Identification of Tidal Flat Alterations and Determination of - cbbep

210 Pages·1999·3.33 MB·English

andAlterations Flat Tidal ofI dentification
onEffects of Determination
ofProductivity Biological
BendCoastal the Within Habitats These
s uiptrsoiCr h yCla aBynromaiautrtagsNoErP
19M9a8y C•C BNE P-26
This project has been funded in part by the United States Environmental
Protection Agency under assistance agreement #CE-9963-01-2 to the Texas
Natural Resource Conservation Commission. cdotTonhhctieoues fmn etnst
do not necessarily represent the views of the United States Environmental
Protection Agency or the Texas Natural Resource Conservation
Commictsohsndteidtnoh ooeoo incnrfs,ut msne encte ssarciolnys tittuhtee
ma rygr oa lrus aPtwyin sector yEiisiofsavl itouBoerapphhNrtCoC
infoTrhpmera etisismeoMen namt nbeiaedCtgr osesn m.feo enrrt e nce
prbioanvcttikeodgin ernd ofeuodnr dm aiptnricooltfnuhe,des i snigo nal
MaantuahtgtefCheh oooomerpnre o ifsnfne,t dir eoelnni cbee rawthiiolnes
drafting official policy in the Comprehensive Conservation and
ManagemePnl(taCTm nChe MenP tt)ior.ofan n dac emoo erms m ercial
cpworaanonysdiy tudenn icono ttaedtusnso t resr eemoceron mtm endation
for use.
snoitaretlA talF ladiT fo noitacifitnedI
fo ytivitcudorP lacigoloiB no stceffE fo noitanimreteD dna
statib aeHsehT dn elBatsa oeC hntihtiW
Principal Investigators:
Kim Withers, Ph.D.
John W. llennuT , Jr., Ph.D.
Center for Coastal Studies
Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi
Corpus Christi, Texas
Publication CCBNEP – 26
yaM8991
eetti mymcoiCloP
reka Bnho JrenoissimmoC ek og.ogAC e.rrGM
riah Ceettimmo CyciloP riahC-eci Veettimmo CyciloP
Texas Natural Resource Conservation Regional Administrator, EPA Region 6
noissimmoC
elbaron oeHhT amliV anuL ya RrenoissimmoC remylC
State Representative Texas Parks and Wildlife Department
solr aeClbaron oeHhT Truan oru ayMrr arGenoissimmoC
Texas Senator Texas General Land Office
relli Menihpeso Jelbarono HehT renoissimmoC zednanre FeoN
County Judge, San Patricio County Texas Water Development Board
la edNy oeLlbaron oeHhT nel lyA a.RrM
Mayor, City of Corpus Christi Coastal Citizen
nos lduraaP n.rreMB
Coastal Citizen
eetti mtmnoeCmeganaM
.rM yaR ,nellA Co-Chair ,ecal lb.aorWBM Co-Chair
eettim myorCosi vsdtAnemnre vloaGcoL
,retr onPodr orGenoissimmoC Chair s e.mraMJ ,nosdoD Vice-Chair
eetti mymrooCs ilvadcAinhceT/cifitneicS
,egdelti hyWrr e.TrD Chair Dr. seW ,llennuT Vice-Chair
eettim myorCosi vsdnAezitiC
r ia h,C na gi r r ot Cr eb o.R r M ,g n in i e y Ra. JrM Chair
eettim mnooCitatnemel pmmaIrgorP
egduJ ria h,Crell ieMnihpesoJ
margorroPtceriD
kl odVrahc i.RrM
Natural Resources Center, Suite 3300, TAMU- C C • e nv0ai0er3 cD6O • Corpus Christi, TX 78412
-089/215 3420 • 7 34 3 -0 89 /X2A1F5 •penbcc/ude.ccumat.ics.ww w :/e /ge amPpoEhN BCC
iii
y.rRraB McBee, namriahC
R. B. Ralph ,zeuqraM renoissi mmoC
John M. Baker, renoissimmoC
,nos rnaaeDP ro tecveirtiuDcexE
