Il ragazzo di Agrigento con 'Il greco e la natura'

176 Pages·2001·1.878 MB·Italian

by  Festugière André-Jean

ANDRÉ-JFEEASNT UGIÈRE
ILR AGAZZDOI A GRIGENTO
con« IGlr eceo l an atura»
Ilr agazdzioA grigenèt uona nonimvoi,s peo c olori­
tof anciualc laov,a lcidoiun nia sineclalroi dcioa ran­
cee dil imoncih,ei nconttrriaar esdteiit emplaig ri­
gentiln'ia utionra eb itdoo menicabnioa ncloa ttceo,n
unag rosscao rondair osarciaod endtael lcai ntuar­a;
docchiatgalliaec,lh ai edceo ni nsistesneznazp,ae ral­
traot teneprelrac,hc éo ndizipoenrae v erèl faa rfsria ­
teI.l c ontadinseplalroi stcrleae o mbrei ncipideenlt i
tramonteo p,a rue nd emonei nfu ga traq ueliu oghi
sacrdie lp aganesimo.
Sottloas igldae lt itoelvoo,c atdoiru en m ondoc heè
storei cao ntemporandiec iutlàt uirlag ,r andset orico
francesdee llgar eciatnàt ichaar accolntoov es tudi
chec ostituisaclotnroe ttmaonmtein tdii u n dialogo
interieo croeni ·llettosruel lpao esilaar, e ligiolsai tà,
festlaa,m istiec al ac ontemplaziIolvn oel.u msei
' ' chiudceo nu ns aggioor iginsaullel 'uogmroe ceo l a
naturdao,v eF estugiècroem-es crinveel lpar efazio­
ne- testimocnoinia l s uop acateo r igoroisnod agare
che« forsseih ai ld iridtita om arcei òc heè amabile
presslo' uomaon ticpou,rr imanencdroi stiani».
ANDRÉ-JEFAENS TUGI(È1R8E9 8-19e8n2t)r nae ll'ordine
Domenicanneol1 924d;o poa vefra ttpoa rtdee llSec uole
francdeisR io ma( 1920-e2 d1i)A ten(e1 921-2s2ic) o,n ­
sacraal l'anadleilps ein siegrroe coI.ls uop rimloi brèo
L 'idéraell igideeusGx r èceestl 'Evang(1i9l3e2 O)l.t rceh e
ais aggSio cra(1t 9e3 4e) C ontemplaettvi ioecn o ntempla­
tivsee loPnl ato(n1 936d)e,d ictau tits iu osif orazlil pau b­
blicazieoa nlel 'interprdeetita ezsidtoeinlC e o rpus Herme­
ticu(me dizicorniet iinc4 a v olumdia,l1 945a l1 954D)e.l
1949è ils aggiLoe Dieuc osmiqudee;l1 959A ntioche
pai'eentcn he rétieInnnE er.m etisemm ois tipcaag an(aG e­
nova1 991p)a ssianr assegidn iav erassip etcthier ivesltae
«mistidceal lsaa lveznzeal»l gon osticiesn meol lfiel osofie
ches ir ifanan Poi tagoer aPa l atone.1 9N6e9pl u bbliicla
saggiDoe l' essednecl eat ragegdrieec que.
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€ 18-3L4.. 853 9 7888881 30194>
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© 20l0b yE diziMoendiu sa
ISBN8 8-3808-119-5
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TraduziRoonsea:n Tnoan tini
Inc opertina:
Efeibnog inocvcahsdoie aVltI s oe,c oal.oC .A,t enMeu,s eod ell'Agorà.
ElaborazgiroanfeiB c&aC .
André-JFeeasntu gière
Ilr agazdzioA grigento
con «GIrle ceol an atura»
Introiduozne
diP ieArn geClaor ozzi
medusa
André-FJeesatnu gière.
Fe sutgièpraeg aneoc ristiano
diP ieArn geClaoro ziz
«loo ffroq usio ltanto tle 'sutmiimloend iiau nnzosa t orilcao ,
curie golpae,r alfut rsoe,m prqeu eldlina o nd issocmiaairl eos tu­
1
diod alvliat aC»o.nq uesttroa tatuot obiogrAanfidcroé,- JFeea­n
2
stugièsriegcloan u nac onfesstirolaner e i ghielv olumceh er ac­
cogliis eu omii gliaorrtii colip esrlce rr iivtitsit e domenicane fran­
cesViei I ntellece tVeiuS eplilrei nteugelalin ln1ie9 34-1945.
