Table Of ContentCIGRE Green Books
Compact Studies
CIGRE Study Committee B5: Protection and Automation
Peter Bishop
Nirmal-Kumar C. Nair Editors
IEC 61850
Principles and
Applications
to Electric Power
Systems
CIGRE Green Books
Compact Studies
Series Editor
CIGRE, International Council on Large Electric Systems, Paris, France
CIGRE presents their expertise in compact professional books on electrical power
networks. These books are of a self-contained concise character, covering the
entire knowledge of the subject within power engineering. The books are cre-
ated by CIGRE experts within their study committees and are recognized by the
engineering community as the top reference books in their fields.
Peter Bishop · Nirmal-Kumar C. Nair
Editors
IEC 61850 Principles
and Applications
to Electric Power Systems
Editors
Peter Bishop Nirmal-Kumar C. Nair
HVDC and Operational Engineering Grid Department of Electrical
Delivery Computer and Software Engineering
Transpower New Zealand Ltd. University of Auckland
Wellington, New Zealand Auckland, New Zealand
ISSN 2367-2625 ISSN 2367-2633 (electronic)
CIGRE Green Books
ISSN 2509-2812 ISSN 2509-2820 (electronic)
Compact Studies
ISBN 978-3-031-06911-6 ISBN 978-3-031-06912-3 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06912-3
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Foreword
CIGRE Study Committee B5—Protection and Automation focuses on protection,
control, monitoring and metering and aims to cover the whole power system, end-
to-end related to this topic, from transmission systems, to distribution systems,
including generation and HVDC systems.
Study Committee B5 promotes the synthesis and dissemination of state-of-the-
art practices, recommendations and information about power system protection
and automation on a worldwide basis. Its main activities cover the principles,
design, application and management of power system protection, substation con-
trol, automation, monitoring, recording and metering, as well as the associated
internal and external communications and interfacing for remote control and mon-
itoring. SC B5 aims to be an independent analyzer of different solutions and
provider of high-quality unbiased publications and contributions to the electrical
supply industry.
Members of SC B5 from all regions of the world provide a global perspective
on the issues and challenges facing the protection of electrical power systems,
aimed at top and medium management and technical staff of utilities, suppliers and
consultants, universities and research centres, including young and experienced
engineers alongside standardisation organisations.
CIGRE Study Committee B5 strategic technical directions address the main
objectives set by CIGRE Technical Committee. The strategic directions set by SC
B5 aim to facilitate the human development and application of new technology
to improve the efficiency of the engineering, design, operation and maintenance
of protection and automation of electric power systems and keeping the spirit
of collaboration that distinguishes CIGRE among other organisations around the
world.
SC B5 has worked with the IEC 61850 Standard for more than 20 years. IEC
61850-based power system protection and automation systems have significant
technical and commercial advantages over the conventional ones, and it is time to
deploy the technology and take full advantage of its benefits for the power industry.
In this CIGRE Compact Studies book, the experience related to IEC 61850 system
from SC B5 members are addressed.
v
vi Foreword
I would like to give a special recognition to Mr. Peter Bishop and Dr. Nirmal
Nair for their contributions as Editors of this Green Book. Please enjoy the further
study of this book!
Oslo, Norway Rannveig Loken
April 2022 CIGRE Study Committee B5 Chair
Preface
This CIGRE Green Book aims to provide a compact overview on IEC 61850 prin-
ciples and applications to electric power systems. It is compiled using technical
brochure and technical paper material that is based on existing practice of IEC
61850 systems (application, use and approach) that gives stakeholders from dif-
ferent disciplines (and levels of knowledge) an understanding of systems in use,
their features, how they are applied and approach for implementation. It covers the
complete lifecycle from specification, deployment, operation to maintenance and
replacement.
IEC 61850 is the international Standard applicable to Protection, Automation
and Control Systems (PACS). The scope of IEC 61850 implementation continues
to grow in a wide range of areas including
(cid:129)
protection,
(cid:129)
automation,
(cid:129)
System Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA),
(cid:129)
metering and
(cid:129)
condition monitoring.
