Hydrocarbons and Air Pollution: An Annotated Bibliography

1175 Pages·2007·25.85 MB·English

DOCUMENT RESUME
SE 013 340
ED 059 099
Annotated
Hydrocarbons and Air Pollution; An
TITLE
and Part
Bibliography. Part I., Categories A to E
II., Categories F to M and
Indexes.
(DHEW),
National Air Pollution Control Administration
INSTITUTION
Raleigh, N.C.
NAPCA-AP-75
REPORT NO
Oct 70
PUB DATE
1,183p.
NOTE
Printing
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government
AVAILABLE FROM
volume
Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 ($5.00 per two
set)
MF-$0.65 HC Not Available from EDRS.
EDRS PRICE
Bibliographies;
*Air Pollution Control; *Annotated
DESCRIPTORS
Indexes
Ecological Factors; Environmental Influences;
Materials;
(Locaters); Pollution; *Reference
*Scientific Research
ABSTRACT
effort to
This two-part bibliography represents an
the hydrocarbons in
collect, condense, and organize the literature on
documents
relation to air pollution. The approximately 2,300
and retrieval
abstracted are all included in the information storage
Control Administration's (NAPCA)
system of the National Air Pollution
(APTIC). Most of them are
Air Pollution Technical Information Center
Abstracts are arranged in 13
from recent literature, 1959-1970.
interaction;
categories: general; emission sources; atmospheric
human health; effects
measurement methods; control methods; effects -
economic; air
livestock; effects - materials; effects -
- plants and
standards and
quality measurements; legal and administrative;
subject index, a
criteria; and basic science and technology. A
Foreign), an author
geographical location index (United States and
abstracts; they refer to the
index, and a title index follow the
number. This
abstracts by category letter and APTIC accession
and is intended
bibliography is composed only of selected references
literature.
as a balanced sample of available
(BL)
%91,4.34.
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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,
EDUCATION & WELFARE
OFFICE OF EDUCATION
THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO-
DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM
THE PERS3N OR ORGANIZATION ORIG-
INATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPIN-
IONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY
REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDU.
CATION POSITION OR POLICY
.1
RO ARBONS AND AIR POLLUTION:
NNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Part 1'; Cotogories A to E
U. S. DEPARTMENT.OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
Public Health Seri
Environmeptal Healt .;Service
V3'
HYDROCARBONS AND AIR POLLUTION:
AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
PART I
Office of Technical Information and Publications
Air Pollution Technical Information Center
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
Public Health Service
Environmental Health Service
National Air Pollution Control Administration
Raleigh, North Carolina
October 1970
Air Pollution Control Adminis-
The AP series of reports is issued by the Nat'onal
engineering studies, and information
tration to report the results of scientific and
Information reported in this series
of general interest in the field of air pollution.
of cooperative studies con-
includes coverage of NAPCA intramural activities and
research institutes, and indus-
ducted in conjunction with state and local agencies,
Copies of AP reports may be obtained upon request, as
trial organizations.
Information and Publications,
supplies permit, from the Office of Technical
1033 Wade Avenue, Raleigh, North
National Air Pollution Control Administration,
Carolina 27605.
Publication No. AP-75
National Air Pollution Control Administration
Office
For tale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Washington, D.C. 20402 Price $S per two volume set
ii
CONTENTS
PART I.
1
INTRODUCTION
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
3
A. General
19
B. Emission Sources
193
C. Atmospheric Interaction
227
D. Measurement Methods
467
Control Methods
E.
iii
HYDROCARBONS AND AIR POLLUTION:
AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
As the level of air pollution attributed to automotive ar.d stationary sources
increases, so does the necessity to extend our knowledge of hydrocarbon pollutants.
Certain hydrocarbon derivatives may have direct carcinogenic effects on lung
One of the major concerns with hydrocarbons as pollutants, however, is in
tissue.
the indirect effects attributed to their role in the formation of smog through photo-
Photochemical smog has boen associated
chemical reactions with other substances.
with plant damage, eye and respiratory tract irritation, and reduced atmospheric
visibility.
In urban areas, aerosols and exhaust gases have been found to contain not
only parafinic, aromatic, acetylenic, and olefinic hydrocarbons but also ketones,
aldehydes, phenols, alcohols, and halogenated hydrocarbons.
This bibliography represents an effort to collect, condense, and organize the
literature on the hydrocarbons in relation to air pollution.
The appro.cimately
2,300 documents abstracted here are all included in the information storage and
retrieval system of the National Air Pollution Control Administration's (NAPCA)
Air Pollution Technical Information Center (APTIC). Most of them are from
recent literature (1959-1970); however, some were written earlier in this century.
The abstracts are arranged in 13 categories listed in the table of contents.
