Hydrocarbons and Halogenated Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment

587 Pages·1980·16.08 MB·English

by  J. P. Bruce (auth.)

Hydrocarbons
and
Halogenated Hydrocarbons
in the
Aquatic Environment
Environmental Science Research
Editorial Board
Alexander Hollaender
Associated Universities, Inc.
Washington, D.C.
Ronald F. Probstein
Massachusetts Institu te of Technology
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Bruce L. Welch
Environmental Biomedicine Research, Inc.
and
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland
Recent Volumes in this Series
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Edited by Alexander Hollaender, James C. Aller, Emanuel Epstein, Anthony San Pietro,
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AND ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTAL MIXTURES
Edited by Michael D. Waters, Stephen Nesnow, Joellen L. Huisingh,
Shahbeg S. Sandhu, and Larry Claxton
Volume 16 - HYDROCARBONS AND HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS IN
THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
Edited by B. K. Afghan and D. Mackay
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Hydrocarbons
and
Halogenated Hydrocarbons
in the
Aquatic Environment
Edited by
B.K.Afghan
National Water Research Institute
Burlington, Ontario, Canada
and
D. Mackay
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Associate Editors
H. E. Braun A. S. Y. Chau J. Lawrence D. R. S. Lean
O. Meresz J. R. W. Miles R. C. Pierce G. A. V. Rees
R. E. White D. M. Whittle D. T. Williams
PLENUM PRESS . NEW YORK AND LONDON
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
International Symposium on the Analysis of Hydrocarbons and Halogenated Hydro
carbons in the Aquatic Environment, McMaster University, 1978.
Hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons in the aquatic environment.
(Environmental science research; v. 16)
Proceedings of the symposium, held May 23-25, 1978, and organized by the
National Water Research Institute, Canada Centre for Inland Waters, and the Institute
for Environmental Studies, University of Toronto.
Includes index.
1. Hydrocarbons-Environmental aspects-Congresses. 2. Halocarbons-Environ
mental aspects-Congresses. 3. Hydrocarbons-Analysis-Congresses. 4. Halocarbons
Analysis-Congresses. 5. Water-Pollution-Environmental aspects-Congresses. I. Afgha,
B. K. II. Mackay, D. III. Canada. National Water Research Institute. IV. University of
Toronto. Institute for Environmental Studies. V. Title.
QH545.H92I54 1978 574.5'263 79-26462
ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-3619-8 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-3617-4
DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4684-3617-4
Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Analysis of Hydrocarbons
and Halogenated Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment,
held in Ontario, Canada, May 23-25,1978.
© 1980 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1980
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
227 West 17th Street, New York, N. Y. lOOll
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfJ1ming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE ANALYSIS
OF
HYDROCARBONS AND HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS
Program Committee
B.K. AFGHAN
General Chairman
D. MACKAY
Co-Chairman
B.F. Scott
Secretary and Budget Director
R. Knechtel
Arrangements
H.E. Braun A.S.Y. Chau
O. Meresz J. Lawrence
J.R.H. Miles D.R.S. Lean
R. Pierce F.I. Onuska
G.A.V. Rees D.M. \.Jhittle
G. Rosenblatt J.J. Lichtenberg
R.E. Hhite T. Meiggs
D. T. Hilliams J. McGuire
ORGANIZED
BY
National Hater Research Institute
Canada Centre for Inland Haters
Burlington, Ontario
and
Institute of Environmental Studies
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario
v
CO-SPONSORS
National Health and Welfare
Ottawa, Ontario
Water Quality Branch (Ontario Region)
Burlington, Ontario
Great Lakes Biolimnology Laboratories
Burlington, Ontario
Contaminants Control Branch, EPS
Ottawa, Ontario
Laboratory Services Branch, Ontario Ministry of Environment
Rexdale, Ontario
SUPPORTERS
Agriculture Canada
Ottawa, Ontario
Wastewater Technology Centre, EPS
Burlington, Ontario
International Joint Commission
Windsor, Ontario
National Research Council
Ottawa, Ontario
Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food
International Standards Organization
Chemical Institute of Canada, Analytical Chemistry Division
Great Lakes Fisheries Laboratory
Ann Arbor, Michigan
vi
PREFACE
This volume contains papers selected from those presented at
the International Symposium on the Analysis of Hydrocarbons and
Halogenated Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment, May 23-25, 1978.
The Symposium was organized by the National Water Research Institute
of Environment Canada and the Institute for Environmental Studies
of the University of Toronto.
The purpose of the Symposium and of this volume was to bring
together information on the analyses, behaviour and effects of hydro
carbons and halogenated hydrocarbons on the aquatic environment.
This class of contaminants presents many difficult analytical pro
blems, and to a large extent our ability to identify environmental
problems and assess their severity, depends on the availability
of proved analytical techniques. By exposing workers in this field
to the techniques and results of others we hope that progress can
