Table Of ContentLecture Notes in Computer Science 7453
CommencedPublicationin1973
FoundingandFormerSeriesEditors:
GerhardGoos,JurisHartmanis,andJanvanLeeuwen
EditorialBoard
DavidHutchison
LancasterUniversity,UK
TakeoKanade
CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA,USA
JosefKittler
UniversityofSurrey,Guildford,UK
JonM.Kleinberg
CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NY,USA
AlfredKobsa
UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,CA,USA
FriedemannMattern
ETHZurich,Switzerland
JohnC.Mitchell
StanfordUniversity,CA,USA
MoniNaor
WeizmannInstituteofScience,Rehovot,Israel
OscarNierstrasz
UniversityofBern,Switzerland
C.PanduRangan
IndianInstituteofTechnology,Madras,India
BernhardSteffen
TUDortmundUniversity,Germany
MadhuSudan
MicrosoftResearch,Cambridge,MA,USA
DemetriTerzopoulos
UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,CA,USA
DougTygar
UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,USA
GerhardWeikum
MaxPlanckInstituteforInformatics,Saarbruecken,Germany
Axel Auweter Dieter Kranzlmüller
Amirreza Tahamtan A Min Tjoa (Eds.)
ICT as Key Technology
against Global Warming
Second International Conference, ICT-GLOW 2012
Vienna,Austria, September 6, 2012
Proceedings
1 3
VolumeEditors
AxelAuweter
LeibnizSupercomputingCentre(LRZ)
BavarianAcademyofSciencesandHumanities
Boltzmannstr.1,85748,Garching/Munich,Germany
E-mail:[email protected]
DieterKranzlmüller
Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen
MNM-Team
Oettingenstr.67,80538Munich,Germany
E-mail:kranzlmueller@ifi.lmu.de
AmirrezaTahamtan
AMinTjoa
ViennaUniversityofTechnology
InstituteofSoftwareTechnology&InteractiveSystems
Favoritenstr.9-11/188,1040Vienna,Austria
E-mail:{tahamtan,amin}@ifs.tuwien.ac.at
ISSN0302-9743 e-ISSN1611-3349
ISBN978-3-642-32605-9 e-ISBN978-3-642-32606-6
DOI10.1007/978-3-642-32606-6
SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2012943989
CRSubjectClassification(1998):D,J.2,J.1,K.6,H.5
LNCSSublibrary:SL1–TheoreticalComputerScienceandGeneralIssues
©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2012
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Preface
In 2010, a record 30.6 gigatons of carbon dioxide poured into the atmosphere,
thehighestcarbonoutputinhistory.Preventingatemperatureriseisthebiggest
challengeofourtime.TheICTsectorisarelevantcontributortogreenhousegas
emissions and global warming due to its tremendous presence in our everyday
life, but it is also a key technology for the fight against global warming in all
other sectors. Consequently, reduction of CO2 emissions in ICT and with the
support of ICT is a topic of outmost importance for society and our planet.
The Second International Conference on ICT as a Key Technology Against
GlobalWarming(ICT-GLOW2012)aimedatprovidinganinterdisciplinarysci-
entificforumforin-depthdiscussionsonthe reductionofthecarbonfootprintin
thedifferentsectorsincludingICTsystemsthemselves.EmphasiswithintheICT
sector is laid on holistic and far-reaching approaches for green and eco-friendly
solutions. The conference aims to bring together researchers and practitioners
from multiple disciplines ranging from green maturity models in organizations
to system level design and optimization.
Thepaperspresentedatthis conferencewereselectedafterextensivereviews
bytheProgramCommitteeandassociatedreviewers.Wewouldliketothankall
Program Committee members and the reviewers for their valuable advice, and
the authors for their contributions to ICT-GLOW 2012. Special thanks go to
Gabriela Wagner for managing the submission and paper production process.