Each category is designated by a letter of the alphabet; each abstract is designated
Since accession numbers are assigned as litera-
by its APTIC accession ntarber.
ture is received in APTIC, recent literature will more likely bear higher accession
nurnbe rs .
A subject index. a geographical location index, an author index, and a title
index follow the abstracts; they refer to the abstracts by category letter and APTIC
The author index lists the first and second authors separately; when there
number.
are two or more, the first author is indicated by an asterisk (*).
The geographical
location index has two major divisions; United States, and Foreign.
It is intended as a
This bibliography is composed of selected references.
balanced sample of available literature, and no claim of all-inclusiveness is made.
All documents abstracted herein are on file at the Air Pollution Technical
Readers outside
Information Center, 1033 Wade Avenue, Raleigh, North Carolina.
NAPCA may secure duplicates of the abstracted documents from libraries,
publishers, or from the authors .
1
A. GENERAL
00164
STATISTICS JR PARTICULATE CONTAMINANTS - SAN DIEGO COUNTY AIR
POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT (FIRST QUARTER 1966).
San
Diego Dept. of Public Health, calif. Mar. 1966.
7 pp.
First Quarter 1966 Statistics on Particulate Contaminants
San Diego County Air Pollution Control District are
presented.
Data are included on weight concentrations from high
volume filter samples, soiling indexes, and hourly
averages of
gaseous contaminants.
00233
W.L. Faith
THE NATURE, SOURCES, AND FATE OF AIR CONTAMINANTS.
J. Air
Pollution Control Assoc.
483-5, Oct. 1963.
13,
(10)
(Presented at the 56th Annual Meeting, Air Pollution Control
Association, Detroit, Mich., June 9-13, 1963.)
A brief synopsis of air pollution specifying the types of
pollutants, their habitat, the importance of aerosols and gases,
and effect of meteorology on air pollution is presented.
In
broad terms, the problem of air pollution as it relates to health
impairment is discussed.44
00599
J.J. Schueneman
THE NEW JERSEY AIR SANITATION PROGRAM - A REVIEW AND
PROPOSALS FOR THE FUTURE. 1964.
Preprint.
In order ot carry on a reasonably adequate air resource
management program which will insure a desirable air
supply for the State aad provide for continuing growth
of population, indlstry and commerce, a major expansion
of activities of the Air Sanitation Program is needed.
Major decisions concerning land and air use, degree of
control of air pollutant emissions, economics and public
welfare must be amde in the next few years.
Some of these
auto exhaust control; sulfur compound,
(for example:
nitrogen oxides and odor control; refuse disposal problems)
involve potential expenditures in the hundreds of millions of
It would be wise to spend euough money on evaluation
dollars.
/3
of the situation, effects of pollution, education of the public,
and study of control problems to provide a sound basis for
It is further essential that adequate
these decisions.
expenditures be made to implement the measures found to
While it is impossible to arrive at an
be necessary.
entirely adequate estimate on the basis of the work
done in this review, it appears that the Air Sanitation
Program should be allocated about $900,000 per year and
be staffed with about 75 people.
This amounts to about
15 cents per capita per year, based on the 1960 population.
The present budget of $190,000 per year (3 cents per capita)
is grossly inadequate.
The proposed level should be reached
in stages over a period of three years of expansion.
(Author's
abstract)**
00984
S. Tilson
Intern. Sci. Technol. No. 42:22-31, 1965.
AIR POLLUTION.
The problem and the approaches to solving it are reviewed.
Pollution sources, research, air quality criteria, the need for
controls, social attitudes, standards, photochemical reactions,
and future prospects are included.**
01073
V.G. MacKenzie
(Presented at A
AIR POLLUTION - WHOSE PROBLEM?
Preprint.
Panel Discussion on Air Pollution at the Board of
Directors Meeting, National Petroleum Refiners Association,
Washington, D.C., Sept. 20, 1965.)
The need for conservation of air as a natural resource is
discussed, with emphasis on the role of the petroleum industry.
Vats and means for improving on past patterns of conservation
effort through Federal authority under the Clean Air Act,
establishment of automotive emission standards, and application
of technology to contrcl of sulfur oxides and automotive emissions
Attention is called to the need for research
are delineated.
It is suggested
on oxides ot nitrogen and lead contamination.
that business leaders, by their leadership in research and
education, can play a significant part in alleviating environmental
hcalth problems.**
01211
J. A. Maga
AIR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA.
(California State Dept. of Public Health, Bureau of Air
California Univ., Berkeley, Inst. of
Sanitation).
Governmental Studies.
1965.
42 pp.
Author reviews the problems of air pollution in the San
Francisco Bay Area, stressing the need for effective air
HYDROCARBONS AND AIR POLLUTION
quality standards.