Authorization for use or reproduction of any original material contained in
this publication, i.e., not obtained from other sources, is freely granted. The
.tnemgdelw oentkaciac ednrlopuiposawsimmoC
detubirts idd ndaehsilbuP
eh tyb
noissimm onCoitavresn oeCcruos elRarut asNaxeT
78 0 x3eo1cBi ftfsOoP
7803-11 7s8a 7x,enTitsuA
,roloc ,ecar fo sisab eht no noitanimircsid wolla ton seod ycnega ehT .reyolpme noitca evitamriffa/ytinutroppo lauqe na si CCRNT ehT
,nigiro lanoitan ,noigiler ,tcA seitilibasiD htiw snaciremA eht htiw ecnailpmoc nI .sutats naretev ro noitatneiro lauxes ,ega ,ytilibasid ,xes
XT-YALER-008-1 ro 8844-932 xaF ,8200-932 )215( ta CCRNT eht gnitcatnoc yb stamrof etanretla ni detseuqer eb yam tnemucod siht
.7803 -11787 XT ,nitsuA ,78031 xoB .O.P gnitirw yb ro ,)DDT(
vi
CORPUS CHRISTI BAY NATIONAL ESTUARY PROGRAM
ehT suproC itsirhC yaB lanoitaN yrautsE margorP )PENBCC( si a ,raey-ruof
ytinummoc desab troffe ot yfitnedi eht smelborp gnicaf eht syab dna seirautse foeht
latsaoC ,dneB dna ot poleved a ,egnar-gnol evisneherpmoC noitavresnoC dna
tnemeganaM .nalP ehT s'margorP latnemadnuf esoprup si ot ,tcetorp ,erotser roecnahne
eht ytilauq fo ,retaw ,stnemides dna gnivil secruoser dnuof nihtiw eht 006 erauqselim
n oein tifrroo a peuyh.tdtasueetrsa
ehT latsaoC dneB yab metsys si eno fo 82 seirautse taht evah neeb detangised sana
yrautsE fo lanoitaN ecnacifingiS rednu a margorp dehsilbatse yb eht detinUsetatS
ssergnoC hguorht eht retaW ytilauQ tcA fo .7891 sihT yab metsys saw os detangisedni
. :sn s etoe daoli isenxtpf ftuh aemersoaat2Tanotnc9xeFie9ebb1
• suproC itsirhC yaB si eht yawetag ot eht s'noitan htxis tsegral ,trop dna emoh oteht
driht tsegral yrenifer dna lacimehcortep .xelpmoc ehT troP setareneg revo 1$noillib
fo eunever rof detaler ,sessenisub erom naht 06$ noillim ni etats dna lacol ,sexatdna
e r0n.o 0asms0 htb,lt no 1arejd3todnsfieasBoeCr
• ehT syab dna seirautse era suomaf rof rieht lanoitaercer dna laicremmocseirehsif
.noitcudorp A yduts yb saxeT larutlucirgA tnemirepxE noitatS ni 7891 dnuoftaht
eseht ,seirtsudni gnola htiw rehto lanoitaercer ,seitivitca detubirtnoc ylraen 067$
t, .nt cn,ero ahao yd aifhtpiomi3el ot imltow.yll ewilne1iaahiot$mctbcaoetls
• fO eht yletamixorppa 001 seirautse dnuora eht ,noitan eht latsaoC dneB sknarruof th
ni larutlucirga .egaerca woR sporc -- ,nottoc ,muhgros dna nroc -- dnakcotsevil
t .n ccno dai oi 0fep mni l68o tm4oilel.4hai9nldi1$tr9oiim$ie1cbw wneeaetgats
• erehT era revo 0062 detnemucod seiceps fo stnalp dna slamina ni eht latsaoC,dneB
gnidulcni lareves seiceps taht era deifissalc sa deregnadne ro .denetaerht revO004
drib seiceps evil ni ro ssap hguorht eht noiger yreve ,raey gnikam eht latsaoC dneB
sgt .non dipiel hshrerdcton ertwof iiaoembwhetrp
ehT PENBCC si gnirehtag wen dna lacirotsih atad ot dnatsrednu latnemnorivnesutats
dna sdnert ni eht yab ,metsysoce enimreted secruos fo ,noitullop sesuac fo tatibah
