Table Of ContentOUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,8/4/2019,SPi
HUNGER IN WAR AND PEACE
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,13/4/2019,SPi
OXFORD HISTORICAL MONOGRAPHS
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OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,8/4/2019,SPi
Hunger in War
and Peace
Women and Children in Germany,
–
1914 1924
MARY ELISABETH COX
1
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3
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For my parents, who are very good.
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Acknowledgements
Inthisefforttobetterunderstandthelivingconditionsofwomen,children,
and other vulnerable German non-combatants during the First World
War,IamgratefultomydoctoraladvisorProfessorDeborahOxley,who
helped me with my dissertation and an article I published earlier in the
Economic History Review. I was strongly encouraged by a prize that the
RoyalHistoricalSocietyawardedforthatarticle.IamgratefultoProfessor
Avner Offer who graciously shared with me his ideas on black markets
duringthewar,andhispersonalarchiveofscholarlymaterials.Ithankmy
editors,ProfessorPatriciaClavinandCathrynSteele,theOxfordHistorical
Monographs Editorial Committee, Priyanka Swansi and Amanda Anstee
and the entire editorial team at Oxford University Press, as well as the
externalreviewerofthemanuscript,ProfessorJayWinter,fortheirsugges-
tions and encouragement. Several colleagues also kindly read and com-
mentedonlaterdraftsofpartsofthisbookincludingDrGeorgeH.Nash
and Sir Professor Hew Strachan. Finally, I wish to thank Professor Jane
Humphries, who read and commented on the entire book before it was
senttobepublished.Iamsincerelygratefulfortheirgenerosity.
Manythankstothearchivistsandlibrarianswhowentoutoftheirway
to assist me: Michael Athanson (Bodleian Special Collections and Maps,
Oxford),MarkEccleston(CadburyResearchLibrarySpecialCollections,
Birmingham),BorghildNiemannandDagmarBouziane(Staatsbibliothek
zuBerlin),EusebioLocatelli(StaatsbibliothekzuBerlin,Zeitungsabteilung),
Claudia Hinze and Olaf Hillert (Stadtarchiv Leipzig), Ute Krepper
(Deutsches Hygiene-Museum, Dresden), Heide Haarländer (Universität
Rostock), Fabrizio Bensi (Archives of the International Committee of
the Red Cross, Geneva), Grant Mitchell (International Federation of Red
CrossandRedCrescentSocietiesArchives,Geneva),archivistsatArchives
d’État de Genève, Don Davis (American Friends Service Committee,
Philadelphia), Matt Schaeffer, Lynn Smith, Spencer Howard, and Tom
Schwartz (Hoover Presidential Library, West Branch, Iowa), Eric Wakin,
Maciej Siekierski, Linda Bernard, Daniel Jarvis, Paul Thomas, Carol
Leadenham, and Sarah Patton (Hoover Institution Library and Archives,
Stanford), Ingrid Berg (Kungliga biblioteket, Stockholm), Dan Jibréus
(Hagströmerbiblioteket, Karolinksa Intitutet, Stockholm), and Clifton
Wennerström(CarolinaRediviva,Uppsala).
I thank the Economic History Society, the Economic History Associ-
ation, the German History Society, the Royal Historical Society, the
E.O. James Bequest All Souls College, the History Project and the
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Acknowledgements vii
InstituteforNewEconomicThinking,theArnoldBryceandReadTrust,
theEuropaeum,StAntony’sCollege,andtheJohnFellFundforfunding
my research, as well as the History Faculty at the University of Oxford.
I also thank the Hoover Institution at Stanford University for a Visiting
Fellowship, Brasenose College, Oxford for a William Golding Junior
Research Fellowship in the Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, and
theBritishAcademyforaPostdoctoralFellowshipforOutstandingEarly
CareerScholars.
Finally, I wish to thank my family for their encouragement and sup-
port.Ilovethemverymuch.
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OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,8/4/2019,SPi
Contents
ListofFigures xi
ListofPlates xv
ListofTables xvii
Introduction 1
1. TheFirstWorldWarandtheBlockadeofGermany,
1914–1919 17
2. GermanResponsestoFoodScarcity 65
3. NutritionalDeprivationinUrbanLeipzig 85
4. WereRuralGermansBetterOffThanUrbanCitizens
DuringtheWar?TheCaseofStraßburg 135
5. NutritionalDeprivationofChildrenAcrossGermany 171
6. ArmisticeandBlockade:November1918–July1919 205
7. NutritionalDeprivationaftertheFighting:
November1918–July1919 241
8. FromBlockadetoAid:July1919–1924 275
9. GermanChildren’sResponsetoAid 339
Epilogue 367
Index 373
