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HYBRIDIZATION A® B®*Y®0§f OP
PASPALUM DIUTATUM POIE.
If-
I$*gi* t t i t e Bennett
A ghestait Submitted to the Graduate faculty
for the Degree of
DOCTOR m PHILOSOPHY
MiJ@F Subjects* Plant Breeding
Plant Morphology
A d ^ zb $
Dean of the Graduate College
lorn State College
1943
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UMI Number: DP12581
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UMI Microform DP12581
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INTRODUCTION ......................... I
w nm of ij-Tmmim m ..,.,.,* ...........* ...* ...... 4
s m s m s job t t s s n . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i®
mmifm If
Flowering M
Embryology uf PfaepeluBt dilat&taaa 58
Chmseeoam Count* . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Pollen Germination .................. 64
DISCUSSION ft
Flowering 7®
Embryology 75
Chromosome Numbers 74
Pollen Gemination . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
fi'JUKAJZT 78
LITERATURE CITED 10
AOteCHXKXMOHS *«**.♦****...................'•*«•»«>,*•»,*««»* 88
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M£ST Of mmm
fable X* The Average Number of* Flowers Blooming Bach
Hour in 15 Inflorescences of Pagpalmn Urvillei
Baring the Blooming Period I?
table ft» The Average Humber of flowers Blooming il&ch
Hour in 15 Inflorescences of Paspalua dilataturn
During the Blessing Period 28
fable S. the Average Jfcuaber of Flowers Blooming Bach
Hour in 15 Inflorescences of Paspalum mala-
. oophyllum During the Blooming" ''Periodr "* 20
* *7* *
fable 4*, Temperature and Humidity iieadinga at ikeh hour
During the Blooming Period of the Paspalum sp*
in Tables 1, 2 and 3 * . . . 3 0
fabl® 5* flowering of Paspaltna urvlllel on Soil at High
and Dow Moisture Levels*. Average of 10
Inflorescences **•*•**#•*••»*»*•****•*•*«.*••*•*• 36
table' 1*. Flowering of Paspalnm dilateturn on Soil a t
High and Law BeIsMMrE5v^57~*,A'writge of
. 10 Inflorescence® ****#.#«♦»*#***»♦**#********» 37
fable f* Flowering of Paspalnm malaoophyllua on Soil
at High and low Moisture Levels. Average of
10 Inflorescences m
Sable 8 Temperature and Humidity Readings at Each Hour
*
of the Blooming Period of Paspalnm sp* Before
and After Changing the natural Isolation of
Light and Darkness to Temperature and Humidity** #1
fdfet# f* The Average Humber of Flowers Blooming in 10
Inflorescences of Paspalnm sp« Before and After
Changing the Natural Delation of Light and Darkness
to Temperature and Humidity* Average of 10
Inflorescences 42
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fable The average Number of Flowers Blooming in 10
Inflorescences of P&ap&lum sp« with Constant
Temperature and where the Relative Humidity was
Reversed In Its Normal Relation to Light .*«*••• 48
fable 11* Humidity Readings at Each Hour of the Blooming
Period of Baspalum ep. after Reversal to Its Normal
Relation to Light with Temperature Constant
(70° - 80° F) after the Second Bay #
Table 18* Five-day Average of Flowering of Paspalum sp*
at Constant Humid 5.ty and Varying Temperatures . • SX
fable IS* Time (minutes) Retjuired for Blooming of
100 Florets of Paspalum dilatatum 54
fable 14* Average Per cent Pollen Gemination of Two
Selections of Paspalum dilatatum In Solution
and Agar Media- at fmp®natures from 24 to 39° C* 88
Sabi# IS* Average Per cent Pollen semination of Two
Selections of Paspalum dilatatum in Solution an#
Agar Media at Sucrose Concentrati one from 0*0
to 40.0 Per cent $f
fable 18* Average Per cent Pollen termination of Two
Selections of Paspaluia dilatatum in Soltition an#
Agar Media of pH from 4*4 to 7*0 •••*•«*•*.*••** 87
Table 17* Analysis of Variance on Pollen Geminated at
Temperatures from 24 to 59° C. and pH from
4,4 to 7,8 with Agar and Sucrose Constant 88
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1. Spikelets removed in purity determinations. f
