Table Of ContentIDEAS PERTAINING TO A PURE PHENOMENOLOGY
AND TO A PHENOMENOLOGICAL PHILOSOPHY
SECOND BOOK
EDMUND HUSSERL
COLLECTED WORKS
VOLUME III
VOLUME I Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and
to a Phenomenological Philosophy
THIRD BOOK: Phenomenology and the
Foundations of the Sciences
VOLUME II Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and
to a Phenomenological Philosophy
FIRST BOOK: General Introduction to a Pure
Phenomenology
VOLUME III Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and
to a Phenomenological Philosophy
SECOND BOOK: Studies in the Phenomenology of
Constitution
TRANSLATIONS
PREPARED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF
THE HUSSERL-ARCHIVES (LEUVEN)
EDMUND HUSSERL
IDEAS PERTAINING TO A PURE
PHENOMENOLOGY AND TO A
PHENOMENOLOGICAL PHILOSOPHY
SECOND BOOK
STUDIES IN THE PHENOMENOLOGY
OF CONSTITUTION
TRANSLATED BY
RICHARD ROJCEWICZ AND ANDRE SCHUWER
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
DORDRECHT/BOSTON/LONDON
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Husserl, Edmund, 1859-1938.
[Phanomenologische Untersuchungen zur Konstitution. English)
Studies in the phenomenology of constitution / Edmund Husserl:
translated by Richard Rojcewicz and Andre Schuwer.
p. cm. - (Ideas pertaining to a pure phenomenology and to a
phenomenological philosophy; 2nd bk.) (Collected works / Edmund
Husserl)
Translation of: Phanomenologische Untersuchungen zur Konstitution.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
l. Reality. 1. Title. II. Series: Husserl, Edmund, 1859-1938.
Ideen zu einer reinen Phiinomenologie und phiinomenologischen
Philosophie. English; 2nd bk. Ill. Series: Husserl, Edmund,
1859-1938. Works, English. 1980.
B3279.H9313313 1980 bk. 2
[B0331)
193 s- dc 19
[193) 88-29787
CIP
ISBN-I3: 978-0-7923-0713-6 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-2233-4
001: 10.1007/978-94-009-2233-4
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CONTENTS
TRANSLATORS' INTRODUCTION XI
FOREWORD XVII
SECOND BOOK
STUDIES IN THE PHENOMENOLOGY
OF CONSTITUTION
Section One
The Constitution of Material Nature
CHAPTER ONE: THE IDEA OF NATURE IN GENERAL
§ J. Preliminary delineation of the concepts of nature and experience.
(Exclusion of meaning predicates) . . .. .. . . . .. 3
§ 2. The natural-scientific attitude as a theoretical attitude . . . . 4
§ 3. Analysis of the theoretical attitude, of the theoretical interest . 5
§ 4. Theoretical acts and " pre-giving" intentional lived experiences 6
§ 5. Spontaneity and passivity; actuality and inactuality of conscious-
ness .................. . ....... 13
§ 6. The distinction between the transition into the theoretical attitude
and the transition into reflection . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
§ 7. Objectivating and non-Objectivating acts and their correlates 17
§ 8. The sense-objects as primal constitutive objects 19
§ 9. Categorial and aesthetic (" sensuous") synthesis 19
§ 10. Things, spatial phantoms, and the data of sensation 23
§ II. Nature as sphere of mere things .. ...... 27
VI CONTENTS
CHAPTER Two: THE ONTIC SENSE-STRATA OF THE THING
OF INTUITION AS SUCH
§ 12. Material and animal nature ................ 30
§ 13. The significance of extension for the structure of "things" in
general and of material things in particular ...... 32
§ 14. The significance of extension for the structure of animalia 35
§ 15. The essence of materiality (substance) . . . . . . . . . 36
a) Phenomenological analysis of the givenness of the thing as a
way toward determining the essence, "material thing." . .. 37
b) Mobility and alterability as constituents of the material thing;
the thing-schema ................... 39
c) Exhibition of the materiality of the thing by way of its depen-
dence on circumstances ................ 44
d) The schema as real determinateness of the material thing .. 46
e) More precise determination, redetermination, and cancellation
of the thing-experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 48
§ 16. The constitution of the properties of the thing in mUltiple relations
of dependency . . . . . . 49
§ 17. Materiality and substantiality . . ............. 58
CHAPTER THREE: THE AESTHETA IN THEIR RELATION
TO THE AESTHETIC BODY
§ 18. The subjectively conditioned factors of the constitution of the
thing; the constitution of the Objective material thing . . . .. 60
a) The intuitive qualities of the material thing in their dependencies
on the experiencing subject-Body ............ 60
b) The significance of normal perceptual conditions for the consti
tution of the intuited thing and the significance of abnormali-
ties ......................... 63
c) The significance of psychophysical conditionality for the various
levels of constitution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 70
d) The physicalistic thing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 80
e) Possibility of the constitution of an "Objective nature" on the
solipsistic level ................. 82
f) Transition from solipsistic to intersubjective experience 83
g) More precise characterization of the physicalistic thing 89
h) The possibility of the constitution of an "Objective nature" at
the level of intersubjective experience .......... 94