senilced dna sksir ot namuh ,htlaeh dna ot yfitnedi cificeps tnemeganam snoitca oteb
detnemelpmi revo eht esruoc fo lareves .sraey ehT ytiroirp' 'seussi rednunoitagitsevni
:edulcni
• w orleftnaiw hdseerreftla • yti lrna eouftiqoatwadarged
• senis le nccgiernduiovsielr • noita leunci rrdiaecurtestela
• s sssod tln fdaarontleaithbetawoh • dchesittellcubaesuelspheis
• si rybaebd
ehT LATSAOC DNEB SYABNALP taht lliw tluser morf eseht stroffe lliw ebeht
dgee nrtdiucen tet n.rur afie ofidnogcl fdnieras-adbunilroohao sitooaeggcre-rllew
v
NOITPI RYACDESURETADS
ehT PENBCC yduts aera sedulcni eerht fo eht neves rojam yrautse smetsys fo ehtsaxeT
fluG .tsaoC esehT ,seirautse eht ,sasnarA suproC ,itsirhC dna reppU anugaL erdaMera
wollahs dna yllacigoloib .evitcudorp hguohtlA ,detcennoc eht seirautse era
yllacihpargoegoib tcnitsid dna esaercni ni ytinilas morf htron ot .htuos ehTanugaL
erdaM si lausunu ni gnieb ylno eno fo eerht enilasrepyh noogal smetsys ni eht.dlrow
ehT yduts aera si dednuob no sti nretsae egde yb a seires fo reirra b,sdna lgsniidulcnieht
t sse' gd. -nlde-ornrloadwlasPI
gnizingoceR taht lufsseccus tnemeganam fo latsaoc sretaw seriuqer na smetsysoce
hcaorppa dna luferac noitaredisnoc fo lla secruos fo ,stnatullop eht PENBCC ydutsaera
sedulcni eht 21 seitnuoc fo eht latsaoC :dneB ,oigufeR ,sasnarA ,seceuN naS,oicirtaP
,,y gd,ree eneebeBv eKi,lLkKaO ,nelluMcM ,lavuD miJ ,slleW dna.skoorB
sihT noiger si trap fo eht fluG tsaoC dna htuoS saxeT ,nialP hcihw era deziretcarahcyb
yltneg gnipols .snialp slioS era yllareneg yalc ot ydnas .smaol erehT era eerhtrojam
srevir ,sasnarA( ,noissiM dna ,)seceuN wef larutan ,sekal dna owt sriovreserekaL(
suproC itsirhC dna ekohC noynaC )riovreseR ni eht .noiger ehT larutan noitategev sia
erutxim fo lat seaiorciarp dn ae tlia ur.qrasanepnmaahvcas dnaL esu si yle gdreatlovedot
d n,a)l% e 1d gh6ndnt(anai larw )pld%oen7rra2cu (tdsn aarpe hdteox isme.s)u%21(
ehT noiger si dira-imes htiw a lacipo rettbaumsi lecgareva (launn allafnia rseirav morf52
ot 83 ,sehcni dna si ylhgih elbairav morf raey ot .)raey sremmuS era toh dna,dimuh
elihw sretniw era yllareneg dlim htiw lanoisacco .sezeerf senacirruH dna laciportsmrots
.tn coyeeilhfgltfeaarcidoirep
nO eh tgniwoll oefgap si a lanoiger pam gniwohs eht eerht yab smetsys tah tesirpmoceht
Py.EdaNueBtrCsaC
iv

EVIYTRUACMEMXUES
1. NOITCUDORTNI
ladiT stalf nihtiw eht suproC itsirhC yaB lanoitaN yrautsE margorP )PENBCC( yduts aeraera
euqinu esuaceb yeht era detadnuni dna desopxe yltsom ni esnopser ot sdniw rehtar naht
eca ls ptleaarldfit- ds nd.in” watrl la easl sid ifneriyfOdrtaoia-bsbd ne ic,wns“ eelhdaictimonortsa
tlas hsram sa eht yramirp dnaltew .epyt esuaceB ladit noitadnuni si ralugerri dnaemertxe
serutarepmet rucco nehw niht steehs fo retaw era detaeh yb eht ,nus cityhporcam tnalp
y p tdstocieeol iv tinedgis ct nvnotiniioa ealcerntcsdoattutifsmlboeme rofrco snteaem rfgo-eulb
.etartsb ud surmo/d ndan ae shdtn id b nfeaocafr ue shrte vmor ohfci hewagla
