Human Sexuality: An Encyclopedia

662 Pages·26.297 MB·English

by  Vern L. Bullough, Bonnie Bullough, Alice M. Stein

HUMAN
SEXUALITY
An Encyclopedia
Edited by
Vern L. Bullough
and
Bonnie Bullough
Routledge
Taylor ٤، Francis Croup
NEW YORK AND LONDON
First published 1994 by Garland Publishing, Inc.
This edition published 2013 by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon 0X14 4RN
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group,
an informa business
Copyright © 1994 Vern L. Bullough and Bonnie Bullough
All rights reserved
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Human sexuality : an encyclopedia /edited by Vern L. Bullough and
Bonnie Bullough.
p. cm. — (Garland reference library of social science ; vol.
685)
ISBN 0-8240-7972-8 (alk. paper)
1. Sex—Dictionaries. I. Bullough, Vern L. II. Bullough,
Bonnie. III. Title: Human sexuality. IV. Series: Garland reference
library of social science ; v. 685.
HQ9.H846 1994
306.7’03—dc20 93-32686
CIP
H U M A N S E X U A L IT Y
Garland Reference Library of Social Science
(Vol. 685)
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To Our Contributors and Colleagues
in the Field of Human Sexuality
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Contents
Introduction ix
Advisory Editors and Contributing Editors xi
Authors xiii
The Encyclopedia 1
Appendix 607
Index 619
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Introduction
The purpose of an encyclopedia is to gather in This is not the first set of volumes to claim
one place information that otherwise would be the title of encyclopedia of human sexuality.
difficult to find. By its very nature, however, an Only two claimants to the title, however, would
encyclopedia can never be complete because meet our definition of encyclopedia. The first is
information keeps changing and new interpreta- the one-volume Encyclopedia Sexualis (1936),
tions emerge. We did, however, try to make the edited by Victor Robinson, and the second is
encyclopedia as comprehensive as possible, and the two-volume Encyclopedia of Sexual Behavior
we have gathered together approximately 100 (1961), edited by Albert Ellis and Albert
contributors, who have collectively turned out Abarbanel. Robinson was a pioneer sexologist
over 200 articles. We tried to select the indi- in the United States, while Ellis and Abarbanel
viduals who were experts in their field, and all were major figures in sexology in the 1960s.
the contributors met the scholarly and scientific Though most of the contributors to the Ellis and
standards we tried to set. In some cases, we de- Abarbanel volumes are dead, a handful are still
liberately sought out younger scholars to diver- active, and some of them—such as John Money
sify the points of view represented. and Ira Reiss—contributed to this work. We are
We believe the articles are authoritative and proud to follow in the footsteps of Robinson,
reflect a variety of viewpoints. This is natural, Ellis, and Abarbanel.
since the contributors come from a wide range This current work includes articles on many
of disciplines—from nursing to medicine, from of the same topics found in the two earlier ency­
biology to history—and include sociologists, psy- clopedias, but a surprising number of topics in­
chologists, anthropologists, political scientists, lit- cluded here were not listed by them because
erary specialists, academics and nonacademics, new research has broadened our knowledge.
clinicians and teachers, researchers and general- Those interested in the history of sex and the
ists. Our task was made somewhat easier than we changing nature of sex research can judge the
originally anticipated because after our work on pace of developments in understanding human
this encyclopedia started, A Descriptive Dictionary sexuality by comparing what was said 60 years
and Atlas of Sexology (1991) was published. Edi- ago in the Robinson encyclopedia or 30 years
tors Robert T. Francoeur, Timothy Perper, and ago in the Ellis and Abarbanel volumes with
Norman A. Scherzer took as their task brief defi- what is said now. Albert Ellis was one of the
nitions of many of the sexual phenomena on founders of the then newly formed Society for
which we had originally planned articles. Their the Scientific Study of Sex (SSSS), and its early
book allowed us to concentrate on longer ar- members contributed significantly to his volume,
ticles and major issues (which include many of as current members of the SSSS and other sex
the sexual phenomena), and it should be re- groups such as SIECUS and AASECT contrib-
garded as an additional reference work in this uted to this encyclopedia.
field.
ix