Table Of ContentHYDROGEOPHYSICS
Water Science and Technology Library
VOLUME 50
Editor-in-Chief
V. P. Singh, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, U.S.A.
Editorial Advisory Board
M. Anderson, Bristol, U.K.
L. Bengtsson, Lund, Sweden
J. F. Cruise,Huntsville, U.S.A.
U. C. Kothyari, Roorkee, India
S.E. Serrano, Philadelphia, U.S.A.
D. Stephenson, Johannesburg, South Africa
W.G. Strupczewski, Warsaw, Poland
The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.
Hydrogeophysics
Edited by
YORAM RUBIN
University of California at Berkeley,
CA, U.S.A.
and
SUSAN S. HUBBARD
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,
Berkeley, CA, U.S.A.
AC.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN-10 1-4020-3101-7 (HB) Springer Dordrecht, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York
ISBN-10 1-4020-3102-5 (e-book) Springer Dordrecht, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York
ISBN-13 978-1-4020-3101-4 (HB) Springer Dordrecht, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York
ISBN-13 978-1-4020-3102-1 (e-book) Springer Dordrecht, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York
Published by Springer,
P.O. Box 17, 3300 AADordrecht, The Netherlands.
Cover design by Yoram Rubin and Susan Hubbard. Graphics by Zhangshuan Hou.(cid:3)
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
© 2005 Springer
No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording
or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception
of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered
and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
Printed in the Netherlands.
Yoram Rubin dedicates this book to Atalya, with love
Susan S. Hubbard dedicates this book to Cahit Çoruh, for his
geophysical tutelage and lifelong influence
Acknowledgments
Hydrogeophysics was conceived as a vehicle for disseminating some of the background
and current research presented at a NATO funded Hydrogeophysics Advanced Study
Institute, which was held in the Czech Republic in 2002. We thank Philippe Baveye for
initiating the development of this Institute, NATO for funding the Institute, and
Miroslav Kobr for serving as a wonderful host for our meeting.
Thirty five authors from nine countries, who are leaders in their respective areas,
contributed to Hydrogeophysics. We are grateful to this outstanding author group for
their efforts in developing their chapters and for reviewing other chapters. We also
thank the external reviewer group, including: Alex Becker, Niels Christianson, Tom
Daley, Sander Huisman, Rosemary Knight, Zbigniew Kabala, Niklas Linde, Seiji
Nakagawa, Peter Styles, and Vitaly Zlotnik. We particularly thank Lee Slater for
reviewing several chapters within demanding timeframes.
Production of this book could not have been possible without the superb editing
provided by Daniel Hawkes. We thank Zhangshuan Hou for helping with the book
cover graphics, and Bryce Peterson for assisting with the book index. This work was
supported in part by United States' NSF grant EAR-0087802 made by the Hydrologic
ScienceDivisionandbyDOEDE-AC03-76SF00098.