Sie ras uclr inadleel lder ammatiche veiucreonpddeeeeg li
annTir encthae c,o nl os conttrrota o talitarismi poel itico-sociali
democralziibee rsaalrie,b bceurlom innaetlel 'orbruiiddoeo sl e ­
condo conflitto Lmoos ntdoiraidlceeol. lr ee ligidoenlilt aa rda
antichJietaàFn e stugidèorpeou, n b rillcaunrtrei cudlisu tmu di
difi lologcilaa ssailclaEa c olNeo rmaleS uperiecuornec lusosi
conu nal aurneea1l 920d,u ea nndiis tueds ip ecializzaalzlieo ne
Ecole sF rançaidsiRe osm a( 1 920-2e1d )iA ten(e1 921-2p2r)e,­
sel ad ecisivoennect,ii n quendniee n,t ranreel l'OrddeiFinr ea ti
Predicaatsosruim,e nidlno o med iA ndré-Marie.
3
Nellsot udenttaetool ogdiecido o menicaaL neiS aulch,o ir
allosriat uaat Koa ini nt erritboerligora i,c eveat ptaer tidrael
1924f,o rmazifiolnoes ofiec tae ologcihceca u lmicnoòn l 'or­
dinazipornees bitneer1la9 l3e0 I.n viadtaosi u peripoerrui n,p e­
rioddoid ocenczhael od isillauG seer,u salempmree,s ls'oE cole
Bibliqturea,s colr'sien ve1rn9o3 1-c3o2m pletamseonlteoes en­
zas tuden«tiinu, n ac itt-às»o nsou ep aro-l«et otalmaernatbea
dovel em emoricer istisaonneso t actoes sìt ritoel iantaeb issate
chec is is entpei ùl ontadnaCi r iscthoei nn essuanl tlruoo gdoe l
4
mondo»C.omprensirbeialzei odinu en g iovasnteu didoisa on ­
tichciltaàs sicchheae v evoap tactoon e ntusiaasi mmop egnairle
futuroi nu naf ormad iv itcah ei clr istianaevseivmiaos tituziona­
lizzantooni, m memorpee ra ltdreolr etagdgiiG or ecieda i R o-
6 l PieCra rAonzgzeil o
ma.R ientqruòi nidniF rancnieal lpar imavdeerl1a 9 32e ,p resa
dimoraaP aringeicl o nven«tAou gustMiany diedmi>r ued uF a­
5
ubourSgt H.o nor2è2 2,s id edicaòl lcao nclusdioenlse u op ri­
6
mo libLr'o iédarle ligieGuxr edecetls's E vanugsicliectoon,l a
7
prefazidoenlne o to biblisMt.a- JLp.aa gdrraen ,gp erimdae lla
fined e1l9 3.2Q uestloi brcoh,ed ovevpar esrteon decreel ebirle
suoa utorceo,s titupiesrcc oesd ìi rle' embledmita u tltaar icerca
el 'opedriFa e stugilèacr oea:b itazdiipo angea enc ir istniealnlio
stesso univeres cou lsttuordraeillcelo ' imrpoemraon eo m edi­
terraneloos, c ontirnoi ziialll een,te fo a ticdoisaol oiglpo a,s sag­
giod elm ondoa ntiacloc ristianensoinsm eon,z laec ontraddi­
ziondie ls uos vilupsptoo riDcao a.l lo-rcao meb enhea s critto
uns uod iscepo«lioll-a voirnot elleetl t'uianlsee gnasmoennot o
8
stalteee spresspiuobnbil idcehlels au av itian teriore».