IEC 61850 provides the engineering definitions and processes for configuration
and parameterisation of the functions required for digital communication between
Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) in the substation and the related system
requirements. It is therefore not a protocol itself but rather the configuration of
IEDs with interoperability to communicate using a protocol. It is a key part of a
digital substation.
The readers of this Green Book will vary in the extent of familiarity with IEC
61850 as a concept and indeed their experience in using it. As the application of
the IEC 61850 has many different aspects, there would be very few, if any, who
would dare to say they “know it all” even after the many years that it has been in
active deployment around the world.
IEC 61850 systems provide users with the opportunity to review primary and
secondary functionality they wish to implement and their existing philosophies,
not just in the area of communications but in all areas of existing and emerging
power systems.
vii
viii Preface
These changes will impact on many fields such as primary system design, pro-
tection design, SCADA design, system architecture, governance, operational work
and site commissioning.
The target audience includes both primary and secondary system engineers,
power system planners, technicians, teachers and researchers tasked with explor-
ing, developing, delivering these systems. The audience will also include engineers
from non-B5 Study Committees. Since IEC 61850 covers multiple disciplines, it
will assist protection, SCADA, communication and Information Technology staff
by detailing how IEC 61850 will affect their systems. This Green Book is a com-
pact study for a broad audience, and while PAC details are included, it is not
intended to be a comprehensive IEC 61850 technical reference book solely for
Protection and Automation engineers.
The overall Green Book provides a “concise” practical guide for any organisa-
tion and associated users embarking on the adoption or expansion of IEC 61850 in
its engineering processes and system deployments. It gives examples of approaches
and applications of systems that have been implemented. While it could be read
cover-to-cover in its entirety, some may focus particularly on the chapters that are
especially relevant to them. The following serves as a rough guide to the principle
chapters for each activity “theme”. This also serves as a “checklist” of the readi-
ness of any organisation to commence an adoption project and where consideration
of each chapter fits into the plan.
Activity theme Chapters Description
Need and IEC 61850 as an Enabler to Meet This sets out the broader reasons and
Benefits Power System Challenges advantages for applying IEC
61850-based system. Illustrating its
application to meeting emerging and
traditional power system challenges.
Concepts Introduction to IEC 61850 Systems This provides an overview of the
standard, its history and some
concepts.
Preface ix
Activitytheme Chapters Description
User IEC 61850 User Specifications, The variety of implementations and
Specification Standards and End Users functional requirements requires a
strong approach to user specification
to ensure the system meets all needs.
Communication IEC 61850 Communication This describes and provides examples
Architecture and Architectures and Services of LAN arrangements with options
Required and considerations to meet your
Services performance and operational needs.
Time Synchronisation for IEC This describes time synchronisation
61850 Systems and its criticality depending on your
implementation. It includes
considerations methods and examples.
Cybersecurity Integration with IEC As a LAN-based communication
61850 Systems technology, cyber security measures
must be a specific inclusion in the
deployment considerations.
Planning and Planning and Design for IEC 61850 With concepts, need and requirements
Design Implementation described in the previous activity
themes, this gives some guidance to
the process of system lifecycle
planning and design based on
previous user experience.
System Implementation for IEC 61850 Review of worldwide examples of
Implementation Functional Schemes different types of functional schemes
and Testing (goose and sampled values) and their
implementation considerations.
Testing of IEC 61850 System Theory is nice, but this is where it all
Solutions comes together requiring a different
approach to traditional testing to prove
the readiness for operational use.
Vendor Interoperability of IEC Key considerations for ensuring
61850 Systems multi-vendor device interoperability to
achieve full benefit of IEC 61850
solutions. As a vendor-agnostic
engineering process, there is a
requirement to understand the
requirements for selecting devices that
meet the functional and interoperable
requirements of the system.
Substation & CT/VT Sampled Value Acquisition CT/VT Sampled Values, if you choose
Inter-Substation Applied to IEC 61850 to implement, is the mechanism of
Applications digitalisation of all the primary sensor
signals that allows elimination of
many wires from the CTs, VTs and
other sensors. Emerging developments
are discussed.
