Table Of Contenti United States Department of Commerce
I
I I Technology Administration
National Institute of Standards and Technology
NISTIR 5069
IIW Commission V
Quality Control and Quality Assurance
of Welded Products
Annual Report 1997/98
Thomas A. Siewert
l/W Document V- 100-98
1
January 1998
NISTIR 5069
IIW Commission V
Quality Control and Quality Assurance
of Welded Products
Annual Report 1997/98
Thomas A. Siewert
Materials Reliability Division
Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Boulder, Colorado 80303-3328
nW
Document V- 1 100-98
January 1998
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, William M. Daley, Secretary
TECHNOLOGY ADMINISTRATION, Gary R. Bachula, Acting Under Secretary for Technology
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY, Raymond G. Kammer. Director
Contents
1. Introduction 1
2. Minutes of the Annual Assembly 1997 2
2.1 Subcommission VA - Radiography-Based Weld Inspection Topics
. . . .
2.2 Subcommission VB - Quality Management in Welding Technology . . . . .tkCA^ro
2.3 Subcommission VC - Ultrasonically Based Weld Inspection Topics
3. . . .
2.4 Subcommission VE - Weld Inspection Topics Based on Electrical,
Magnetic, and Optical Methods
2.5 Working Group 2 - Inspection of Offshore Welded Constructions
2.6 Seminar on Recent Improvements in NDE Modeling oo-viotn
2.7 Miscellaneous Commission V Items
4.
Resolutions ofthe Annual Assembly 1997
3.1 Resolution 1
3.2 Resolution 2
3.3 Resolution 3
couDcococooooo
3.4 Resolution 4
3.5 Resolution 5
3.6 Resolution 6
Work Program ofCommission V 10
4.1 Subcommission VA - Radiography-Based Weld Inspection Topics ... 10
4.2 Subcommission VB - Quality Management in Welding Technology ... 10
4.3 Subcommission VC - Ultrasonically Based Weld Inspection Topics 10
. .
4.4 Subcommission VE - Weld Inspection Topics Based on Electrical,
Magnetic, and Optical Methods 11
4.5 Subcommission VF - Weld Defects and Their Significance 12
4.6 Working Group 2 - Inspection of Offshore Welded Constructions .... 12
Appendix A. Organization, Officials, and Delegates 13
A.1 Organization of IIW Commission V, Quality Control
and Quality Assurance ofWelded Products 13
A.1.1 Subcommissions 13
A.1.2 Working Group 13
A.2 Officials ofthe International Institute of Welding 14
A.3 Officials of Commission V 14
A.4 Honorary Members of Commission V 15
A.5 National Delegates to Commission V 16
A.6 Attendance Record - Annual Assembly 1997 23
A.6.1 Attendance Statistics 23
A.7 Subcommission and Working Group Meetings 1995/97 24
A.8 Tentative Schedule for Commission V Meetings 1998/99 24
Appendix B. Recent Commission V Publications and Documents 25
B.1 Handbooks and Booklets 25
B.2 Welding in the WorldArticles 25
B.3 Commission V Documents 1996/97 26
B.4 Documents Recommended for Publication 27
B.5 Sales of Commission V Documents 28
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MW Commission V
Quality Control and Quality Assurance of Welded Products
Annual Report 1997/98
Thomas A. Siewert
National InstituteofStandards and Technology
Boulder, Colorado
The Aimual Report 1997/98 for Commission V, Quality Control and Quality
AssuranceofWeldedProducts,oftheInternational InstituteofWeldingincludes
(a)minutes,resolutions,andthefutureprogram adopted at its AnnualAssembly
in July 1997, (b) the organization, officials, and delegates, (c) schedules of
meetings, and (d) the status of documents published by Commission V. It
reviews currentresearch andworkon standardization.
Keywords: eddy-current inspection; nondestructive evaluation; quality
assurance; ultrasonic inspection; welding; x-rayinspection
1. Introduction
Commission V, Quality Control and Quality Assurance ofWelded Products, ofthe Inter-
nationalInstitute ofWelding (IIW) meets annuallytoreviewthepastyear's accomplishments
andtodiscussfutureactivities. InJuly 1997, the Annual Assemblywas heldin SanFrancisco,
California, to review commission activities and accomplishments duringthepastyear and to
discuss future endeavors.
CommissionV includes subcommissionsthatconcentrate on quality assurance inweldingtech-
nologyandtheprincipaltechniques fornondestructive inspection (x-ray, ultrasonic, electrical,
magnetic, andoptical) and aworkinggroup whosetaskis inspectionofoffshore construction.
Thisyear. CommissionV metJuly 16 through 18 in San Francisco. Thirty sixdelegates and
experts from fourteencountries attendedthe meetings.
Theorganization,officials, and delegates ofCommission V are outlined inAppendixA, along
with the subcommittee and working group meetings held during the past year. Recent and
current documents are listed in AppendixB.
