Humanitarian hypocrisy : civilian protection and the design of peace operations

284 Pages·2017·1.498 MB·English

by  Andrea L. Everett

Humanitarian Hypocrisy

Humanitarian
Hypocrisy
Civilian Protection and the
Design of Peace Operations
Andrea L. Everett
Cornell University Press
Ithaca and London
Copyright © 2017 by Cornell University

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First published 2017 by Cornell University Press
Printed in the United States of America

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Everett, Andrea L., 1982– author.
Title: Humanitarian hypocrisy : civilian protection and the design of
peace operations / Andrea L. Everett.
Description: Ithaca : Cornell University Press, 2017. | Includes
bibliographical references and index.
Identifi ers: LCCN 2017028028 (print) | LCCN 2017028885 (ebook) |
ISBN 9781501714818 (pdf) | ISBN 9781501714726 (r) |
ISBN 9781501715471 | ISBN 9781501715471 (cloth : alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: War relief—Case studies. | Peacekeeping forces—
Case studies. | Humanitarian assistance—Case studies. |
International relief—Case studies.
Classifi cation: LCC HV639 (ebook) | LCC HV639 .E94 2017 (print) |
DDC 341.5/84—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017028028

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Contents
List of Figures and Tables vii
Acknowledgments ix
Abbreviations xiii
Introduction: Civilian Protection and the Design of
Peace Operations 1
1. Devil in the Details: Assessing Mission Design
and State Policy 21
2. Political Will, Organized Hypocrisy, and
Ambitions-Resources Gaps 41
3. Quantitative Evidence 69
4. France in Rwanda 103
5. The United States in Darfur 137
6. Australia in the Southwest Pacifi c 169
Conclusions and Implications 199
Appendix A: The Data 213
Appendix B: Statistical Tests 219
Notes 223
Index 261
v

Figures and Tables
Figures
1.1 Spectrum of protection goals 26
1.2 Representing protection 33
2.1 Predicting contribution types 62
3.1 Distribution of contributions 76
3.2 Contribution type by CE news coverage and operational
environment 85
3.3 Predicted probabilities, model 1 90
3.4 Predicted probabilities, model 2 92
3.5 Predicted probabilities, model 3 93
4.1 Weekly Le Monde and l ’Humanité coverage of Rwanda,
March 6–July 2, 1994 119
5.1 Monthly U.S. newspaper coverage of Darfur, 2004–7 150
6.1 Monthly SMH coverage of East Timor, 1999 181
6.2 Daily SMH coverage of East Timor, September 1999 182
6.3 Monthly SMH coverage of Aceh, 1999–2004 194
Tables
1.1 A protection typology 35
3.1 Correlation coeffi cients— CE news coverage and political ties 80
3.2 Means of CE news coverage and operational environment ,
by contribution type 83
vii
FIGURES AND TABLES
3.3 Effect of a change in CE news coverage , model 1 91
3.4 Effect of a change in CE news coverage , model 2 93
3.5 Effect of a change in CE news coverage , model 3 94
3.6 Effect of changes in control variables, model 2 96
3.7 Effect of changes in control variables, model 3 96
3.8 Effect of changes in contribution decade and CE news
coverage , model 4 98
A.1 Post–Cold War complex humanitarian emergencies and
peace operations 213
A.2 Components of operational environment 215
A.3 Control variables 216
B.1 Multinomial logits, contribution type 220
B.2 Summary statistics 222
B.3 Multinomial logit, contribution type (restricted sample) 222
viii
Acknowledgments
T he idea for this book fi rst began to take shape in 2008. At the time it re-
sembled a jigsaw puzzle: there were many interesting pieces, but it was
hard to see how they would all fi t together. Since then I have benefi ted from
the guidance and advice of many generous people. To everyone who has
supported me in the process of turning my early ideas into a cohesive proj-
ect, it is a tremendous privilege to be able to say thank you.
T his book would never have gotten off the ground without the patient
mentoring and support of my outstanding advisers at Princeton. Bob
Keohane consistently delivered feedback that was speedy, copious, and
laser-focused on the central issues. For this, and for his enthusiastic help
and encouragement, I am deeply grateful. Chris Achen once told me that if
I took on this project, I would suffer. As with so many things, he was right.
Yet despite clearly foreseeing the obstacles, Chris always supported what I
wanted to do and made clear that he thought I could do it. Nothing was
more important in giving me the confi dence to persevere during diffi cult
moments. For his steadfast support and friendship, I cannot thank him
enough. Jay Lyall offered extremely helpful advice about conducting fi eld-
work, building a dataset, and fi nding relevant data sources. His input at the
start of the project, when there were so many big decisions to be made, was
especially critical.
Many others dedicated substantial time and energy to helping me im-
prove this book. I received excellent advice at a manuscript workshop in
2014, hosted by Thomas Weiss and the Ralph Bunche Institute for Interna-
tional Studies at the City University of New York. Michael Barnett, Page
Fortna, Michael Gilligan, Marina Henke, Bob Keohane, Paul Romita, and
Taylor Seybolt each traveled to CUNY for the workshop and read the entire
ix