Is aggcih eq uiv engoneod iitnil ingiutaa lisaontalt,aoc ifra
delt itoIllro a gazdziAo g rgienttoro,v alnaol oruon itnàe ll'e­
sperievnizsas uptear sonalmdeanltle' audtuorraenu tneas uav i­
sitaal lvaa lldee it empdleil lcai tstiàc il-ia«nlaap iùb ellcai ttà
deim ortalic>o>m,el ac antaPvian danreol lXaI IP itiLc'eap.i ­
sodièoe vocanteol dlead idceall i b«rAol lseu orfer ancesdcia ne
Taorminad»i,c uif uo spipteerq ualcghieo rnon ellpar imavera
1949d,e diccah eè p rospao etidciga r andien tensqiutaàsp,ir e­
moniziodneeld estiunlot imcoh el oa vrebabtet enseolp iccolo
cimitfieorroi dtioP oissonnesl,l 'AMlatrnaa ,d oveo rar iposa.
L'abbronfzaantcoi ualc laov,a lcidoiun nia sinello dcia rico
aranecd ei l imoncih,ea pparien,t erloqeus iias lcleo ntraanpai do
ei mbroncisavtaon,e nndeol olmeb rdee lplrai msae r-aq uasdiè ­
monei nfu gat rqau eliu ogshaic dreilp aganesismion-tetpiezrz a
los torico frlaanc coemsper esennzeal,l vai tea n ella sdteolr­ia
l'Itead leilal 'Occieduernotpeed oe,l tlraa dizgiroenceo -roem ana
della traedbirzaiiocnoe- croirmsatiic aonmap,e netdroaptode u e­
9
milaan ndii o smosiU.nac ompenetratzuitotnaecv hiera i mane
semprper oblemapteirccahs,ée i lt ravadseol cllaa ssinceilct rài ­
stianeshiamd oo vutsou birpee,rb ent res ecoluin,n ecessario
adattamepnrtiom,da i e ssearses imiel adtiav entuamraen esimo
cristinaonnco o,s èìp erle 'ssendzealm essaggeivoa ngeliircroi,­
ducibaiq luea lsivuomgalnieas ipmeorl as uaf ondamenets aplee­
cificsap orgernezlai giVoaslaaed. i rpee,er n travreer amennetlel a
cultucrrai stipaenrpa e,r cep-irnneo nc omprend-ernielm istero,
Introdlu z7i one
occorrleac hiadveel flead See.n onc is if afr atdio menic-aqnuie ­
stiol s ensdoe ld inieaglfo a nciudliAl gor ige-ntnoo nh as enso
portarleab elcloar ondaer lo sardiaogi,r osgsria ncii,o ndolaaln­ti
lac intunroanp, e rv ezzdoie leganmzaa p,e rm emento asdsii duo
preghiee rdaiu nionceo nD ioi nu nas celdtiav itpar otratta
sull'adreclol 'esistenza.
Neis aggcih ec ostituiislpc roensoe lnitber o, irnep daagtit­i
nec hiaers ec orrevoli,d esnespdepii u mrpei anfitloo logiFce­o,
stugisèiir net ratctoinei nlle e ttionru en as ordtiad ialoignot erio­
res,o tteaslso u oa rgomentsatroer iscoof,f ermansduao lsciu ni
momentfio ndamendtealllica u ltugrrae cea r omandae ll'anti­
chi.tC àoscìh el as toridceiltlà' caon-tmieglisoa rebdbier dee l
tardaon ticsoes, i v uolrei conoslc'eorrei gindaellilrtaià c erca
pionieridsiFt eisctau gicèhreei,,nu nav itdaii ndagaisnsii deu e
10
puntuaslpie,s csoon trocor,rh eana tpee ratgol sit udei a llcao ­
noscensztao rli' ciam menpsaot rimodneilotl aar adnat ichtirtaà­,
scurafitnao,a glain nQiu arandteal lsoc orsseoc olpoe,rip regiu­
dizcil assicdiisu tniafic lio locgliaas sdiiic map ronptoas itivisti­
cao l aiciscthiedc iasr i v ogl-icao scìh el as toridceiltlà' antico,