The scope ofCommission V includes the various issues associated with the inspection and
qualitycontrol ofwelds. Currently, CommissionV is concentratingonthe following areas;
• validation ofnondestructive testing (NDT) techniques,
NDT
• to assess fitness forpurpose,
NDT
• acceptance criteria forweld-qualityclasses,
Neither endorsement nor cnticism oftradenames mentioned in or omitted by this report is
implied or intended. Tradenames, when given, are present only for scientifically complete
descnption ofapparatus used to produce standard reference radiographs.
1
IIWCommission VAnnual Report 1997/98 Introduction
• quality assurance inwelding technology,
• radioscopic systems (includingpreparation ofISO standardproposals),
• radiographic imaging,
• classificationofradiographic film systems (includingpreparationofISO standard
proposals),
• ultrasonic imagingand automated ultrasonic testing,
• revisionofthemanual forultrasonic examinationofferritic welds,
• investigation of the use of low-fi'equency eddy currents for examining the
surfacesofforitic welds and austenitic material and the structure ofA1 welds,
• use ofliquidpenetrants to inspectwelds,
• inspectionofoffshore weldedconstructions,
• reviewoftherequirements ofISO 5817,
• digitizationofradiographicfilm.
National delegates to CommissionV are listed inAppendixA.5.
2. Minutes ofthe Annual Assembly 1997
This section summarizes the information presented atthe Annual Assembly in 1997, which
includes descriptions of both research and draft ISO standards being developed fi'om the
researchdata. Theinformationcomesfi'cmithevariousmultinational subcommissions, working
groups, andtaskgroupswithin CommissionV. Thus, the followingsummaryprovides anup-
to-datereviewofresearch activities inthecountries represented and advancenotice ofstand-
ardizationactivities. The followingsummaryis basedonnotes takenduringthemeetings and
on IIW documents V-1093-97, V-1094-97, and V-1095-97 (daily minutes ofthe Annual
Assembly).
2.1 Subcommission VA-Radiography-Based Weld Inspection Topics
The SubcommissionChairman, H. Heidt,brieflysummarized the status ofthe projects andread
the report (IfW DocumentV-1081-97) ofthe progress over the pastyear. Perhaps the most
important event is that ISO 5579 has been revised. The new version differs fi'omthe old by
containing detailed specifications for the inspection procedures; for example, it lists
radiographicdetails suchas unsharpness and kilovoltage. This new version seems to be much
more suitable for practical application, and seems to have addressed the criticisms of the
previous version.
Heidt mentioned the approval ofISO 5576, onNDT Vocabulary. There was parallel voting
in ISO and CEN (whose versionwas also approved), so the two standards are identical.
Also, he reported that ISO 1 1699 parts 1 and 2 were accepted worldwide. There are some
small differences from EN 584-1 and 2 but the methodology and main limiting values for the
film classes are identical.
The working party Radioscopic Systemsfor WeldInspection held their last meeting at the
InsUtutde SoudureonApril 9, 1997,with 10 attendees, all from Europe. The meetingfocused
onthediscussionoftherecentdraftofRadioscopicExamination PartIII. GeneralPrinciples
of Radioscopic Inspection of Construction Materials by X and Gamma Rays. The
participants at that meeting made revisions, which were accepted to the group. This latest
2
IIWCommission VAnnual Report 1997/98 Minutes
versionwillnowbereviewed at anothermeeting, thenforwardedto ISO forballoting. ASTM
Standards El000 and El255 wereconsidered as possiblebases forthese standards, butthey
arenotinISOformatandsowouldhaverequiredasubstantialeffortbefore theycouldbeused.
HereviewedResolution 2 fromthe 1996 Assembly, inwhichwe stated thatthereproduction
techniquebeingusedtomake ournewfilmcatalogwas not acceptable, andthecatalogshould
not be sold until the qualitywas improved. A small task group (Heidt, Weeber, Ewert, and
Fisher) was convened in 1996 to evaluate alternate techniques to produce the radiographs.
Samples produced bythese newprocesses were shown atthis meeting, andtheconsensus of
thedelegates,expertsandobsCTVCTSwasthatthequahty(digitizedwitha Lumiscan 85 scanner,
then printed with a Drystar 2000 printer) was now suitable. Meanwhile, some sets will be
produced by the old, direct-duphcation technique (usingAGFA Scopix Film) to satisfy the
present, pent-up demand. We prepared a resolution (number 1) Commission Vproposes to
digitizetheoriginalradiographsforthe newradiographiccatalog (V-1056-95) assoon as
possible. The taskgroup willestablish theparametersfor this digitization by I November
1997. Meanwhile, theoriginalfilms willbe copiedbyconventionalfilm copyingtechniques
tosatisfythepent-up demand. This was passedunanimouslybythedelegates.
On the topic ofstandardizationoffilmdigitizers, anASTMproposalwas feltto be superior
to the two European proposals andthe workingpartyhas acceptedthis as abasis forfurther
work. Thedefiniticmofminimumrequirements fordifferentfields ofapplicationneeds further
discussion,sothatthewordingofthestandarddoesnothamperfurthertechnical improvements
intheequipment.