Yoram Rubin and Susan Hubbard
Editors
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Dedication v
Acknowledgments vii
Background and Hydrogeology
Chapter 1. Introduction to Hydrogeophysics
Susan S. Hubbard and Yoram Rubin 3
Chapter 2. Hydrogeological Methods for Estimation of Spatial
Variations in Hydraulic Conductivity
James J. Butler, Jr. 23
Chapter 3. Geostatistics
J. Jaime Gómez-Hernández 59
Fundamentals of Environmental Geophysics
Chapter 4. Relationships between the Electrical and
Hydrogeological Properties of Rocks and Soils
David P. Lesmes and Shmulik P. Friedman 87
Chapter 5. DC Resistivity and Induced Polarization Methods
Andrew Binley and Andreas Kemna 129
Chapter 6. Near-Surface Controlled-Source Electromagnetic
Induction: Background and Recent Advances
Mark E. Everett and Max A. Meju 157
Chapter 7. GPR Methods for Hydrogeological Studies
A. Peter Annan 185
Chapter 8. Shallow Seismic Methods
Don W. Steeples 215
Chapter 9. Relationships between Seismic and Hydrological
Properties
Steven R. Pride 253
Chapter 10. Geophysical Well Logging: Borehole Geophysics
for Hydrogeological Studies: Principles
and Applications
Miroslav Kobr, Stanislav Mareš, and
Frederick Paillet 291
Chapter 11. Airborne Hydrogeophysics
Jeffrey G. Paine and Brian R.S. Minty 333
ix
x
Hydrogeophysical Case Studies
Chapter 12. Hydrogeophysical Case Studies at the
Regional Scale
Mark Goldman, Haim Gvirtzman, Max Meju, and
Vladimir Shtivelman 361
Chapter 13. Hydrogeophysical Case Studies at the Local
Scale: the Saturated Zone
David Hyndman and Jens Tronicke 391
Chapter 14. Hydrogeophysical Case Studies
in the Vadose Zone
Jeffrey J. Daniels, Barry Allred, Andrew Binley,
Douglas LaBrecque, and David Alumbaugh 413
Chapter 15. Hydrogeophysical Methods at
the Laboratory Scale
Ty P.A. Ferré, Andrew Binley, Jil Geller,
Ed Hill, and Tissa Illangase k a r e 441
Hydrogeophysical Frontiers
Chapter 16. Emerging Technologies in Hydrogeophysics
Ugur Yaramanci, Andreas Kemna, and
Harry Vereecken 467
Chapter 17. Stochastic Forward and Inverse Modeling: the
‘Hydrogeophysical Challenge’
Yoram Rubin and Susan Hubbard 487
Index 513
Background
and
Hydrogeology
1 INTRODUCTION TO HYDROGEOPHYSICS
SUSAN S. HUBBARD1 and YORAM RUBIN2
1Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Earth Sciences Division, Berkeley, CA 94720
[email protected]
2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
94720, USA
In this chapter, we discuss the need for improved hydrogeological characterization and
monitoring approaches, and how that need has provided an impetus for the
development of an area of research called hydrogeophysics. We briefly describe how
this research area has evolved in recent years in response to the need to better
understand and manage hydrological systems, provide discussions and tables designed
to facilitate navigation through this book, and discuss the current state of the emerging
discipline of hydrogeophysics.
1.1 Evolution of Hydrogeophysics
The shallow subsurface of the earth is an extremely important geological zone, one that
yields much of our water resources, supports our agriculture and ecosystems, and
influences our climate. This zone also serves as the repository for most of our
municipal, industrial, and governmental wastes and contaminants, intentional or
otherwise. Safe and effective management of our natural resources is a major societal
challenge. Contaminants associated with industrial, agricultural, and defense activities
in developed countries, the increased use of chemical pollutants resulting from the
technological development of countries with evolving market economies, the increased
need to develop sustainable water resources for growing populations, and the threat of
climate change and anthropogenic effects on ecosystem all contribute to the urgency
associated with improving our understanding of the shallow subsurface.
Many agencies and councils have recently described the pressing need to more fully
develop tools and approaches that can be used to characterize, monitor, and investigate
hydrogeological parameters and processes in the shallow subsurface at relevant spatial
scales and in a minimally invasive manner (e.g., the National Research Council, 2000;
U.S. Department of Energy, 2000; U.S. Global Change Research Program, 2001).
Recognizing this need, NATO funded a Hydrogeophysics Advanced Study Institute,
which was held in the Czech Republic in 2002. At that workshop, an international
group of researchers gathered to review advances and obstacles associated with using
geophysical methods to improve our understanding of subsurface hydrogeological
parameters and processes. This book, Hydrogeophysics, was conceived at that meeting
as a vehicle for disseminating some of the background and current research associated
with hydrogeophysics.
3
Y. Rubin and S. S. Hubbard (eds.), Hydrogeophysics,3–21.
© 2005 Springer. Printed in the Netherlands.