sid icevial,l ustnreasitu aon ie ssrie ligoip ooseit irciit,u oam lii­
stiecc io ntestualniezisz uaoftiaa t ptoil iteis coic iadlici a,l enda­
rie d ip ersoenmee,r gnee lsluaa i neludivbailleend zica a tegoria­
lituàm anas,p ecnieel l'impfroonndtaat dievlatl raa dizdiiov nie­
tae d ip ensieorcoc iden.t ali
Meritsape ndebrree vemeunntaep arosluapi r odrodmeil la
originrailcee rdciFa e stugisèurlelf,eo ntdial uuit ilizszualt e,
11
suom etodaon coratol eatltlduaer ita e st,si u llseu ei nterpreta­
zioniin novatdievlTe a rdAon ticEo n.o ns ip uòt acearnez itutto
iln omel,' opeeri alm agistdeirc ohl io s timoell òog uidaòffi,a n­
candonleol l'impseervnitoi cehreso i e ram essaop ercordrae­re
glain nTir entFar:a nCzu montl,' archeoels otgoor idceol lreel i­
12
gionbie lgsat,u didoisf oa mam ondial,ce hed uranitlpe e riodo
die silai Poa ringeig lain n1i9 39-19i4n4p ,i encoo nflitmtoon ­
dialrei,c evesvpae ssissniemlols,au aa bitazidoian vee nuKel e­
berl,' allgoiroav aen gei àa ffermraitcoe rcadtoomreen icano,
premurodsiso o ttopoar cgrliit ei dciad iscutceornle u iic om­
pleslsaiv osruil l'ermetciussimt oa vaat tende.Nn odnoè u nc aso
sei lp rimvoo lumdee llmao numentaolpee rLaa R évélation
d'HerTmrièmssé gi(s4tt oem dii c irc1a7 50p aginceh)e,h ap er
8 Pli eAnrg elo Carozzi
sottoti«tLo'laos troleotlg eiseS ciencoecsc ultedSa)t)oa, l le
stampae P aringeil1 94p4e rit ipdiiJ .G abaldrae,cl aa d edica
13
«FranciCsucmoo ntS.(a cru)m).).
Festugiiènrfea dttailp, r esuppodsiut noav asteas icupraa­
dronandzeal ltee stimonidaenlzlceal assigcrietcào -romsain a,
eroar ientfiantd oa gli iniszuia c adrerlildeairs at udioaslso o,n ­
daggieao l r iordfiilnool ogdieccioo siddteettsmitin io resip ressi
dallcai vialnttài cpaa:p imraig icfio,r mulaasrtir olosgcirciit,t i
ermetiocria,c oldairm ie,d icimneat,t endaolslsiae quedliqa u ei
pochsie,g nalfialtoil odgifii n eO ttocenctoom,e Hermann Use­
14
nereC umontc,h ea vevaanpoe rntuoo ve pdiirs itcee rpcearl a
Altertsuemnsswciphsraoftv,oc aas tpai ngeorlstinr eel t empeo
nellsop azdieol l'imrpoemraon fion oa is ecodleil lsau ac onclu­
sionset oriecn ae glaim biptrio vincoi laolciac lhien ea vevano
esprelssava a riegcaitvai lQtuàe.s tpir ecedepnetrim isaeFreo­
stugidèira ev vicinmaargsgii ormenatlelq au otididaenlivltiaàt a
dell'uoamnot icdoie, n trapreerq, u antpoo ssibaiu lneos torico,
nelv issudteolp opolmoi nutcoh,es ia gitanveald rammdae lla
15
vitdau ranqtuee sie codliti r asformazeid oicn rei espio cal,se e­
colcih et emperarionnsoi eimlce r istiancehsesi ima on davdai f­
fondendoorg,a nizzea insdtoi tuzionalei izlpz aagnadnoe,s imo
chee sauriivnua n,c onflitdtico o mpetizcioonnl ean uovrae li­
gionee W ealntschaduiou rniggis neem itidceas,t inaap trae vale­
16
rel,a s uam illenaproirat asttao ricIan .umerosissscirmiidt it i
Festug-ièlrase uab ibliogrreagfiias 3t5r0at ito-llios tannao
17
dimostrare.