Topics covered in the report (all germane to
the San Francisco Area) are: Lir Pollution in the
Metropolis;
the concept of Air Nesource Management; Weather,
Topography
and the Regional Air Resource; Air Pollution and its
Effects;
Air Pollution and its Relatinship to other Regional
Problems; a regional approacn to the Control of Air Pollution;
control Programs in the Bay Area; and the outlook for
the
Bay Area.**
.01378
I. Baxter
DETERMINATION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF GASEOUS FUEL OCTANE
NUMBERS.
J. Eng. Power, Vol. 87:166-168, April 1965.
(Presented at the Oil and Gas Power Conference and
Exhibit, American Society of Mechanical Engineers,
Dallas,
Tex., Apr. 12-16, 1964, Paper No. 64-0GP-6.)
gaseous fueled engines have for many years been built without
an
undue concern for the octane number of the fuel,
as long as it
contained a substantial amount of methane.
The steady
increase in engine power ratings in recent
years has made the
determination of octane numbers on specific
gas mixtures desirable.
The introduction of turbocharging for
gas engines places further
stress on fuel quality.
A standardized apparatus and technique
for determining octane numbers of gaseous fuels in
the ASTM-CFR
knock test engine is available.
The means for making such
rating are described.
While ratings on mixtures of saturate
hydrocarbon gases can be calculated with acceptable
accuracy, the
presence of unsaturates or of antiknock additives make
an engine
test necessary.
(Author abstract)V0
01640
M. Katz
SOME ASPECTS OF THE PHISICAL AND CHEMICAL
NATURE OF AIR
POLLUTION.
World Health Organization Monograph
Ser.
(Air Pollution).
No. 46 1961.
pp. 97-158.
This chapter of the WHO Monograph reviews
works on air
pollution accomplished within the last
ten to 15 yearsh
The
subject of the physical and chemical nature
of air pollution is so
broad and covers many fields of
physics, chemistry and medicine
that only the most important works
have been highlighted.
Discussed among others were the following
problems:
The
development of improved methods and techniques
for the measurement,
separation and identification of air contaminants,
the
standardization of methods of sampling and
analysis of common air
pollutants, the application of meteorological
concepts and
diffusion theory to the study of the
dispersion of pollutants in
the atmosphere, the formation of smog.and
the prediction of
pollution levels, the development of
improved analytical
techniques, instrumentation and studies
of motor vehicle exhaust
gas composition under various operating conditions
and the
development of catalytic and other exhaust
gas system control
devices, the study of the action of sunlight
on motor vehicle and
traffic gas and of photochemical atmospheric
reaction in general,
kGeneTal
5
irradiated
health and other effects of
the determination of the
carcinogenic
the continued study of
gaseous and vapour pollutants,
and
presented in the urban environment
and other toxic substances
effects on health, and the study of
the evaluation of their
effects in connection with the
radioactive pollutants and their
nuclear energy for power and
development of industrial uses of
transportation.**
02237
J.P. Lodge
J.P. Dixon
Science
NATIONAL CONCERN.
AIR CONSERVATION REPORT REFLECTS
148, 1060-6, May 21, 1965.
economic factors, and the
Pollutants, sources, political and
formulation ot public policy is
role of scientists in the
knowledge.**
examined in the light of present
02951
A. C. Stern
De
IN THE UNITED STATES.
AIR POLLUTION AND ITS ABATEMENT
(31) G97-104,
G83-93, July 16, 1965 and 77,
Ingenieur 77,
(29)
Health
before the Dept. for Public
July 30, 1965. (Presented
Engineers, Hague,
Engineering, Royal Inst. of
Netherlands, July 3, 1964.)
smoke is no longer a major
In the United States, visible
with gases; their
Present concern is principally
problem.
the effects of both gases and
chemical reactions in the atmosphere;
animals, plants, materials and
reaction products on humans,
Considerable emphasis is placed
visibility; and their abatement.
pollution
meteorological conditions to air
on the relation of
conducive to build-up
Forecasting of weather conditions
levels.
routinely in the United States.
of pollution is now done
abatement
is conducted nationally,
Although air pollution research
seeks to
The new Federal Clean Air Act
is on local basis.
for
local agencies, and to provide
improve the effectiveness of
(Author summary)
air pollution.
Federal abatement of interstate
03058
A. P. Altshuller.
Science 151, (3714)
PHOTOCHEMICAL ASPECTS.
AIR POLLUTION:
1105-6, Mar. 4, 1966
of presentations at the
This paper gives a brief summary
which was
aspect of air pollution,
Symposium on the photochemical
Topics ranged from the
lhio.
held April 1965 in Cincinnati,
of the
the ultraviolet region
measurement of solar radiation in
of model systems in the
biological aspects of irradiation
meteorological parameters and
laboratory to the relation between
atmospheres.**
chemical effects in polluted
HYDROCARBONS AND AIR POLLUTION
6