Hydrogen: Production and Marketing

415 Pages·1980·8.32 MB·English

by  W. Novis Smith and Joseph G. Santangelo (Eds.)

1
0
0
6.fw Hydrogen:
1
1
0
0-
98 Production and Marketing
1
k-
b
1/
2
0
1
0.
1
oi:
d
0 |
8
9
1
6,
2
h
c
ar
M
e:
at
D
n
o
ati
c
bli
u
P

In Hydrogen: Production and Marketing; Smith, W., el al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1980.
1
0
0
w
6.f
1
1
0
0-
8
9
1
k-
b
1/
2
0
1
0.
1
oi:
d
0 |
8
9
1
6,
2
h
c
ar
M
e:
at
D
n
o
ati
c
bli
u
P

In Hydrogen: Production and Marketing; Smith, W., el al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1980.
Hydrogen:
Production and Marketing
W. Novis Smith, EDITOR
General Electric Company
Joseph G. Santangelo, EDITOR
1 Air Products & Chemicals, Inc.
0
0
w
6.f
1
1
0
0-
8
9
1
k-
b
1/
2
10 Based on a symposium
0.
1
oi:
d sponsored by the Division
0 |
8
9
1
6, of Industrial and Engineering
2
h
c
ar
M Chemistry at the ACS/CSJ
e:
at
D
n Chemical Congress, Honolulu,
o
ati
c
bli Hawaii, April 2-6, 1979.
u
P

116
ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES
AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
WASHINGTON, D. C. 1980
In Hydrogen: Production and Marketing; Smith, W., el al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1980.
1
0
0
w
6.f
1
1
0-0 Library of Congress CIP Data
8
9 Hydrogen, production and marketing.
1
k- (ACS symposium series; 116 ISSN 0097-6156)
b
1/ Includes bibliographies and index.
2
0
1 1. Hydrogen—Congresses.
10. I. Smith, William Novis, 1937- . II. Santangelo,
oi: Joseph G., 1930- . III. American Chemical Society.
d Division of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. IV.
0 | ACS/CSJ Chemical Congress, Honolulu, 1979- V.
8
9 Series: American Chemical Society. ACS symposium
1
6, series; 116.
2
h TP245.H9H9 338.4766581 80-386
arc ISBN 0-8412-0522-1 ACSMC8 116 1-416 1980
M
e:
at
D
n
o
ati
c Copyright © 1980
bli
Pu American Chemical Society

All Rights Reserved. The appearance of the code at the bottom of the first page of each
article in this volume indicates the copyright owner's consent that reprographic copies of
the article may be made for personal or internal use or for the personal or internal use of
specific clients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that the copier pay the
stated per copy fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. for copying beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend
to copying or transmission by any means—graphic or electronic—for any other purpose,
such as for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating new
collective works, for resale, or for information storage and retrieval systems.
The citation of trade names and/or names of manufacturers in this publication is not to be
construed as an endorsement or as approval by ACS of the commercial products or services
referenced herein; nor should the mere reference herein to any drawing, specification,
chemical process, or other data be regarded as a license or as a conveyance of any right or
permission, to the holder, reader, or any other person or corporation, to manufacture, repro
duce, use, or sell any patented invention or copyrighted work that may in any way be
related thereto.
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
In Hydrogen: Production and Marketing; Smith, W., el al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1980.
ACS Symposium Series
1
0
0
w M. Joan Comstock, Series Editor
6.f
1
1
0
0-
8
9
1
k-
b
1/ Advisory Board
2
0
1
0.
oi: 1 David L. Allara W. Jeffrey Howe
d
0 | Kenneth B. Bischoff James D. Idol, Jr.
8
9
1
26, Donald G. Crosby James P. Lodge
h
c
ar
M Donald D. Dollberg Leon Petrakis
e:
at
D
n Robert E. Feeney F. Sherwood Rowland
o
ati
blic Jack Halpern Alan C. Sartorelli
u
P

Brian M. Harney Raymond B. Seymour
Robert A. Hofstader Gunter Zweig
In Hydrogen: Production and Marketing; Smith, W., el al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1980.
FOREWORD
1
0
0
w
6.f The ACS Symposium Series was founded in 1974 to provide
11 a medium for publishing symposia quickly in book form. The
0
0- format of the Series parallels that of the continuing Advances
8
9
1 in Chemistry Series except that in order to save time the
k-
b papers are not typeset but are reproduced as they are sub-
1/
2
0 mitted by the authors in camera-ready form. Papers are re-
1
10. viewed underthe supervisionoftheEditors withthe assistance
oi: of the Series Advisory Board and are selected to maintain the
d
0 | integrity of the symposia; however, verbatim reproductions of
8
9
1 previously published papers are not accepted. Both reviews
6,
2 and reports of research are acceptable since symposia may
h
arc embrace both types of presentation.
M
e:
at
D
n
o
ati
c
bli
u
P

