presently funded
by the Wilson Research Foundation for neuroendocrine–immune system interactions in patients with spinal cord injuries. He is the
author of more than 250 publications in scholarly journals and 38 books and has directed dissertation and thesis research for more
than 40 graduate students during his career. He is editor-in-chief of the international journals Immunologic Research, Experimental
and Molecular Pathology, and Transgenics. He was chief editor of the journal Pathobiology from 1982 to 1998 and was founder
of Immunologic Research, Transgenics, and Pathobiology.
Robert E. Lewis, B.A., M.S., Ph.D., is Professor of Pathology and Director of Immunopathology and
Transplantation Immunology in the Department of Pathology at the University of Mississippi Center in
Jackson. Dr. Lewis received his B.A. and M.S. degrees in Microbiology from the University of Mississippi
and earned his Ph.D. in Pathology (Immunopathology) from the University of Mississippi Medical Center.
Following specialty postdoctoral training at several medical institutions, Dr. Lewis has risen through the
academic ranks from Instructor to Professor at the University of Mississippi Medical Center.
Dr. Lewis is a member of numerous professional societies, including the American Association of
Immunologists, the American Society for Investigative Pathology, the Society for Experimental Biology
and Medicine, the American Society for Microbiology, the Canadian Society for Immunology, and the
American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics (Chairman, Publications Committee),
among numerous others. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Health of Great Britain and a Fellow
of the Royal Society of Medicine (U.K.). Dr. Lewis has been the recipient of a number of research
grants in his career and is currently funded by the Wilson Research Foundation for his research on
neuroendocrine–immune system interaction in patients with spinal cord injuries.
Dr. Lewis has authored or coauthored more than 120 papers and 150 abstracts and has made numerous scientific presentations
at both the national and international levels. In addition to neuroendocrine–immune interactions, his current research also includes
immunogenetic aspects of AIDS progression. Dr. Lewis is a founder, senior editor, and deputy editor in chief of Immunologic Research
and Transgenics and is senior editor and deputy editor-in-chief of Experimental and Molecular Pathology. He was senior editor and
deputy editor-in-chief of Pathobiology from 1982 to 1998.
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Preface
The splendid reception of the first edition of this book in 1995 convinced both the authors and the publisher to prepare a second
edition. The seven years since this dictionary first appeared have witnessed an exponential increase in immunological information
emanating from more than 130 journals devoted to the subject. The Journal of Immunology is published twice monthly in an effort
to accommodate an ever-increasing demand for immunological information among researchers spanning all fields of biomedicine.
Besides the unprecedented advances in knowledge of cell receptors and signal transduction pathways, an avalanche of new information
has been gleaned from contemporary research concerning cytokines and chemokines, with special reference to their structure and
function. This edition has not only been thoroughly updated but also contains multiple new entries representing comparative
immunology and immunity to infectious diseases, as well as expansion of definitions in all of the immunological subspecialties.
Thus, the reader is provided in a single volume with information that would otherwise require an entire library of books on immunology
to decipher. Some definitions are brief and others are more extensive, but all are concise and provide a thorough understanding
of basic immunological concepts that often intersect the purview of other basic and clinical scientific disciplines. This book is
designed to provide the most up-to-date and thorough vocabulary of immunological terms available in the complex science of
immunology. It contains approximately 1200 illustrations that depict essentially every concept of importance in understanding the
subject matter of immunology. From the beginning, immunologists have maintained a unique nomenclature that has often mystified
and even baffled their colleagues in other fields, causing them to liken immunology to a “black box.” This book is designed to offer
immunologists and nonimmunologists alike, including students, researchers, practitioners, and basic biomedical scientists, a resource
for many of the basic terms encountered in contemporary immunological literature.
Simple illustrations clarify the explanations and enhance the terms or concepts described. A host of new illustrations, such as
cellular adhesion molecules, is presented in a manner that facilitates better understanding of their role in intercellular and immune
reactions. Illustrated definitions that are pertinent to all of the immunological subspecialties, such as transplantation, autoimmunity,
immunophysiology, immunopathology, antigen presentation, and T and B cell receptors, to name a few, may be found in this dictionary.
Those individuals with a need for convenient access to a concise definition and a visual image of immunological concepts will want
this book to be readily available in their bookshelves. No other book provides in one place the breadth or detail of illustrated
immunological concepts as may be found in this second edition of the Illustrated Dictionary of Immunology. The subject matter
ranges from molecular structures of recently characterized receptors and cytokines to major histocompatibility complex molecules,
immunoglobulins, comparative immunology, and immunopathology, to name just a few of the categories.
Some of the diagrams illustrate basic concepts, whereas others are designed for the specialist interested in a more detailed
treatment of the subject matter of immunology. The eclectic science of immunology intersects essentially all basic biomedical and
clinical sciences. If immunology becomes meaningful and demystified to the reader, the effort in preparing a second edition of this
book will have been well spent.