G. RiharpresentedhisTeporiApplicationofImagingplates in theRadiographicExamination
ofWeldedJoints, DocumentVA All-97. Hecomparedthecharacteristics offilmimagingto
those of imaging plates, in the areas of; principles, conversion physics, procedures for
productionoftheimages,storage, anddifferences inuse. Heconcludedthatthe advantages of
imagingplates are; exposuretimemaybereduced, weakersources maybe used, information
canbe recordedonelectronic media, andchemicals canbeeliminated.
2.2 Subcommission VB- Quality Management in WeldingTechnology
Thechairman,P. Kunzmann,beganbyreportingonthe membership list. He described his use
ofa questionnaire to learn which ofthe formermembers are still interested in participating.
Thelistincludes 12 activemembers and 20 correspondingmembers. We consideredthe ones
whohavefailedtorespondonewayortheother, andmade decisions aboutwhomto keep. The
respondentsexpressedinterest inthe currenttopics, so all topics will be retained. Few people
m
were interested incooperating projects, whilemostwere interested in sharing information.
Therefore, the subcommission will focus on collecting and reporting data from around the
world. Oneintermediate meetingwas heldthisyear, onJanuary 22 atthe Institutde Soudure.
The Chairman summarized the Subcommissions’s progress since the last Assembly (IIW
DocumentV-1082-97). The firsttopic was the review ofthe conceptofqualitymanagement.
This review is a collection of the various standards that are available around the world,
organized by the 20 quality elements listed in ISO 3834. We decided that this effort was
completeandthis listwillguideus inselectingtopicswhere standards aremostneeded. He will
discussthe idea ofrefiningthis listwiththe ChairmanofSC Standardization and reportback
at the intermediate meeting.
He reported that there has been little progress in the development ofa guideline for quality
3
IIWCommissionVAnnual Report 1997/98 Minutes
management m welding. He still thinks that it is feasibleto make this into anexpert system,
which would bemore useful than a document. We discussed ways to gethelp withprogram-
ming and help in developingthedecision treeto be used.
The Chairman described the HW activityinfitness forpurpose. Hementionedthe IIWbook
nW-SST-1157-90 GuidanceonAssessmentoftheFitnessforPurpose ofWeldedStructures
andderivativedocumentsandstudygroups around theworld (PD6493-9I, SINTAP,API 579,
CENTC 121 WG 14,etc.). He also summarizedthe presentations atthe special Subcommis-
sion XE seminarthat was held the morningofJuly 18. He thoughtthatthe U S. and Europe
have been moving in divergent directions, but the seminarraised the possibilitythat the two
approachesmi^tbe broughtbacktogetherinthe longterm. We discussedtheneedtorevise
SST-1157-90 andconcludedthattherewas tittleneedtorevise it. However, werecognized that
other commissions are also considering this question, and they may have a task for us to
—
considCTinthefuture. WepassedResolution4 Commission Vhas reviewedSST-1157-90
andhas concludedthattheNDErequirements do notneedto be updatedorrevised.
K. VermagaveaptcsexiXaiion,ApplicationofRun-On/Run-OffTabs andEdgeBlocksforSteel
Bridges. Heshowedthevalueofthesetabs incontaining allthedefects thatoccurduringweld
starts and stops. Whenthesetabs areremoved, theremainingweld is uniformand freefrom
crack starters. Theedgeblocks servetoblocktheoverexposurethatoccurs attheedges ofa
weldinaplateaspartofthex-r^beambeingusedto inspectthepartpasses throughtheedge.
We reviewedthe plan for the VB microseminarto beheldone afternoon atthe 1998 Annual
Assembly. Itis nearlycomplete andwillbe finalized inthenextfewmonths.
Theworidngprogramremains the same: (a) formulating aconceptfor qualitymanagementin
welding(toclarifytherelaticMishipbetweenexistingstandards and investigatetheneedfornew
standards), (b) formulating a guideline for quality management in welding (to help users to
select a quality-management system adequate for their organization), and (c) collecting
information on computer-aided qualitycontrol, on-lineweldmonitoring, fitness forpurpose,
and acceptance criteria in welding (to define the need for further support in applying these
tools).
2.3 Subcommission VC-Ultrasonically Based Weld Inspection Topics
TheChairman ofSubcommissionVC, H. Wustenberg, gave a shortsummary from his report
ofthe activities during the pastyear (IIW DocumentV-1083-97). The intermediate meeting
oftheSubcommissionwasheldattheInstitutde Soudure in Paris, France onJanuary 20, 1997.
Also,hereportedthattheworkinggrouponaustenitic weld inspection met twice, and the group
onvalidationmetonce.
The main activities ofthe subcommission include; ultrasonic inspection ofaustenitic welds,
HW
ultrasonic inspection ofspot welds, revision of documents on ultrasonic inspection of
HW
welds (especially the calibration block), validation of ultrasonic techniques for weld
inspection, automationandimaging for ultrasonic inspection ofwelds, and acceptance criteria.
Hebeganwith afewcommentsonultrasonic reference blocks. He attnbutedthe large changes
intheechoamplitude (perhaps 12 dB ormore) thathave been measured in recentround robins
m
tothenonuniform texture some blocks. Studies to understand this are underway at various
organizations, includingNIST.
4
