Table Of ContentScrittdo'rOir iente 3
Scritt-odr'iO riente 3
Collanad irettdaa GiuseppTeu cci con la collabora·
zioned ell'IstitIuttaoli ano peril Medio ed Estremo
Oriente
Muhammad lqb al
Ilp oema celeste
curad iA lessandBraou sani
a
LeonarddaoV inceid itrice 1965
©
Copyright 1965L eonarddoa Vincie d.,B ari
_
In coperti:n Laa costellazdieoln" ec avallmoa ggiore»,
particoldaar uen a illsutraziopneeri ll ibraor aboS uwar
'la-kawa'kahit-bt habX isteac.,L, o ndraB,r itiMsuhs eurn
SovracoperdtiaM immo Castellano
Stampatino Cittdài Ca stelldoa llTai fernGor afica
INTRODUZIONE
L'ambiiennc tueIi q banla cqeu oep erfòul 'Inbdriia
tannicap rdiemmlael tadià quessteoc o(lvoi sdsael1 873
al1 93.8T )ree lemecnotnit ribuai vfaonrmoal r'ea tmosfera
cosi sidnigq ouellarlreeeg iionnq iu espteor ioldaco u:l tura
inglle'sIes,el l a'mI nduNiesllmpaor .e fazailloesn ueei nte
ressaLnettits ruelrs' lnsdcer,i ntet1le8 8i8l,g ranodrei en
talifsrtaan cJeasmeeD sa rmestceotsseiier s primseufviua n
zionianrgil ienIs nidi a":] en ec ropiassq u'siolip to ssible
det roudvaenrus ng ouvernement péltudrseca onngsecri ence,
d'honneptreotfée ssidoend néessliilrne c,dè erf ea isroend e
voiertd ef ailrebe i eqnu en 'emno nterneg énélrefa olnction
naiarneg ldaainsls ' In.d..e M alglreéqs u elqsuceasn dales
quéic latdeetn etm pesnt empisln 'ya jamaeiusd anlse s
provinces mreommeas ionuleses As,n tonitnasnd,te p ou
voiertd et entataivoesncisp eud 'abMuasi.às c emsa itres
honnemtaensq uleed ons uprelmees ,e uqlu ifa spsaer don
nerl essu périéocrriatéssal nats eysm pat.hF ioer smee no
: "
onesetp ài fur ateirgnniatdàrid a i visriaoznziai varleib bero
respoi us impaitd iocmii natroirgii,d amseenptaerd aatli
le'l eme'ni tnod ig'e,en coh es olroi usciar foonrom aurnea
clascsoeli tnad ipaanral ainntgel measn ee,cl o ntempproi va
di reaplaer tecipaagzleiilo enmee vnittiap lir ofocnhdiel a
cultiunrgal feosreg iacrriosntoi:a nesseinmsdooe, l hloam e,
ecc.
L'Islianmdi anaob,b raccuinaanp toep olazcihoevn ae
dagolit tanatica e ntmoi lidio naini mef,e condid soe tte
modernei isntneo vatirnci ecrit,i amnboinae nnctoir a di-
6 AlessaBnadursoa ni
mentidcegoie nertoesnit autniivvie rsdailp iasctiificcia zione
frlae r eligdiiuo nnA ik baer diu nD anSlh ikorhse Ofn
l,
altprair ticolarmednatlelv air tiiang c iodmou nceo ni
'apga'ni indeu bie lliscioknshoi,n d imentidciea svsae re
stapteosr e codlasiie, c Xo-lXifiI n oa llvae nudteag ilnig lesi,
lac lasdis geo verdneoll 'Inidlni eam,id ceol 'lc ea s't,le ' ele
mentdio unitpào litli'cuan,fi ocram dais tautnoi taer,i o
relativammoednetrcenh,ole I' nd-iar icdcipa r ofopnedni
satoer mie tafisei acsic emtai i gnadreal slpai ritualmente
organimzoznadtaan dietlàl 'I-salvaems msaeia vutEo,.
ancorialm, a rme agnudme lIln'duiscmoom,p ledsirs iot i
pagaen idis uperstailzlbiaao sndeii,a ltismseidmiet azioni
panteisntesiiuc ohviee rtpiicauil trie,lo isgiiftoàr psiecu h e
religione, eai blsb irsatciecnmiuaam natdneeo l claes etl ee
arditiasffseirmmea zniiocnhii lidsict eircsthuieo sii stemi
filosoefi lc'ie vacnigtueànlp iov'a gdai u nG andhi.