Deid iecsit udqiu ip ubblicipa rtiim,ci i nquvee rtosnuot e­
maticdhees undtaeml o ndoe llenistico-qruoemlmo anndooc, h e
hae spreislcs oos iddpeatgtaon esitmeor-micnoen,c eets ttoo ria
quii llustpreartailm targoi stralmdeaF netset ugi-èer ceh eh a
trasmeaslsp oe nsieeurroo pedois, t ampdoo tteop opolagrrea,m ­
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matica, seil netsassis;cig o lail tqruia ttprroe sentialdn iof fon­
dersdie lc ristianceosnii sm uoo iid eaalniz:i tuqtuteol plroi ma­
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rieoi mprescinddiic bairlie,t àaec canate os sqou ellsia ndtii tà,
dim istidciaa ,s ceesd ii c ontemplazcioosncìeo ,m es is onvoe ­
nutfio rmulannedlco o nfrocnotnol as aggezgzrae cead e lleni­
sti(cdaui ne llenissomvoe notrei ental)i;azp zaarttodi arflea mo­
sod iscodrisP oa olaol l'AreodpiAa tgeon (eA tXtVIiI 1,6 -3fi4­)
noa da ddentrnaerlsl«iap sicoldoegiim ias tiec h)ta r attare di
Introdu9z ione l
«asceteic coan templazailto enmep doe Pia drdie)l)Cl hai esdae i
primi secoliQ ucarnitscotis i iasant ia.dt iol ottdaic, o mpromes­
sod,i d istinz-isoenn oen d id ivisieor noet tusrpae,c nieeim o­
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nacdie ld eseretn oe ls usseguemnontaec hesi-motrcau ltura
greco-romeca rnias tiandeesliolmreoi giinlli e,t tpoorter cào m­
provardlipo e rsocnoan frontancdoonls iap agindaiF estugière.
L'ultiemd oe cimsot udieod,i tcoo meo puscoelp or esetsoa uri­
tossiia, r ticqoulaalp ee rcorosmoi letait caop p-el av itnaa sco­
stai,lr iposipo a,e saggois-pidtiae l cufrnaii p oetdie lAln't olo­
giPaa taat.i n
Das crupolosstoo ridceol lree ligidoenlilt aa rdaan tichità
Festugisèipr oes gei àd aip rimain ndii r icericlpa r obledmia­,
ventaitnos e gui-taon chger azail eu -id is tringaetnttuea lità,
dedlo vearc cettcaormeep resupppoesrtg ols it uddeil l'antichità
cosiddectltaas sidcira i,f erimgernetcoo -la«tciincòoh ,ed opo
tutnteoc ostituli'socrei gsitnoer iec cai,o lèa c ristianizzazione
21
dellcau ltucrlaa ss.icEa q)u)iè giusrtioc ordcahreep, e r! imi­
tarcail l'ambito frfuarnocneods uee,v alensttio ridceil l'anti­
chitaoà p eracroenl el oraor diitnet erpretazioinlpi e rpieor­ché
dot ardaon tidceol l'imrpoemraon coo,n sidedreactaod ecnotne
metrcol assicivsetniicsrosi,ev alusttaotroi camdeanu tne' ottica
22
cristi:ai nnatenAdnod ré-JFeeasnt ugieè sriue o dii scepdoelli­
23
l'Beole PrdaetsHi aquuet eEst ude,sp rimfor at utHteinr i­
DominiqSuaef freeH ye,n ri-IrMéanréreoe u siu oail liaeL viio ­
24
nee a llSao rbonaS.criverà aip nrfoaptotsii,t o, Arnaldo Momi­
glianneog lain nOit tandteals ecoalpop encao ncluso: «Esiste,
mip aruen, ap resdaic osciesnezmap rpei ùn etftraca o locrhoes i
interesaslma onnod oc lass(ipcroo fessioon noa)cl hiet rnao iei l
mondoc lasssitcaon nl'o E braisem iolC ristianees cihmeoi ;l
nostrraop pocrotoni lm ondoc lassèid caou nl ationv arimai su­
rae reditdaatl'oiE braisedm aoCl r istianedsailamilo't, lr aot coo ­
stituiusncare i corrreinbteel lailolnnaeo sterrae dietbàr aiec a
cristi(a. ..n Sa)it. ratdtira i conosccheeri,env arimai surtaa,n tilo
pensiedriF oi loqnuea ntqou eldlioS .P aoloo d eir abbidneil la
Mishnsaonhuo n ar eaziaolnm eo ndog reco-romcainroc ostante:
reaziocnheea p ocoa pococ onquilsatròg cheer chdiipe a gani.
Nonc 'èd ubbisou vli ncitèoi rlce r:i stianpeasoilmiocn hoe,a s­
sorbmeo lta pdaerltlleae ttergaituudreao -ellecnoimsptriecsao,
FiloenF el avGiiou sepmpae ,n onr iesacdea ssorbiilgr ieu dai-