be made towards solving the many problems caused by these substances.
The papers in this volume are divided into five categories:
two plenary session addresses given by J.P. Bruce and O. Hutzinger,
11 papers describing quantitative analytical results, 12 papers on
analytical methods, 9 papers on incidence, monitoring and pathways;
and finally, 13 papers on drinking water, health and biological
effects.
We were fortunate in having the support of the many organizations
and individuals listed after this preface. In particular we thank
B.F. Scott and R. Knechtel for their help in organizing the Symposium,
S. Paterson, C. Straka, B. Reuber, A. Bobra, R. Wan, S. Austin, G.E.
Toll and B. Missen for their help in publishing the proceedings, and
the session chairmen and associate editors for their help at the
Symposium and later in reviewing and assembling these proceedings.
The success of the Symposium and this volume is largely attributable
to the enthusiasm and efforts of these individuals. We are deeply
indebted to them.
B. Afghan and D. Mackay
CONTENTS
Keynote Address 1
J.P. Bruce
Hydrocarbons and Halogenated Hydrocarbons in the
Aquatic Environment: Some Thoughts on the Philosophy
and Practice of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 9
O. Hutzinger and A.A.M. Roof
The Sampling and Measurement of Hydrocarbons
in Natural Waters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
B.W. de Lappe, R.W. Risebrough, A.M. Springer,
T.T. Schmidt, J.C. Shropshire, E.F. Letterman,
and J.R. Payne
A Fast Quantitative Analysis of a Wide Variety
of Halogenated Compounds in Surface-, Drinking-,
and Groud-Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
G.J. Piet, P. Slingerland, G.H. Bijlsma,
and C. Morra
Adsorption of Insecticide Residues - ImDortance
in Environmental Sampling and Analysis . . . . 81
J.R.W. Miles
Methodology for the Isolation of Polynuclear
Aromatic Hydrocarbons for Qualitative, Quantitative,
and Bioassay Studies ............ . 91
R.F. Severson, M.E. Snook, R.F. Arrendale,
and O.T. Chortyk
Benzo(a)pyrene in the Marine Environment:
Analytical Techniques and Results .... 109
B.P. Dunn
Chromatographic and Spectral Analysis of
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Air
and Water Environments . . . . . . . . 121
M. Katz, T. Sakuma, and H. Tosine
IX
x CONTENTS
Presence and Potential Significance of
o-o'-Unsubstituted PCB Isomers and Trace
Ar~clor® 1248 and 1254 Impurities 131
D.L. Stalling, J.N. Huckine, and J.D. Petty
Analysis of Mirex in Lake Sediments:
Problems and Solutions ..... . 141
A.S.Y. Chau
Chloro-Organic Compounds in the Lower Fox River,
Wisconsin 145
P.H. Peterman, J.J. Delfino, D.J. Dube,
T.A. Gibson, and F.J. Priznar
The Determination and Levels of Polycyclic
Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Source and Treated
Waters ....• ..... 161
R.I. Crane, B. Crathorne, and M. Fielding
Multicomponent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon
Analysis of Inland Water and Sediment . . . . . 173
W.H. Griest
An Evaluation of Purging Methods for Organics
in Water ........•....... 185
K.W. Lee, R.G. Oldham, G.L. Sellman"
L.H. Keith, L.P. Provost, P.H. Lin
and D.L. Lewis
Determination of Purgeable Organics in Sediment . • • . .. 201
D.N. Speis
Analysis of Headspace Gases for Parts Per Billion
Concentrations of Volatile Organic Contaminants
in Water Samples by Gas Chromatography . . . . . 207
D.A.J. Murray
Evaluation of Analytical Techniques for Assessment
of Treatment Processes for Trace Halogenated
Hydrocarbons . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . 217
M. Pirbazari, M. Herbert, and W.J. Weber, Jr.
The Examination and Estimation of the Performance
Characteristics of a Standard Method for
Organochlorine Insecticides and PCB . . . . . . . 231
I.W. Devenish and L. Harling-Bowen
A System for the Preparation of Organohalogen
Reference Materials with Marine Lipid Matrices . . . . 255
M.D. Mackinnon, W.R. Hardstaff, and W.D. Jamieson
CONTENTS xi
Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry of
Hydrocarbons and Halohydrocarbons 265
A.G. Harrison
Identification and Quantitative Analysis of
Polychlorinated Biphenyls on WCOT Glass
Capillary Columns . . . . . . . . . . 285
F.I. Onuska and M. Comba
Automatic Analysis of Organic Pollutants in
Water Via GC/MS . . . . . . . . . . . 303
D. Beggs
Quantification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
in Marine Environmental Samples . . . . . . . . . . 315
W.J. Cretney, P.A. Christensen, B.W. McIntyre,
and B.R. Fowler
Reproductive Success of Herring Gulls as an
Indicator of Great Lakes Water Quality 337
D.B. Peakal1, G.A. Fox, A.P. Gilman,
D.J. Hallett, and R.J. Norstrom
Pesticide Monitoring in the Prairies of
Western Canada . . . . . . 345
Wm. D. Gummer
Importance of Particulate Matter on the Load
of Hydrocarbons of Motorway Runoff and
Secondary Effluents . . . . . . . . 373
F. ZUrcher, M. ThUer, and J.A. Davis
Organochlorines in Precipitation in the Great
Lakes Region . . . . . . . . . . . 387
W.M.J. Strachan, H. Huneault,
W.M. Schertzer, and F.C. Elder
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the
Marine Environment: Gulf of Maine Sediments
and Nova Scotia Soils . . . .. .... 397
R.A. Hites, R.E. Laflamme, and J.G. Windsor, Jr.
Halogenated Hydrocarbons in Dutch Water
Samples Over the Years 1969 - 1977 405
R.C.C. Wegman and P.A. Greve
A Model System for the Investigation of
Methods of Herbicide Speciation . . . . 417
R.D. Guy and D.R. Narine