Inq uesatmob iein2tle2 f, e bbr1a783i2 on acqMuueh am
madI qbaalS ,i alnkeoPlta ngisaebt tentrdiafo anmailgel,i a
1A kbatre,r zdoe gilmiep ratmoorgih udle lnld'iI(an atnoe l1 452,
proclasmoavtroan neo1l 5 56e mortnoe 1l6 0f5o)n duòn ar eliguinoine
versalbiasstaistcuaua n t eisnmaot uraallleo sdciro ipcoo nciis luioair e
suddiintdieu m usulmanir.el Tiagcilhoeeen g el,i cdhiina-miò ' ir lealhii
giodniev i'n atoa udh-iiil ahmio note'i,ps emroso eg niin fluesnuzbai to
'
doploa s uam orte. SDhairkào h1 56(9mp).r incdieplesl tae ssa dinastia
è autofrrela,a ' ltrdoiu, n l ibreMtajtmoa',a l-Bahr(aLiacn o nfluenza
dediu em arnie)ql u acleer dciac onciIlnidauriees I msol admap lu ntdoi
visdtiau nt eismmios tgiecnoe rico.
2 Lad ateas atdtina a scdiiIt aq bnaolnè s icuirclah ,pe o tsreàbm rare
strasnoola o c hnio nc onoslceua s anze oar qiueenstptarolo ip osGiltio .
studdioiIs qib al oscillfaenbob r1fa8ri7aoe3 u ,in lg io2rn2io m percisato
de1l8 7148,7 158,7 e6 1 87I7q.b satle snseo'l Lebeanusf'lo brevaeu to
biograagfigai usnetcao,n ldeuo s anazcec ademgiecrhmea niaclhlseau, a
tesdiil aurdeiMa o nacdoi,c hidaier sas neàrt iol3 dhu' l-qad'ed1la2 94
de'lgèlira',i conèe 1l8 7'6c, o mien terp-rpeetraa letrrroo nealm- ente
eglsit escshoél, a d atsao praddetta csoerrmimsaapilo, nn 9do ev,e mbre
187T7a.l uel tidmaat sae mbrerqeubeblel a' uaptiour eveodlè e a'c cet
tatianu nr eceanrttei csoullrolg 'oamednatols ltou dioso ceJc.o slovacco
Introduzione 7
di antibcrhaim idneKila shmir dmiuvseunlmuattniri se e coli
primaD opiop rismtiu cdio mpinuetlicl iat ntaàt aplaes sò,
3•
nerl8 g,5 Laa horiem,p ortantciesnstdiir mcoou ltiunrdao
musulmapnearc, o mpleltaas rueae ducaznieollnlaeo cale
universAivteàv.ga i cào mincai sactroi vveerrsgi io,v anis
simon,e lsluaac itntaàt imaa,a Lahoriena, m biepnitue
ampieo c oltsov,i lumpepgòli qou esstuaai nnaptaas sione,
entraanndcoh ienc ontactotnuo n od eip iuf amopsoie ti
urddue ll'epDoacgah,e parteciap taonrndaot peo etiche
4
(musha'Liasr uapa)o .e sHioam al(aH imallaeytant)ea rl 8 gg
inu nad elsloec ileettàt edriaL raiheo fruec osaip prezzata,
et anrtioc hineefs utl aap ubblicaczhiIeoq nbeav,li ,n cendo
uns uoi stintivop errimsidesirpe bu ob,b licnaerlll'aa,p rile
derlg oarll,ar iviusrtdMau a khz(aInMl a gazzailnlqoau) a le
pocio llarbeogroòl arAm eLnatheoI.rq eb saeln mtoil tlo' in
fluendzias iTrh omas Arpnroolfde,sd sifio lroes oafilGa o
vernmCeonltl ecgheel, oi ntrodaullsacs uel toucrcai dentale.
studcioòln uli' Isell aoim n coraagc goinòt ineua adar pep ro
fondliars eu ao perdia p oetFau.a nchae L ahocrheeI bqa i
scries psueb bliilc sòu op rimo l'iIblrm'oul, - Iqt(iLsaad
ScieEnczoan omLiachao, rrego,r )i lp rimtor attdaiet coo
nomisac riitnut rod u. OtitnIe nnduilit ado i pl�omdia AM..