September 2012 A Min Tjoa
Dieter Kranzlmu¨ller
Amirreza“Nick”Tahamtan
Axel Auweter
Organization
General Chairs
A Min Tjoa Vienna University of Technology, Austria
Dieter Kranzlmu¨ller Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨atand Leibniz
Supercomputing Centre, Germany
Program Committee Co-chairs
Amirreza“Nick”Tahamtan Vienna University of Technology, Austria
Axel Auweter Leibniz Supercomputing Centre, Germany
Program Committee
Gul Agha University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,
USA
Ishfaq Ahmad University of Texas Arlington, USA
Lachlan Andrew SwineburneUniversityofTechnology,Australia
Cosimo Anglano Universita` del Piemonte Orientale, Italy
Axel Auweter Leibniz Supercomputing Centre, Germany
Rami Bahsoon The University of Birmingham, UK
Riccardo Bettati Texas A&M University, USA
Nguyen Thanh Binh International Institute for Applied Systems
Analysis, Austria
Davide Careglio Universitat Polit`ecnica de Catalunya, Spain
Jian-Jia Chen Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Germany
Ayse Kivilcim Coskun Boston University, USA
Georges Da Costa Universit´e Paul Sabatier, France
Marco Di Girolamo HP Italy Innovation Centre, Italy
Dominique Dudkowski NEC Laboratories Europe, Germany
Carla Ellis Duke University, USA
Karl Fu¨rlinger Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at,Germany
Erol Gelenbe Imperial College, UK
Aditya Ghose University of Wollongong,Australia
Keishiro Hara Osaka University, Japan
Helmut Hlavacs University of Vienna, Austria
Chun-Hsi Huang University of Connecticut, USA
Karin Anna Hummel University of Vienna, Austria
Omar Hussain Curtin University, Australia
Vipul Jain Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
Bahman Javadi The University of Melbourne, Australia
VIII Organization
Dahe Jiang Tongji University, China
Samee u. Khan North Dakota State University, USA
Harald Kosch Universit¨at Passau, Germany
Dieter Kranzlmu¨ller Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨atand Leibniz
Supercomputing Centre, Germany
Laurent Lefevre The FrenchInstitute forResearchinComputer
Science, France
Thomas Ledoux l’E´cole des Mines de Nantes, France
Jaime Lloret Mauri Universidad Polit`ecnica de Val`encia, Spain
Yung-Hsiang Lu Purdue University, USA
Thomas Ludwig Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum,Germany
Made Mahendra Udayana University, Indonesia
Michele Mazzucco University of Tartu, Estonia
Jean-Marc Menaud l’E´cole des Mines de Nantes, France
Daniel Mosse University of Pittsburgh, USA
Hiroyuki Morikawa The University of Tokyo, Japan
Binh Nguyen International Institute for Applied Systems
Analysis, Austria
Tjokorda Gde Tirta Nindhia Udayana University, Indonesia
Manish Parashar Rutgers University, USA
Barbara Pernici Politecnico di Milano, Italy
Cathryn Peoples University of Ulster, UK
Mario Pickavet Universiteit Gent, Belgium
Jean-Marc Pierson Paul Sabatier University, France
Wojciech Piotrowicz University of Oxford, UK
Gang Qu University of Maryland, USA
Toshinori Sato Fukuoka University, Japan
Edwin Sha University of Texas at Dallas, USA
Erich Schikuta University of Vienna, Austria
Amirreza“Nick”Tahamtan Vienna University of Technology, Austria
Domenico Talia Universit`a della Calabria, Italy
A Min Tjoa Vienna University of Technology, Austria
Jordi Torres Technical University of Catalonia, Spain
Frank Teuteberg Universit¨at Osnabru¨ck, Germany
Gregg Vesonder AT&T Labs, USA
Vladimir Vlassov Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden
Martijn Warnier TU Delft, The Netherlands
Rongbo Zhu South-Central University for Nationalities,
China
Albert Zomaya University of Sydney, Australia
Table of Contents
Novel Implementations for Energy Awareness
IT-Cooling Collaborative Control Methods for Battery-Aware
IT-Systems Targeting India ....................................... 1
Tadayuki Matsumura and Tetsuya Yamada
Research for IT Driven Energy Efficiency Based on a Multidimensional
Comfort Control ................................................. 18
Afef Denguir, Franc¸ois Trousset, and Jacky Montmain
The ECOSGreenBuildings Project:Data Dramatization,Visualization
and Manipulation................................................ 33
Deb Polson and Cassandra Selin
Green Data Centers and Supercomputing
Case Studies of Multi-core Energy Efficiency in Task Based
Programs ....................................................... 44
Hallgeir Lien, Lasse Natvig, Abdullah Al Hasib, and
Jan Christian Meyer
Leveraging Task-Parallelismin Energy-EfficientILU Preconditioners ... 55
Jos´e I. Aliaga, Manuel F. Dolz, Alberto F. Mart´ın,
Rafael Mayo, and Enrique S. Quintana-Ort´ı
Evaluating Energy Consumption in CDN Servers..................... 64
Saif ul Islam and Jean-Marc Pierson
Green Organization and Business Modelling
Green Performance Indicators Aggregation through Composed
Weighting System................................................ 79
Alexandre Mello Ferreira, Barbara Pernici, and Pierluigi Plebani
EC4MACS – An Integrated Assessment Toolbox of Well-Established
Modeling Tools to Explore the Synergies and Interactions between
Climate Change, Air Quality and Other Policy Objectives............. 94
Thanh Binh Nguyen, Fabian Wagner, and Wolfgang Schoepp
X Table of Contents
Semantic Modelling of Dependency Relations between Life Cycle
Analysis Processes ............................................... 109
Benjamin Bertin, Marian Scuturici, Jean-Marie Pinon, and
Emmanuel Risler
Author Index.................................................. 125
IT-Cooling Collaborative Control Methods
for Battery-Aware IT-Systems Targeting India
Tadayuki Matsumura and Tetsuya Yamada
Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd.
