Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders

298 Pages·2012·2.373 MB·English

by  Benjamin L. Walter MD, Jerrold L. Vitek MD, PhD (auth.), Oksana Suchowersky, Cynthia Comella (eds.)

Current Clinical Neurology
Daniel Tarsy, md, Series Editor
For further volumes:
http://www.springer.com/series/7630

Oksana Suchowersky Cynthia Comella
●
Editors
Hyperkinetic Movement
Disorders
Foreword by Christopher G. Goetz
Editors
Oksana Suchowersky Cynthia Comella
Department of Medicine (Neurology) Department of Neurology
and Medical Genetics Rush University Medical Center
University of Alberta Chicago, IL, USA
Edmonton, AB, Canada
ISBN 978-1-58829-805-8 ISBN 978-1-60327-120-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-60327-120-2
Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2012932631
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012. Corrected at 2nd printing 2012
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Series Editor Introduction
Traditionally, movement disorders are broadly classifi ed as being either hypokinetic
or hyperkinetic in type. Although this is an oversimplifi cation, the distinction is a
useful one. Hypokinetic disorders are more common, are often associated with mus-
cle rigidity, and are characterized by an overall reduction and slowness of spontane-
ous voluntary movement. This group of disorders is generally well recognized both
by physicians and the general public in the form of parkinsonism or Parkinson’s
disease. By contrast, except for tremor, hyperkinetic movement disorders are much
less common and are phenomenologically much more varied in their appearance
than the more common parkinsonian akinetic-rigid syndromes. Moreover, hyperki-
netic movement disorders are often highly unusual in their appearance and may
appear to have a “bizarre” quality to clinicians unfamiliar with these disorders.
Textbooks concerning hypokinetic movement disorders are numerous. By contrast,
textbooks concerning hyperkinetic disorders are relatively few, a fact which makes
the contribution of this volume a valuable one.
Despite modern advances in diagnostic technology, the identifi cation and clas-
sifi cation of movement disorders continues to heavily rely on the clinical pattern
recognition of characteristic clinical features. This is especially true of the hyperki-
netic disorders which are generally uncommon and quite often rare. Since words are
often inadequate to describe complex hyperkinetic movements it is extremely use-
ful that this volume includes a collection of representative video examples of these
disorders. The volume includes a chapter on the basic pathophysiology of the hyper-
kinetic disorders followed by chapters on the diagnosis and treatment of chorea,
dystonia, Tourette syndrome, developmental tic disorders, tremor, myoclonus, drug-
induced movement disorders most of which are hyperkinetic, and paroxysmal dys-
kinesias. Appropriately, there is also a chapter on psychogenic movement disorders
which so commonly take on the form of hyperkinetic disorders. The volume is
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vi Series Editor Introduction
capped off by a comprehensive discussion of hyperkinetic disorders in children and
the increasing role of functional neurosurgery in the treatment of some of these
disorders. The chapters are written by a very experienced group of clinicians well
versed in the sorting out of this group of challenging conditions.
Boston, MA, USA Daniel Tarsy, MD
Foreword
In an era that increasingly leans on Evidence-Based Medicine and prioritizes the
power of technology, the role of the excellent teacher is more and more needed to
place data in the perspective of neurological expertise and compassionate patient
care. This small volume is authored by a roll-call of the most celebrated teachers
in the fi eld of movement disorders and is expertly organized by its two editors who
have a long history in neurological education. The chapters are concise and focused,
allowing clinicians to gather essential information and most importantly place the
clinical and scientifi c data in a practical patient care context. The rich video collection
that accompanies the book attests to the wide variety of patients these experts see
and treat, and the selection of cases allows the reader to focus on important distinc-
tions and nuances that only visual material can communicate. This video collection
can be found on the accompanying DVD.
With an interest in neurological history and a consciousness of this US–Canadian
collaboration, I feel it is appropriate to cite a quotation from William Osler whose
career spanned the end of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and whose
heritage likewise represented these two countries. He wrote:
The knowledge which a man can use is the only real knowledge, the only knowledge which
has life and growth in it and converts itself into practical power. The rest hangs like dust
around the brain or dries like raindrops off stones [1].
Indeed, the reader of H yperkinetic Movement Disorders will fi nd these keys to
real knowledge and its practical power will have no concerns about collecting brain
dust or raindrops.
Chicago, IL, USA Christopher G. Goetz, MD
1. Silverman ME, Murray TJ, Bryan CS. The quotable Osler. Philadelphia: American College of
Physicians Publications; 2003.
vii

Preface
Although there have been innumerable excellent books written about hypokinetic
movement disorders such as Parkinson disease, few are devoted to disorders char-
acterized predominantly by excessive movements. This edition of Hyperkinetic
Movement Disorders is directed toward clinicians, including neurologists, psychia-
trists, neurosurgeons, internists, primary care physicians, and those in training in
these disciplines, that are or wish to be involved in the clinical care of patients.
The book is organized according to specifi c disorders or syndromes, with chap-
ters written by internationally recognized experts in each area. Each chapter is orga-
nized by the individual authors in order to best highlight the salient features of the
disorder. In addition, one of the unique features of this book is that each chapter is
accompanied by video examples of the disorders. Although words provide elegant
descriptions, it is the characteristic movements of the patient that will lead to the
correct diagnosis. Despite the availability of an ever expanding number of imaging,
genetic and laboratory tests, without a complete history, competent examination,
and visual evaluation of the phenomenology, diagnosis of the hyperkinetic disorders
is almost impossible. Hence, the added video examples on DVD are an integral part
of this volume.
We would like to thank the authors of each chapter for their excellent work and
clarity. We would also like to thank the patients who allowed us to use their video-
tapes. Finally, we would like to express our appreciation to Richard Lansing from
Springer Science + Business Media and Humana Press, who has edited a series of
volumes, for his helpful suggestions and guidance.
We hope this volume will be a valuable asset to your neurology library and that
it will lead to a better understanding and recognition of the hyperkinetic movement
disorders, which in turn leads to better care for patients.
Edmonton, AB, Canada Oksana Suchowersky
Chicago, IL, USA Cynthia Comella

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