MAREK (in' Archlv Orienta'l,n1 i9 58,2 6-4,p agg.6 17 segg.M)a. alle
ragionaid dottdea llsot udiosdoi Pragas ip otrebbries pondermee nzio
nandol au sanzaf,r equennteel l'InddiiI aq bàle fino a tempir ecentdii,
present-arneell'assdeino zgnai tipdo i anagr-afed ocumentdii nascita
purament'et eori'c ire i tardaatdi e,v itarcee rtiin conveniedin t•ilim iti
die tà' connesscio nl ac arriersac olastdiic tai pob ritanniucsou,a lnee l
subcontinenMtoel.t ii ndianhia nnoq uindit uttoruan a doppia dadtia
nasci:t uan ar ealee u nat eorico-scol!a stica
3 Ilt itoldoi s haickhhe I qbàlc omunemente porptraivmaa di esser
piun otoc onq uellion gledsies ior c onl 'accademdiococ too cro,n l 'onori
fico' alla'd moat tissi'm,do e rivaap puntod all'usainnzdao -musulmadoia
chiamarceo nt alaep pellateirveod itair diios cendedniti in dud ia ltac asta
convertiatlils'ii slamismo.
' Nome poeticdoi Nawwàb MirzàK hàn di Delhi( 1831-190u4n)o
deip ius timatpio etuir dum oderni.S uglsiv ilupdpeil llae tteratuurrad u
siv edaA .B AUSAN1S, tordieal lleat terdaetlPua rkei stMainla,n o1,9 58.
8 AlessaBnadursoa ni
(MasotfeA rr tlsa,u rienla e ttseurc eo)n sidig sliiTroh omas
Arnolpda rpteilr 'Inghipletrceo rnrtai neu paerref ezionare
is uosit undei1l,09 5.P assannedMloe ditercroanln ane aov e
inv isdteall ceo sdteel Sliac ilieab ble' ispirpaezrui noan e
bella pino uersdiiuan,,t itaoplpautnSati oq ilnleillyqaau ,a le
ricolreda an tigclhoerd ie'elli sola
5•
InE uroplaq biirli matsreae n nei l esvsoer acemee nte
unp od'i sordinattuatmqteuone ctlhe ep otetvrao vnaerllee
riccbhieb liotdeicC haem briddogvese,t udfiilòo socfioan
l'hegeMlciTaangog ea dritL ,o ndrÈa s.i gnificialft aitvtoo
chem,a lgrlaeds ou ea mpilee ttuIrqeb,iin lo ns is imaa i
creautnoar icbciab lipoetrescoan vaalnseeo: n sot alteme i e
ricericnph reo ponseiltsloua ta e rnraat aeln ee lclaas dao ve
morNie.l1 098d,o peos selrasuir eianlt eog igneI nghilterra,
ottelnanl ea urienfia l oseol fieat taelrle' UnidviMe ornsaictoà
diB aviecroanu nat espiu bblipcoaait L ao ndcroatl i tolo:
Los viludpeploml eat afisiinPc ear siea,i nq uelsltoe sso
6
annot,o rnòi nI ndia.
Ils oggiionErn uor oapvae vcar eaitnlo ud iu es enti:m enti
l'antippeailrt inaa ziongarleitestdmio om periadleigsltii co
europdeaui n ap artee,d all'allt'raam,m irapzeiruo nnae
vitpai aut tipviasu,e rpiiadu,e gndait anlo meq,u avlied e
er iconqoubebledl ealc loem uneiutrào dpief er onatleld ae ca
denzdae vio lgdheipl r oppraieos e.
Dir itoarn Loa horIeq,b iiinls efiglnoòs oelfi eat teratura
inglneeslGe o vernmeCnotl lee gien iznieòlc ontemlpao
pratdieclal 'avvoaclalqtauu arlbaee, np resdteod itcuòt te
les uea ttiviptrào fessdiaonndaloled i i,m issdiaolncliaa t
tedrdaip rofesLsaop rreo.f esfsoiroennneos nel od istolse
6 È inclnueslalr aa ccodlipt oae suiredB uan g-Dia rii( vedaiv ain)t.
Fut radoutntapa r imvao litnai taldiaanlno os tsraon scrmi tnois Rs.at am
poldleaTl i nda(rOos servaRtoomraen' o3 agos1t9o14 )e poi mdea:
' ,
las iv edianq uesatnat olaolglpiaaa g 2.26 .
8 M.I QBATLh,e D evelopomfeM n ett aphyisniP cessr i.a cAo ntribu
tiotnot hHei stoofrM yu sliPmh ilosoLpohnyd,o n, 1L09u8zR.ai cs,t ampata
recenteam Leanhtoer e' B daazlm -i-'I,sq .bda.l