1-280, Higashi-koigakubo, Kokubunji-shi,Tokyo,Japan
{tadayuki.matsumura.bh,tetsuya.yamada.jh}@hitachi.com
Abstract. Two IT-system control methods, which realize efficient bat-
teryusageforbattery-poweredITsystemstargetingdevelopingcountries
suchasIndia,areproposed.TheproposedmethodscontroltheITequip-
mentandcoolingpowercollaborativelyonthebasisofaforecastofpower
outage duration. To quantitatively evaluate these methods, power out-
ages in Bangalore, India, were measured. The proposed methods were
evaluated by using this measured power outage data. According to the
evaluation results,theproposedmethodscan improveameasureofbat-
tery efficiency, namely, IT-used-energy (Q )/battery-used-energy (Q ),
t u
by 39% compared to that of conventional ITsystems.
1 Introduction
AsIT-systemmarketsindevelopedcountriesgrowandmature,thoseofdevelop-
ing countries are becoming more important. Among such developing countries,
India is one of the most promising. Specially, IT systems targeting small and
medium sized business (SMB) markets are becoming more important because
thatmarketisincreasinginIndia.InIndia,ITsystemsforsuchSMBsarenotso
differentfromthoseofdevelopedcountries.However,thereisonecleardifference
in terms ofthe power supply equipment used, thatis, use of anon-line-type un-
interruptible power supply (UPS) and its add-on large capacity batteries. This
state of affairs is due to poor power quality in India, where power supply prob-
lems such as surges, dips, interruptions and long duration power outages are
frequent. Surges, dips and interruptions can be solved by installing on-line-type
UPS,whichsuppliespowerindirectlythroughbatteries.Similarly,longduration
power outages can be solved by installing large capacity batteries. In general,
thelead-acidbatteryisusedforUPS.This,however,posesaproblembecauseof
its largeareaandheavyweight.Forexample, tocoveratwohourpoweroutage,
batteriesweighingabout600kgareneededfor4-kWclassIT-systems.Moreover,
a special floor construction is needed to support such a heavy weight.
In light of the above described circumstances, it can be said that there is
uniqueandnovelresearchareaforITsystemstargetingIndia,thatis,developing
a battery-aware IT system. In the mobile systems field, battery-aware systems
have been commonly researched, and there are a lot of related works [1]-[5].
These previous works mainly apply some optimization process before system
A.Auweteretal.(Eds.):ICT-GLOW2012,LNCS7453,pp.1–17,2012.
(cid:2)c Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2012
2 T. Matsumura and T. Yamada
runtime. Such optimization is feasible because the task set and the timing of
the task input of an embedded system are known in the system design phase.
In the case of server applications other than embedded systems, however, the
task set is not known at the system design phase. Moreover, task input timing
depends on the server user. Because of these reasons, it is difficult to apply an
optimization process for server applications in advance of the runtime.
In response to the above described issues, the authors propose two runtime
dynamicIT-systemcontrolmethodsbasedonforecasting.Theproposedmethods
make power control guidelines on the basis of a power outage duration forecast
andIT-loadforecast.TheITsystemandcoolerpoweraredynamicallycontrolled
collaboratively at runtime. According to the forecast, the IT system can be
cooled in advance. The power outage forecast and advanced cooling are the
novelties concerning the proposed method. To the authors’ knowledge, there
have been no papers about power outage duration forecasting and utilizing the
forecast for advanced cooling of battery-awareIT systems.
2 Related Works
In the mobile-application field, design of battery-aware systems has been well
researchedsincebatterycapacityisstrictlyrestricted[1,2].Amongsuchprevious
researchworks, task scheduling and dynamic voltage scheduling (DVS) are well
known [3,4]. It is known that due to a battery feature called the rate capacity
effect, the power-consumption profile of a battery can affect battery efficiency
even if total energy consumption is the same. These previous works aim to
optimize the power profile by controlling the voltage or task-execution order so
as to maximize battery efficiency. The rate capacity effect is more significant in
the case of the lead-acid battery used in current UPSs than in the case of the
lithium-ion battery used in mobile systems. These previous works can therefore
also be expected to be more effective for IT systems than for mobile systems.
In the meantime, unlike designers of embedded systems (such as mobile ap-
plications), designers of IT systems do not know task sets at the system design
time. Moreover,taskinputtimingdepends onthe user.Asaresult,itisdifficult
to schedule an IT-system task in advance. Given that difficultly, in the current
work, two runtime dynamic IT-system power-controltechniques, based on fore-
casting instead of in-advance scheduling, are proposed. With these techniques,
power-outage duration is forecasted by analyzing power-outage history statisti-
cally. In the field of mobile applications, a battery-awaretechnique that utilizes
forecastinghasalsobeenproposed[5]. Withthis technique,thetimetothe next
chargingopportunityisforecastedbyanalyzingusagehistorystatistically.Meth-
ods for forecasting IT load have also been reported [6,7]. Forecasting of power-
outageoccurrencesisalsopossible,andsummaryofpower-outagepredictionhas
been published [8]. However, to the authors’ knowledge, power-outage-duration
forecasting has not yet been reported.