ehT cilbup egami fo ladit stalf sa nerrab sdnaletsaw gnitubirtnoc gnihton ,yllacitehtsea
. syn lo gslie ,neats syiccaudilyni r anllagfeerca arbooth otcerlltnsiduoaaomntcmmouseunihodce
,revewoH rieh tecnaraep psaeileb rieh tecnatropmi ot ll ayrteivvoitcudorp fo seirauts enihtiweht
PENBCC yduts .aera ,ediwdlroW eht tsom evisnetxe ladit-dniw stalf era dnuof dnuora
e nsinloaos greaeklpiylh eh tan u.gearLdaM erehT er aylraen 26 era usqeslim l afdoistt-adlnfiw
nihtiw eht yduts ,aera htiw tsomla %97 detacol no eht yab sedis fo naS ,es ogJnatsuM dnaerdaP
,satl erdev idrnuo r,asnigr ay madbnalni agmno ldanu oe frsata llfadit-dn igwninia m .ee srhdTnalsi
dna eshhttu o.fmsokeer c rde ni larsalrt dsantii Beat edm l yrnisf,laadasnleedinsrnaieamahsmw
.syal cylnia mer astnemides
ehT sevitcejbo fo eht tneserp yduts :era )1( ot elipmoc dna ezisehtnys lla dehsilbupdna
dehs inlobiutpan mugrnoifnnriec n,oycgoloc e,ygoloeg dna ,ygolordyh fo ladit-dniw stalf nieht
PENBCC yduts ;aera )2( ot enimreted snoitacol fo cinegoporhtna dna larutan secnabrutsiddna
snoitaretla ot ladit-dniw stalf ni eht yduts aera dna etar rieht ;ytireves ,dna )3( ot etalumrofna
noitaulave ygetarts ot enimreted ladit-dniw talf ytivitcudorp rof htob enilesab dna -tsop
.gnirotin oemcnabrutsid
.2 YGOLOCE
,seca ftrnue s ms yitnrdaoe emhes tkraioell- t mhly rcea,oifm)fhawiretcabon aey acng(elearg-eulB
era eht roja myr asmriercpud odrnpuof no ladit stalf ni eht PENBCC ydutsaera . citehtnysotohP
dna citehtnysom eahicretcab yam etubir tynlotcnacifingis ot yramir p.ytivitcudorp nI,noitidda
neerg-eulb eagla xif cirehpsom t,anegortin dna eud ot eht citsire t”csasreanhickael“ .e.i( ssolfo
sla isrseotracm alle c)sllaw fo ,e adgeldao ollafgl astalf era a ecruos fo ”cwiennnea“ggorrotniin
.smet srye stn a edwdpnnoaal ttenweca jodta
retteW stalf htiw( erom tneuqerf )noitadnuni era tnatropmi ssamoib noisrevnoc ,setis rosaera
erehw yramirp noitcudorp si detrevnoc ot lamina ssamoib rof esu yb level-rehgih.sremusnoc
setarbetrevnI hcihw evil ni eht neerg-eulb lagla ,tam ro stnemides )sohtneb( edivorp ehtknil
neewteb yramirp srecudorp dna rehgih sremusnoc hcus sa sdrib dna hsif . lanuaforcaM
s tl aaslgafle ar,eshewtea hdc eyytlba on )d pieon,mrsi. oaOlgs dB.tleaa(lg flsa e-finotoinnummoc
, .tsgst.oa emln(fo )stogg aym lyflnia me(avr atlces n yidbetanim oed r)asdnal srieirr a fbsoedisyab
ni reird snoitrop dna seteahcylop ro/dna sdianat ekil-dopihpma( )naecatsurc ni rettew
xi
.saera e vif-yt noetwT et a5r6b eatxraetv neivah ndeeerbev omcoerrf stalf ni eht PENBCyCduts
et .ls rg be yennyahd l tii llg nnl .nrsriieaoaai peaahricewes ievetirrstah apaaiiTmy srtononefDni
sl easidtt i ai ftllnl o-afuandnmninu mu ian oarewfoPcf ohoEoy trNid,cBeuaiCmtem Csrdanaon
.noissecc uystinumm o rc,onoitazinol o,csciman yldasreps iedtarbetrev ntiuo bnaoitamrofni
no iltaiisboopr mcfoiocMe dci nlaagirroetam si eht yramir pkni lnee wytreabmirp dnyaradnoces
.noitcudorp resopmoceD seitinummoc fo ladit stalf ni eht PENBCC yduts aera evah tonneeb
