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Human Sexuality
From Cells to Society
Martha S. Rosenthal
Florida Gulf Coast University
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Human Sexuality: From Cells to Society © 2013 Wadsworth, Cengage Learning
Martha S. Rosenthal
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Printed in Canada
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 15 14 13 12 11
This book is for
Barbara Soloff Rosenthal
(June 21, 1936–December 17, 2007)
and
Charles H. Press
(March 20, 1933–February 8, 2010)
about the author
Martha S. Rosenthal began her edu- disciplines influence each other. She has spent a lifetime in multi-
cational journey studying drugs. She disciplinary study and identifies with Robert Browning’s Last
now studies sex and suspects that rock Duchess—“she liked whate’er she looked on, and her looks went
‘n’ roll is next. Dr. Rosenthal is a profes- everywhere”—(with a different context and hopefully a better out-
sor of physiology at Florida Gulf Coast come). In addition, Dr. Rosenthal guides students to critically ana-
University, where she teaches Human lyze and evaluate the information they encounter. Dr. Rosenthal
Sexuality, Human Physiology, Neuro- has received several awards, including teacher of the year at both
science, and Drugs and Society and the University of Florida and at Florida Gulf Coast University, and
coteaches Interdisciplinary Issues in she has been recognized as one of the 20 most influential people
Gender. She received her bachelor’s on the campus of FGCU. Her mother would like it mentioned that
degree in biology from the University of she played violin at Carnegie Hall when she was 9 years old.
Virginia, her master’s degree in neuro- Dr. Rosenthal is also the coauthor of Discoveries in Human Systems
pharmacology from Brown University, (North Carolina: Hunter, 2004). In addition to textbooks, she has
and her PhD in neuroscience from UCLA. Dr. Rosenthal taught written articles on the physiology of sleep and on the use of games
her first human sexuality class more than 10 years ago and was in the classroom. Dr. Rosenthal has presented on issues of teach-
instantly hooked. Her educational passion is to encourage open ing human sexuality at national and international conferences.
and honest communication about sexuality. Dr. Rosenthal also When not writing, Dr. Rosenthal enjoys reading, working out,
believes that no topic can be understood in a vacuum and that all watching movies, and spending time with family and friends.
iv /
brief contents
1 Introduction to Sexuality
2
2 Evaluating Studies of Sexuality
28
3 Male Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology
48
4 Female Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology
70
5 Sex and Gender
100
6 Sexual Response
128
7 Attraction, Dating, and Hooking Up
160
8 Love
184
9 Committed Relationships and Communicating With Your Partner
204
10 Sexual Orientation
232
11 Consensual Sexual Behavior
260
12 Contraceptive Choices and Ending Pregnancy
288
13 Conception, Pregnancy, and Birth
320
14 Sexually Transmitted Infections
354
15 Variations in Sexual Behavior
384
16 Sexual Coercion and Violence
404
17 Sex for Sale
434
/ v
contents
1
Introduction to Sexuality
2 Studying Sexuality Across the Life Span 38
Studying Cross-Cultural Sexuality 39
From Cells to Society/Culture & Human Sexuality: Cross-
Why a Course on Human Sexuality? 4
Cultural Studies of Adolescent Sexuality 40
Where Have You Learned About Sex? 4
How Will You Guarantee That Your Study Is Safe and
Sex Actually: Sexual Knowledge Test 5
Ethical? 40
What Is Normal? 6 How Will You Ensure the Validity of Your Results? 41
Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary Sex Actually: Stanley Milgram’s Study on Obedience 42
Approach 6
Critical Evaluation: Comparison of Findings in Two
Biology 7
Sexuality Surveys 43
Sociobiology/Evolutionary Psychology 8
Psychology 9 Critically Evaluating Studies of Sexuality 43
Historical Perspectives of Sexuality 10 Consider the Quality of the Research 43
Critical Evaluation 12 Recognize Underlying Value Assumptions 44
Evaluate the Strength of the Argument 44
Religion, Spirituality, and Values 12
Culture and Society 15 Sex Actually: Critical Thinking Quiz 46
From Cells to Society/Anthropology & Human Sexuality:
Using Your Critical Thinking Skills 46
Liminal Experiences 16
Chapter Summary 47
Anthropology 17
Additional Resources 47
Language 17
Media 18
From Cells to Society/Language & Human Sexuality:
The Naming of the Screw 19 3 Male Reproductive Anatomy
Sex Education 21 and Physiology
48
What Should Be Taught? 21
When Should Sex Education Begin? 21
External Anatomy 50
Who Should Be Responsible for Sex Education? 22
The Penis 50
Abstinence-Only Education 23
Sex Actually 50
Sexuality Education Across the Life Span 25
The Scrotum 53
Chapter Summary 26
Sex Actually: Penis Piercings 55
Additional Resources 26
Internal Anatomy 56
Components of the Testes 56
2 Evaluating Studies The Ejaculatory Pathway 57
The Seminal Glands 57
of Sexuality
28 Hormones 58
What Is a Hormone? 58
How Do We Know What We Know About Sex? 30 Hormones That Affect the Male Body 59
Sex Researchers Through History 30 Factors That Affect Testosterone Levels 59
Sexologists Today 32
From Cells to Society/Biology & Human Sexuality: The Role of
Political Issues in Sex Research 32
Testosterone on Aggression 60
Investigating Human Sexuality 33
Sperm 62
What Exactly Are You Investigating? 33
Who Are You Studying? 33 Critical Evaluation: Does ’Roid Raid Exist? 63
How Will You Find Your Answer? 35 Spermatogenesis 64
Sex Actually: Research and Human Sexuality 36
Male Reproductive Health Issues 65
Conditions That Can Affect the Penis 65
vi /