In Hydrogen: Production and Marketing; Smith, W., el al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1980.
PREFACE
'-phere has been a significant amount of literature published and a num—
ber of symposia given concerning hydrogen. However, much of this
effort and information has been without the involvement of that industrial
sector which is involved commercially in the production, utilization, and
marketing of hydrogen. The continued and active involvement of the
industrial sector in the discussions and meetings concerning the economics
and technology of hydrogen production and utilization is necessary to
1 place the current and future role of hydrogen in perspective, and to
0
0
pr underscore the technical requirements and constraints for an even greater
6.
1 role for hydrogen in new uses.
1
0
0- To this end, and as part of the ACS/CSJ Chemical Congress in
8
19 Honolulu, Hawaii, the symposium, "Production and Marketing of Hydro
k-
b gen: Current and Future" was included as part of its program activities.
1/
02 This symposium focused on both the shorter-term economics and pro
1
0. duction of hydrogen and the potential longer-term uses of hydrogen. The
1
oi: speakers who were invited to participate represented many of the leading
d
0 | firms currently involved in hydrogen production and utilization as well
8
9 as informed speakers from the more involved and knowledgeable non
1
6, commercial organizations in the hydrogen technology area. A number of
2
h
c longer-term technologies for hydrogen production also were included to
ar
M point out some of the possible technology changes that could occur.
e:
at In an effort to provide a common base for the economics of this
D
n symposium, a common list of cost assumptions was used as the basis for
o
ati most of the chapters. (This list is included as the Appendix.) This vol
c
bli ume presents this informative symposium to the larger audience who
u
P
wishes to keep current on the technology, economics, and production
relating to hydrogen.
We wish to acknowledge and thank Linda Anthony for organizing
and handling the communications regarding the symposium and this
subsequent book.
JOSEPH G. SANTANGELO W. NOVIS SMITH
Air Products & Chemicals, Inc. General Electric Company
P. O. Box 538 3198 Chestnut St.
Allentown, PA 18105 Philadelphia, PA 19101
July 12, 1979
ix
In Hydrogen: Production and Marketing; Smith, W., el al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1980.
1
0
0
pr
6.
1
1
0
0-
8
9
1
k-
b
1/
2
0
1
0.
1
oi:
d
0 |
8
9
1
6,
2
h
c
ar
M
e:
at
D
n
o
ati
c
bli
u
P

In Hydrogen: Production and Marketing; Smith, W., el al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1980.
CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS
JACK ARORA is Supervisor of Process Economics at the Institute of
Gas Technology. He contributes to process economics studies in the
evaluation of new technologies for conversion of coal, oil, shale, and
biomass to clean and useful fuels.
CHARLES R. BAKER, who holds the position of Engineering Associate
1
0 withthe Linde Division of Union Carbide Corporation, has over 30years
0
pr of experience covering a broad range of cryogenic technology and indus-
6.
1
1 trial gas processing. He earned his BS and MS degrees in chemical
0
0- engineering at Pennsylvania State University and is a member of the
8
9
k-1 American Institute of Chemical Engineers and the International Associa-
1/b tion for Hydrogen Energy.
2
0
1
0.
1
oi: MORRIS BELLER received his BChE from the Polytechnic Institute of
d
0 | Brooklyn in 1955 and his MS from the State University of New York at
8
9
1 Stony Brook in 1972. He was employed by the Linde Division of the
6,
2 Union Carbide Corporation from 1956-1959 and by the Cornell Aero-
h
arc nautical Laboratory from 1959-1962. He has been employed by Brook-
M
haven National Laboratory since 1962. Mr. Beller is involved with
e:
Dat chemical plant design, start-up, and evaluation, chemical process eco-
on nomic assessment, and technology assessment of energy-related processes
cati and equipment. Present interests are in the areas of potential impacts
ubli of energy technologies and policies and in energy contingency planning.
P

BEVERLY J. BERGER is Chairman of the U.S. DOE Hydrogen Energy
Coordinating Committee. She came to DOE as Program Manager for
the Chemical Storage Systems program from the Energy Resource
Planning Group at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. Dr. Berger, a
population geneticist, is now Policy and Planning Manager for the Bio-
mass Energy Systems Branch within the U.S. DOE.
L. J. BUIVIDAS is employed by Pullman Kellogg of Houston, TX as an
Inorganic Chemical Technology Coordinator. He is responsible for
xi
In Hydrogen: Production and Marketing; Smith, W., el al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1980.
developing new technology in order to improve the marketing position
of Pullman Kellogg in the chemical industry. He received a BS in
Chemical Engineering from Tri-State University in 1942; he also holds
a BS in Petroleum Engineering and an MS in Petroleum Refinery Engi-
neering from Tulsa University.
JORGE A. CAMPS has BS and MS degrees in Chemical Engineering
from Louisiana State University. He worked for five years with Exxon
Corporation at various U.S. and overseas locations. He joined Davy
Powergas International in 1974 and is now a Principal Process Engineer
of Synthesis Gas Processes. His most recent experience was as the Lead
Process Engineer for a 2300-STPD methanol plant for SCT in Saudi
1 Arabia. Mr. Camps is also an adjunct Professor of Chemical Engineering
0
pr0 at the University of South Florida in Tampa.
6.
1
1
0
0-
8
19 GIOVANNI CAPRIOGLIO is manager of the Materials and Chemistry
bk- Department at the General Atomic Company. He received his PhD in
1/
2 Industrial Chemistry from the University of Milan.
0
1
0.
1
oi:
d
0 | HAMPTON CORNEIL has been a senior advisor for Exxon Enterprises
8
19 Inc., an affiliate responsible for developing diversification opportunities
26, for Exxon. Since 1975, he has been concerned with opportunities in
h
arc energy conversion and storage. As a part of this effort, he has conducted
M
various studies concerned with future markets for hydrogen.
e:
at
D
n
o
cati T. A. CZUPPON is a Process Manager at Pullman Kellogg in Houston,
bli TX where he manages the preparation process design and economic
u
P
evaluations for chemical facilities, principally in the areas of ammonia
and related fertilizers, hydrogen, methanol, and synthesis gas plants. He
received his BS from C. W. Post College, Long Island University in
1966 and his MS in Chemical Engineering from New York University
in 1968.
JÜRGEN FALBE is Executive Vice President of Ruhrchemie AG, Ober-
hausen. He received his PhD in Chemistry from the University of Bonn
in 1959. His responsibilities include research and development, engi-
neering and application technologies, patents, licensing, documentation,
and environmental affairs.
xii
In Hydrogen: Production and Marketing; Smith, W., el al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1980.