deiduts .ylevisnetxe nO eht anugaL erdaM stalF htuos fo eht PENBCC yduts ,aera,ciboreana
dae ivcri iern tthigect n haeie tbhcndntuon ydzuts eosowrfutojol hee pbhl-ta ng.oltnaam nOstalf
dnuora hsifdeR ,yaB tsehgih srebmun fo airetcab erew dnuof ni stnemides ni gnirpsgnitcelfer
.noitisopmoc eddesaercni
nehW stalf era ,dedoolf etarbetrev dna etarbetrevni notken yam eb .tneserp ehTytinummoc
tneserp sraeppa ot eb denimreted yb retaw htped dna ytinilas dna on egral hsif 03>( )mmera
.ydlnluaou fss ueps imu;decio s n herinewtadTph rouosasshamlnoesvmbnmh ioisefcmpreaehs
. es hledesi tnriny a uefelsrnbowvie b iafur ineeerjafcet hrcmoeTrn etaipeothrsvmstpnmoiomc
dnilB .osO eh Tyraropmet notken fo tsom rehto stalf ni eht PENBCC yduts aera evah tonneeb
.debircsed
ladit -sdtnail Wfnihtiw eht PENBC Cyduts aera era eno fo eht ttnsa ocgminfiidne gesifaserarof
gniret nrsiotwfati bganhiga rloafit n.e tsey s sreaf eaholsTCua Gxeer Ti e tenfd nhoircetliibtauqa
dna gni tsadrrgiibmerohs dna gnidaw sdrib dna era tnatropmi ot lareves -etatsde trsoil-yllaredef
sg r n: eydi”ssvwnpnee (ooair i idlnPefcrcep Scoeoendnppeeosst rc“areeogrnhatdne suirdarahC
sudolem , .C sunirdnaxela ,) hsiddeR tergE ( attergE snecsefur ,) deliat-etihW kwaH ( Buteo
sutaduacibla ), dna enirgereP noclaF( oclaFsunirgerep .) cihtneB dna cihtnebipesetarbetrevni
mrof eht yerp esab rof sdriberoh snehw stalf era desopxe dna rof sbarc dna lasremed hsifnehw
yeht era .detadnuni gnidaW sdrib deef no notken nehw stalf era ,detadnuni dna srotpar deefno
.sdriberohs snoitpurretnI ro snoitaretla fo eseht doof bew spihsnoitaler eud ot rehtielarutan
ro/dna namuh secnabrutsid evah eht laitnetop rof cihportsatac secneuqesnoc ot htobdenetaerht
.snoitalu pd ordpiebnetaerht- ndonna
.srepipdn aydsbetanim oe draae ryadu tPsENB Ce Chnstita llfadit-dn inswonoitalup odpriberohS
,srevolP yllaicepse gnipiP dna ywonS ,srevolp esu lagla stalf ylevisnetxe dnadeggel-gnol
sdriberohs hcus sa srehctiwod dna nilnuD era nommoc ni tnecajda wollahs ,sretawyllaicepse
sdr i.b a e yes r dd rtnoeeunaaihhvtolStrsf e ns eebs.veoesab ith r lcae0aelv2gpfOlsa -dnnounora
yam eb ylemertxe tnadnuba ta semit no ladit stalf ni eht PENBCC yduts .aera srebmuNera
yl ltasceihpgyith ni etal ,ll arfetniw dna yl r.agenirps gnid asWdrib esu ladi tstalf nehdwedoolf
dna era osla nommoc ni tnec awjodlal a.hssretaw neve Sseiceps evah nee bdevresbo no stalfni
eht yduts .aera taerG ,tergE taerG eulB ,noreH dna hsiddeR tergE era eht tsom nommocseiceps
.ll ahfguor hgtnir pest amlo rtfsehg iyhllacip yet rsarebm u;nderetnuocne
etipseD eht ecnesba fo cityhporcam ,noitategev yramirp ytivitcudorp no ladit-dniw stalf si
elbarapmoc ot ssargaes swodaem dna tuoba %04-02 fo a lacipyt ssargdroc .hsram ehT netfo
y tr ietvf ci s oce trsnytirfcelarhiouherapddgvtmo oieirnrhl rtopl p assdttilatul s fneyirgrweonlef
hcihw yam eb e rtonmeici fnfaeht e hltacissa l%yc0c1neicif ffeo rehto doo f,s nyilabhicssopsa
x