Section Two
The Constitution of Animal Nature
INTRODUCTION
§ 19. Transition to the consideration of the soul as a natural Object 96
§ 20. The sense of the ordinary talk about the" psychic" 97
§ 21. The concept of "I as man" . . . . . . . . . . 99
CONTENTS VII
CHAPTER ONE: THE PURE EGO
§ 22. The pure Ego as Ego-pole . . . . . . . . . . 103
§ 23. The possibility of grasping the pure Ego (the Ego-pole) 107
§ 24. "Mutability" of the pure Ego 110
§ 2S. Polarity of acts: Ego and Object . . . . . . . . . . III
§ 26. Alert and dull consciousness . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
§ 27. "I as man" as part of the content of the environment of the pure
Ego . . .... . . ... . .... . ... . .. .. lIS
§ 2S. The real Ego constituted as transcendent Object; the pure Ego as
given in immanence .............. . . . . . 117
§ 29. Constitution of unities within the sphere of immanence. Persistent
opinions as sedimentations in the pure Ego ......... liS
CHAPTER Two: PSYCHIC REALITY
§ 30. The real psychic subject . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 28
§ 31. The formal-universal concept of reality .. . .. . ... 133
§ 32. Fundamental differences between material and psychic reality 134
§ 33. More precise determination of the concept of reality 144
§ 34. Necessity of the distinction between the naturalistic and the person-
alistic attitudes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
CHAPTER THREE: THE CONSTITUTION OF PSYCHIC REALITY
THROUGH THE BODY
§ 3S. Transition to the study of the constitution of "man as nature" lSI
§ 36. Constitution of the Body as bearer of localized sensations (sens-
ings) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IS.2 .
§ 37. Differences between the visual and tactual realms . . . . .. . 155
§ 3S. The Body as organ of the will and as seat of free movement .. IS9
§ 39. Significance of the Body for the constitution of higher Objectivi-
ties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
§ 40. More precision concerning the localization of the sensings and
concerning the non-thingly properties of the Body 161
§ 41. Constitution of the Body as material thing in contrast to other
material things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
a) The Body as center of orientation . . . . . . . . 165
b) Peculiarity of the manifolds of appearance of the Body 167
c) The Body as integral part of the causal nexus . 167
§ 42. Character of the Body as constituted solipsistically 168
CHAPTER FOUR: THE CONSTITUTION OF PSYCHIC REALITY IN EMPATHY
§ 43. Givenness of other animalia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.0 .
§ 44. Primal presence and appresence . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 0
§ 4S. Animalia as primally present Corporeal bodies with appresented
interiority . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
§ 46. Significance of empathy for the constitution of the reality "I as
man." 175
§ 47. Empathy and the constitution of nature . . 178
VIII CONTENTS
Section Three
The Constitution of the Spiritual World
§ 48. Introduction . . . . 181
CHAPTER ONE: OPPOSITION BETWEEN THE NATURALISTIC AND
PERSONALISTIC WORLDS
§ 49. The personalistic attitude versus the naturalistic 183
a) Introjection of the soul as presupposition even for the natural-
istic attitude .................. 184
b) Localization of the psychic 187
c) Temporalization of the psychic. (Immanent time and space-
time) ... . . ... . 188
d) Reflection on method 189
e) The naturalistic attitude and the natural attitude 190
§ 50. The person as center of a surrounding world 194
§ 51. The person in personal associations . . . . . . . 200
§ 52. Subjective manifolds of appearance and Objective things 211
§ 53. The relationship between the consideration of nature and the
consideration of the spirit . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
CHAPTER Two: MOTIVATION AS THE FUNDAMENTAL LAW
OF THE SPIRITUAL WORLD
§ 54. The Ego in the inspectio sui . . . . . . . . . .. 223
§ 55. The spiritual Ego in its comportment toward the surrounding
world . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . ... 226
§ 56. Motivation as the fundamental lawfulness of spiritual life 231
a) Motivation of reason ....... 231
b) Association as motivation ... . . 233
c) Association and experiential motivation 235
d) Motivation in its noetic and noematic aspects 238
e) Empathy toward other persons as an understanding of their
motivations ............. . .. . .... 239
f) Natural causality and motivation ............ 241
g) Relations between subjects and things from the viewpoint of
causality and of motivation . . . . . .. . ...... 243
h) Body and spirit as comprehensive unity: "spiritualized"
Objects . . .. . ... . . . .. . .... .. ... 248
§ 57. Pure Ego and personal Ego as Object of reflexive self-appercep-
tion 259
§ 58. The constitution of the personal Ego prior to reflection 263
§ 59. The Ego as subject of faculties . . . . . . . . . . . 266
§ 60. The person as subject of acts of reason, as "free Ego" 269
a) The" I can" as practical possibility, as neutrality modification
of practical acts, and as original consciousness of abilities 270
CONTENTS IX
b) The "I can" motivated in the person's knowledge of himself.