Figure 2. Spikelets containing ergot and withstand*
in g air blast 7
Figure 3, Cross-section of 2 . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 7
Figure 4. Spikelets containing seed 7
Figure §* Cress section of 4 7
Figure 0. teed free from glumes . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7
figure 7. 'Cte€cref flowering in a panicle IS
figure &*. Sere*! flowering by hours ......... .. .. .. .. 3|
figure §* Normal flowering by days . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . If
Wk&m SO* flowering under high and low soil moisture. H
Fif**** II# Flowering by hours under high and low
soil moisture . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 40
figure It# Day reversal. Flowering by hours
m
Paspalum dilatators
ligate 13# Day reversal. Flowering by hairs
P&sp&lua urvillei 44
flptre 14#. Day reversal. Flowering by hours
Paspalum malacophyllum ******* 45
.Jlpre 18* Hourly flowering «ft*r day rererent ...#»•• 47
figure 18* Time of initiation of flowering at
different temperatures .......... 12
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PUT& IS* MaefaaN0r .i%sp,lua dtiatstiaa*
Figure 17* Zygote 8 hours after pollination x 380 *** if
Figures 18, 19 and SO* Proembryos 12 hours after
pollination x 560 *••*•*.**.*«•*••...,.,.* 09
ftgvmI 81* Pro&wbryo 24 hours after pollination show
ing rounded nature x 275 ............ 59
Fipnw tt* Proeribryo beginning, to lengthen 36 hours
after pollination x 216 ••*••••.•*.*••..*« 59
Figmm HI* Proembryo 48 hours after pollination*
Hot® cellular endosperm x 220 ***•*•«*•*•• 59
figure Wk* Proetibryo 60 hours after pollination
x mo ft
Figure 26* Embryo 72 hoars after pollination showing
a preliminary step in initiation of the
axis x 200 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 59
F%»ni 26* Four-day old embryo* Ihe posterior lobe
has differentiated x 245 69
Figure 27* Itnferyo S days after pollination showing
distinct ooleoptile priraordia and plumule
growing point* The radicle begins to
differentiate at this stage x 200 *•»«.... 59
Flgor* 98*. Embryo 6 days after pollination showing
rapid growth of ooleoptile and the distinct
seedling leaf primordia x 100 **#*##**#**# 60
Figure 29* Mature embryo 18 days after pollination
x io o ..**...*............ m
Figure 90* Cross-section of a 6 day embryo showing
seedling leaf and ooleoptile around the
plumule growing point x 115 ••••*.•..*•*•• 59
Cross-section of a 14 day old embryo show
ing the seedling; leaf and the initiation
of another leaf prlmordiiaa x 00 H0
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SalUx grass (Paspalum dilatatum fair*) hat proton to be on®
Of the west valuable pasture and hay plants for tfc» gouthemhem tta%«S-»
■It has more desirable characteristics titan *Hd* -ath** commonly used
pasture grasses, Bermuda (Cynodon daetylon (L) *er»*); mad Garpet
(Axxmopas compressus (Smarts) Beauv,), It produce* assy basal leaves
Which, following gmting sr -ircnghh* mb# a rapid It i«
the first gmmm to begin growth in the spring, raafces continuous growth
during wwem wmthsf# is not injured by »#d«*mt® frosts* and is the last
gtwi* to bs««*» i#JWa*fe in 'the fall* tts bunch habit of growth wales
it »@w» adapted to aesoelatod growth with 'pasture legumes 'and. also
pswrnataa i t imm. h-mowing a pest la field#- that are to be rotated*
It Is wire tolerant to excessive so il moisture and* a t -the same tisw*
more drought and heat resistant. It grow# m il on a ll soils- --except
the extremely sandy ones, and is the basic »n®wsr grass reecHmsnded
for permnent pastures In Mississippi*
®ad»siwsble eltsrmttes&stiss of M ils grass -«?« low seed- produc
tion and complete susceptibility .to «*> ergot, Glavisepa pas pa 11
(Stsvws and H all), 3h» total lash- of di-seas*' resistance nullifies
say -s#l«oti«i tom rft high *®od She ■ wdtoi of such selec
tions Is In th eir use as parents in hybridization*
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