Ignatius of Antioch and the Arian Controversy

270 Pages·2017·1.1 MB·English

by  Paul R. Gilliam III

Ignatius of Antioch and the Arian Controversy
Supplements
to
Vigiliae Christianae
texts and studies of early christian life and language
Editor in Chief
D.T. Runia
Editorial Board
J. den Boeft
B.D. Ehrman
K. Greschat
J. Lössl
J. van Oort
C. Scholten
Volume 140
The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/vcs
Ignatius of Antioch and the
Arian Controversy
By
Paul R. Gilliam III
LEIDEN | BOSTON
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Gilliam, Paul R., author.
Title: Ignatius of Antioch and the Arian controversy / by Paul R. Gilliam III.
Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2017. | Series: Supplements to Vigiliae
 Christianae, 0920-623X ; Volume 140 | Includes bibliographical references.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017002480 (print) | LCCN 2017013281 (ebook) | ISBN
 9789004342880 (E-book) | ISBN 9789004342873 (hardback : alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Ignatius, Saint, Bishop of Antioch, approximately 110. |
 Jesus Christ—History of doctrines—Early church, ca. 30-600. | Church
 history—Early church, ca. 30-600. | Arianism.
Classification: LCC BR65.I36 (ebook) | LCC BR65.I36 G55 2017 (print) | DDC
 270.1092—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017002480
Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface.
issn 0920-623x
isbn 978-90-04-34287-3 (hardback)
isbn 978-90-04-34288-0 (e-book)
Copyright 2017 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner.
Ad memoriam William Whiston
December 9, 1667–August 22, 1752
Cambridge Univeristy Lucasian Professor of Mathematics 1702–1710
∵

Contents
Preface xi
Introduction 1
The Legacy of J.B. Lightfoot and Theodor Zahn 3
Contemporary Ignatian Scholarship 5
The Invitation to an Exploration of Ignatius of Antioch and the
Fourth Century 7
1 The Arian Controversy and the ‘Authentic’ Letters of Ignatius of
Antioch 8
Introduction 8
Table of Variants and Text-Critical Methodology 11
God Language Variants 11
Free Standing Arian Controversy Variants 12
Ignatius’ God Language 14
Ephesians 18.2, Romans Inscription (1), and Polycarp 8.1 16
Ephesians 1.1 and Romans 6.3 17
Ephesians Inscription; Romans Inscription (2), 3.3, and 7.3 20
L ightfoot’s Rejection of God Language Variants—
Trallians 7.1 24
More Examples—Smyrnaeans 10.1, 6.1, 1.1 and Romans 9.1 26
Summary 28
Free Standing Arian Controversy Variants 28
Magnesians 8.2 30
Ephesians 7.2 36
Preparatory Remarks to Magnesians 7.1 and Magnesians 13.2 37
Magnesians 7.1 40
Magnesians 13.2 41
Conclusion 46
2 God Language in the Ignatian Long Recension: A Christological
Profile 49
Introduction 49
The Alteration of the God/Christ Language Found in the Middle
Recension 50
Why Forgeries? 50
Evidence from Other Early Christian Literature 51
viii contents
Evidence from the Ignatian Long Recension 55
The Textual Tradition Behind the Long Recension 56
Basic Clarification and Christological Demarcation Chart 58
Trallians 59
Magnesians 62
Philadelphians 67
Smyrnaeans 69
Polycarp 70
Ephesians 71
Romans 73
The God/Christ Language of the Interpolated and Forged Letters 74
Jesus as God in the Ignatian Long Recension 76
Magnesians 77
Tarsians 78
Philippians 79
Philadelphians 80
Smyrnaeans 81
Polycarp 82
Ephesians 83
Romans 84
Jesus Equated with God in the Ignatian Long Recension 85
Philippians 86
Romans 88
Jesus Subordinated to God in the Ignatian Long Recension 89
Mary of Cassobelae to Ignatius 89
Ignatius to Mary of Cassobelae 89
Magnesians 90
Tarsians 91
Philippians 92
Philadephians 92
Smyrnaeans 93
Antiochenes 93
Ephesians 94
Romans 95
Conclusion 96
3 The Ignatian Long Recension in Fourth-Century Christological
Context 99
Introduction 99
Past Attempts to Identify the Ignatian Interpolator and Forger 99
Contents ix
J.B. Lightfoot 100
Theodor Zahn, Reinoud Weijenborg, and Dieter Hagedorn 103
Harold Ford and James David Smith III 107
Othmar Perler 111
Jack Hannah and Milton P. Brown 113
Arnold Amelungk 115
The Ignatian Long Recension and the Macrostichos Creed 118
More Evidence of Christological Congruency 123
Other Non-Nicene Creeds? 130
Conclusion 131
4 Eusebius of Caesarea, Athanasius of Alexandria, and Ignatius of
Antioch 133
Introduction 133
Quotations of Ignatius of Antioch From the Fourth Century 135
Cyril of Jerusalem 137
Cyril’s Christology 137
Cyril of Jerusalem and Ignatius of Antioch 140
The Christologies of Eusebius of Caesarea and Athanasius of
Alexandria 143
Scholarly Views of Eusebius of Caesarea 144
The Great Divide 147
Eusebius and Athanasius and Figures From the Christian Past 157
Reconciliation of Past Figures 157
Ignatius of Antioch in Eusebius of Caesarea 166
E usebius of Caesarea’s Text of the Ignatian Letters and the Middle
Recension 170
Eusebius of Caesarea and Ignatius of Antioch: Conclusions 174
Ignatius of Antioch in Athanasius of Alexandria 175
Ignatius and Voices From the Christian Past 175
The Reading γενητός καὶ ἀγένητος 180
Conclusion 187
5 John Chrysostom: In Defense of Ignatius 189
A Sermon in Defense of Ignatius 189
J ames D. Smith III and the Date of In Sanctum Ignatium
Martyrem 190
Additional Problems with Smith’s Thesis 194
The Rhetoric of Defense in the Sermon 195
Comparisons with Other Sermons 199
x contents
A dditional and Stronger Evidence For John Chrysostom’s Defense
of Ignatius 202
Why the Need to Defend Ignatius? 204
A Divided Antioch 204
The Need to Defend Ignatius’ Character 211
The Reason 217
Conclusion 220
Conclusion 222
Eusebius of Caesarea 222
Fourth-Century Ignatian Quotations and Allusions 223
Ignatius of Antioch: A Battleground 224
Ignatius of Antioch and the Arian Controversy 228
Bibliography 229
Index of Modern Authors 243
Index of Ancient Sources 246
Index of Subjects 255