Self-apperception and self-understanding ........ 277
c) The influence of others and the freedom of the person 281
d) General type and individual type in understanding persons 282
§ 61. The spiritual Ego and its underlying basis . . . . . . . .. 288
CHAPTER THREE: THE ONTOLOGICAL PRIORITY
OF THE SPIRITUAL WORLD OVER THE NATURALISTIC
§ 62. The interlocking of the personalistic attitude and the naturalistic
attitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
§ 63. Psychophysical parallelism and interaction 302
§ 64. Relativity of nature, absoluteness of spirit 311
Supplements
SUPPLEMENT I: Attempt at a step-wise description of constitution 319
SUPPLEMENT II: The Ego as pole and the Ego of habitualities 324
SUPPLEMENT III: The localization of the ear noises in the ear . 324
SUPPLEMENT IV: Sketch of an introduction to "The constitution of
the spiritual world." . . . . . . . . . . .. 325
SUPPLEMENT V: The pregivennesses of the spirit in spiritual life 328
SUPPLEMENT VI: lnspectio sui (" I do" and "I have") 329
SUPPLEMENT VII: The Ego and its "over-and-against. " 330
SUPPLEMENT VIII: On the unity of "Body" and" spirit" 333
SUPPLEMENT IX: Spiritual products . . . . . . . . . 333
SUPPLEMENT X: Personal Ego and surrounding world (333)-The
levels of the constitution of Objective reality (336)-
Pure Ego and personal Ego (337) ...... . 333
SUPPLEMENT XI: The human being apprehended in an inductive-
natural way and the free person 340
SUPPLEMENT XII: Supplements to Section Three . 344
I. THE PERSON-THE SPIRIT AND ITs PSYCHIC BASIS
§ I. The distinction between primal sensibility and intellectus
agens ............... . 344
§ 2. Sensibility as the psychic basis of the spirit 346
Excursus: impression and reproduction . . . . . . .. 348
§ 3. Development of the Ego-Ego-action and Ego-affection 349
II. SUBJECTIVITY AS SOUL AND AS SPIRIT IN THE ATTITUDE OF THE
NATURAL SCIENCES AND IN THE ATTITUDE OF THE HUMAN
SCIENCES
§ 1. The reality of the soul and of the human being 351
x
CONTENTS
§ 2. Psychophysical causality and the causal nexus of things 354
§ 3. Possibility of the insertion of the soul into nature 355
§ 4. The human being as spiritual subject . . . . . 357
§ 5. Empathy as spiritual (not naturalistic) relation between
subjects ..................... 358
§ 6. Spiritual Ego and psychological Ego.-Constitution of the
Ego as self-apperception . . . . . . . . .. 358
§ 7. Subjects considered as nature and as spirit ...... 362
§ 8. Distinction between a psychological and a psychophysical
analysis ..................... 366
§ 9. Stream of consciousness, lived experience, and intentional
correlates as nexuses of psychic life ......... 369
§ 10. The spiritual considered psychologically and the question
of its" explanation. "-Two concepts of nature 369
§ II. The human sciences posit subjectivity as absolute.-
" Inner" and "outer" experience ...... 374
§ 12. Nature in the human-scientific attitude.-The human-
scientific and the phenomenological attitude . . 377
SUPPLEMENT XIII: "Personal subjectivity" as theoretical theme 382
SUPPLEMENT XIV: Human-scientific attitude-Natural science mcor
porated into the human-scientific attitude.-Mere
nature as surrounding world (389)-The various
types of intuitive causality (390)-Abstract-scientific
investigations (391)-Natural science within human
science (392)-The concept of Objectivity (398) 386
EPILOGUE 405
INDEX .. 433
