Table Of ContentILLUSIONS OF PARADOX
Studies in Epistemology and Cognitive Theory
General Editor: Paul K. Moser, Loyola University of Chicago
A Useful Inheritance: Evolutionary Aspects of the Theory of Knowledge
by Nicholas Rescher, University of Pittsburgh
The Intellectual Virtues and the Life of the Mind: On the Place of the Virtues
in Contemporary Epistemology
by Jonathan L. Kvanvig, Texas A&M University
Blind Realism: An Essay on Human Knowledge and Natural Science
by Robert Almeder, Georgia State University
Epistemic Virtue and Doxastic Responsibility
by James A. Montmarquet, Tennessee State University
Rationality, Morality, and Self-Interest: Essays Honoring Mark Carl Overvold
edited by John Heil, Davidson College
The Problem of the Criterion
by Robert P. Amico, Saint Bonaventure University
Socializing Epistemology: The Social Dimensions of Knowledge
edited by Frederick F. Schmitt, University of Illinois at Urbana
Champaign
Metaepistemology and Skepticism
by Richard Fumerton, University of Iowa
Warrant in Contemporary Epistemology: Essays in Honor of Plantinga's
Theory of Knowledge
edited by Jonathan L. Kvanvig, Texas A&M University
A Defense of the Given
by Evan Fales, University of Iowa
Pragmatism and Realism
by Frederick L. Will; edited by Kenneth R. Westphal, University of New
Hampshire
Realism/Antirealism and Epistemology
edited by Christopher B. Kulp, Santa Clara University
Belief and Knowledge: Mapping the Cognitive Landscape
by Kenneth M. Sayre, University of Notre Dame
In Defense of Radical Empricism: Essays and Lectures by Roderick Firth
edited by John Troyer, University of Connecticut-Stores
Illusions of Paradox: A Feminist Epistemology Naturalized
by Richmond Campbell, Dalhousie University
ILLUSIONS OF PARADOX
A Feminist Epistemology Naturalized
Richmond Campbell
ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC.
Lanham • Boulder • New York • Oxford
ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC.
Published in the United States of America
by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
4720 Boston Way, Lanham, Maryland 20706
12 Hid's Copse Road
Cumnor Hill, Oxford OX2 9JJ, England
Copyright© 1998 by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
without the prior permission of the publisher.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Campbell, Richmond.
illusions of paradox : a feminist epistemology naturalized I
Richmond Campbell.
p. cm.-(Studies in epistemology and cognitive theory)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8476-8919-4
alk. paper)
1. Knowledge, Theory of. 2. Feminist theory. 3. Naturalism.
I. Title. II. Series.
BD16l.C32 1998
121'.082---dc21 97-52358
CIP
Printed in the United States of America
<@ ™ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of
American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for
Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
For my father
Earnest Goodrich Campbell
In memory of my mother
Kathryn Mullowny Campbell
Contents
Acknowledgments, xi
1. Introduction, 1
Promise or Paradox? 1
The Paradoxes, 4
Three Commitments, 12
Notes, 13
PART I: FEMINISM AND EMPIRICAL KNOWLEDGE
2. Understanding Feminist Empiricism, 19
Internal Feminist Empiricism, 19
Is This a Coherent Empiricism? 23
Can It Be Objective? 27
Does It Have Sufficient Scope? 30
Why Empiricism? 32
Notes, 35
3. The Realism Question, 43
Systemic Bias and Explanatory Power, 43
Truth Versus Models, 47
Diversity, Maps, and Individuality, 49
More Arguments from Norms, 53
Quine's Argument, 55
The Bias Paradox, 56
Notes, 59
4. Knowledge as Social and Reflexive, 63
A Case for Social Epistemology, 63
Longino on Dialogue and Objectivity, 67
Emotional Knowledge, 70
Reflexivity and Empiricism, 74
Vll
viii Contents
Standpoint Theory Compared, 78
Notes, 79
PART II: FEMINISM AND NATURALIZED EPISTEMOLOGY
5. Normative Naturalized Epistemology, 85
Quine on Induction, 85
Normativity Forsaken? 88
The Circularity Problem, 92
Native Inferential Tendencies, 95
Truth Versus Fitness, 97
Notes, 100
6. Self-Knowledge and Feminist Naturalism, 103
The Genetic Fallacy Fallacy, 103
Hardwig and Baier on Trust, 106
MacKinnon on Self-Knowledge and Sexual Pleasure, 109
Dillon on Basal Self-Respect, 113
Sherwin on Autonomy, 116
Feminism and Scientism, 120
Notes, 122
PART ill: FEMINISM, MEANING, AND VALUE
7. Fact-Value Holism, 127
Can Ends Be Objective? 127
The Fact-Value Dichotomy, 129
Fact and Value as Interdependent, 131
Models and Norms in Okin's Theory, 133
Can Norms Explain the World? 136
What Are Epistemic Norms? 138
Notes, 141
8. Meaning-Value Holism, 145
Analyticity and the A Priori, 145
Kitcher on A Priori Knowledge, 149
Adding Fact-Meaning Holism, 152
Is Feminist Metaethics Possible? 154
Feminist Moral Realism? 155
Notes, 163
PART IV: FEMINISM AND MORAL KNOWLEDGE
9. Feminist Contractarianism, 167
Feminist Motivations in Conflict, 167
A Hybrid Theory of Moral Judgment, 169
Contents ix
Realism and Contractarianism, 175
Reconciling Justice with Care, 178
The Need for an Archimedean Point, 181
Embodied Knowledge, 182
Transformational Experiences, 184
The Baseline Problem, 185
Morality without Foundations, 186
Notes, 188
10. Feminist Contractarianism Naturalized, 191
Analogy with Induction, 191
Biology in "Man's" Image? 194
Extending the Analogy, 196
Coping with Circularity, 199
Foundationalism or Coherentism? 201
The Communitarian Objection, 205
Taking Consent Seriously, 210
Notes, 213
11. Conclusion, 217
The Paradoxes Are Illusions, 217
Is It Really Feminism? Or Philosophy? 225
Note, 229
Bibliography, 231
Index,241
About the Author, 247
