Table Of ContentTHIRD EDITION
AN INTEGRATED APPROACH
Dee
Unglaub
Silverthorn
Top Ten Ways to Word Roots for Physiology
Succeed in Classes that
a- or an- without; absence hypo- beneath or deficient
Use Active Learning
anti- against inter- between
ase signifies an enzyme intra- within
auto self -itis inflammation of
By Marilla Svinicki, Ph.D., Director bi two kali- potassium
University ofTexas Center for Teaching Effectiveness brady slow leuko- white
cardio- heart
lipo- fat
Make the switch from an authority-based concep- cephalo- head lumen inside of a hollow tube
cerebro- brain
tion of learning to a self-regulated conception of -lysis split apart or rupture
learning. Recognize and accept your own responsi- contra- against macro- large
-crine a secretion
bility for learning. micro- small
crypt- hidden
mono- one
^% Be willing to take risks and go beyond what is pre- cutan- skin multi- many
-cyte or cyto- cell
sented in class or the text. myo- muscle
de- without, lacking
oligo- little, few
^\ Be able to tolerate ambiguity and frustration in the di- two para- near, close
dys- difficult, faulty
interest of understanding. patho-, -pathy related to
-elle small
disease
-emia blood
^J See errors as opportunities to learn rather than fail- peri- around
endo- inside or within
ures. Be willing to make mistakes in class or in study poly- many
epi- over
groups so that you can learn from them. post- after
erythro- red
o exo- outside pre- before
Engage in active listening to what's happening in pro- before
extra- outside
class. gastro- stomach pseudo- false
o -gen, -genie produce re- again
Trust the instructor's experience in designing class ac- gluco-, glyco- sugar or sweet retro- backward or behind
tivities and participate willingly if not enthusiastically. hemi- half semi- half
hemo- blood sub- below
^M
Be willing to express an opinion or hazard a guess. hepato- liver super- above, beyond
homo- same supra- above, on top of
fl
Accept feedback in the spirit of learning rather than hydro- water tachy- rapid
as a reflection of you as a person. hyper- above or excess trans- across, through
^£ Prepare for class physically, mentally, and materially
(do the reading, work the problems, etc.).
Provide support for your classmate's attempts to
learn. The best way to learn something well is to
tea< h it to someone who doesn't understand.
Dr. Dee's Eleventh Rule:
DON'TPANH .'.' Pushing yourself beyond the comfort zone
is scary, but you have to do it in order to improve.
What "An Integrated Approach"?
Is
One ofthe key themes in this book is that the body is an integrat- manyprocessesthat keepthe systemsworking. Youwill find many
ed set of systems. One of your tasks as you study will be to con- features here that are designed to help you develop this integrated
struct for yourselfthis global view ofthebody, its systems, and the view by learning to analyze, synthesize, and evaluate information.
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Human
^
Physiology
AN
INTEGRATED APPROACH
THIRD EDITION
Dee
Unglaub
Silverihorn, Ph.D.
University of Texas - Austin
WITH
William
C. Ober, M.D.
Illustration Coordinator
Claire W. Garrison, R.N.
Illustrator
Andrew
C. Silverthorn, M.D.
Clinical Consultant
WITH CONTRIBUTIONS BY
Bruce R. Johnson, Ph.D.
Cornell University
e
PEARSON
Ber\jamin
Cummings
SanFrancisco Boston NewYork
CapeTbwn HongKong London Madrid MexicoQty
Montreal Munich Paris Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto
Publisher: Daryl Fox
Executive Editor: Leslie Berriman
Development Manager: Claire Brassert
DevelopmentEditor: Anne A. Reid
Associate ProjectEditor: Ziki Dekel
Editorial Assistant: Michael Roney
Executive Producer: Lauren Fogel
Media ProjectEditor: Kim Neumann
Art andDesign Coordinator: Melissa Morgan
Photo Researcher: Travis Amos
Textand CoverDesign:Jim Gibson
Production Coordination: Elm Street Publishing Services, Inc.
Compositor: Prepare/Emilcomp
Manufacturing Buyer: Stacey Weinberger
Executive MarketingManager: Lauren Harp
CoverPhoto: HenryS. Lucid, M.D.
Credits can be found onpage 878.
ISBN 0-8053-5957-5
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings, 1301 Sansome St.,
San Francisco, CA 94111. All rights reserved.
Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Silverthorn, Dee Unglaub, 1948-
Human Physiology: an integrated approach / Dee Unglaub Silverthorn; with William C.
Ober, illustration coordinator, Claire W. Garrison, illustrator, Andrew C. Silverthorn,
clinical consultant; with contributions by Bruce R. Johnson,
cm
p.
Includes index
ISBN 0-8053-5957-5 (alk. paper)
Human
1. physiology. 1. Title
QP34.5.S55 2004
612—dc21 2003052278
2 3 4 5 6 7—VHC—07 06 05 04
e
PEARSON
Bor\jamin
Cummings
www.aw-Ik .umii
Contents
in Brief
mPREFnACEammmm IX UNIT 3
i
Integration of Function
Basic Cell Processes:
Integration and Coordination J^ Cardiovascular Physiology 448
»
Introduction to Physiology fi/oocf F/ow And the Control
of Blooa Pressure 490
^
Atoms, Ions, and Molecules 20 Blood 523
w- Cells and Tissues 50 Mechanics ofBreathing 546
k- Cellular Metabolism 84 Gas Exchange and Transport 574
*• Membrane Dynamn 124 The Kidneys 598
s
^
Communication, Integration, Integrative Physiology II:
^T and Homeostasis 171 Flunl and Electrolyte Balance 625
UNIT 4
UNIT
2
Metabolism, Growth, and Aging
Homeostasis and Control
T^
Digestion 659
Introduction to the Endocrine System 208
^
> Metabolism iind Energy Balance 695
Neurons:
Cellular and Network Properties 239
^ Endocrine Control ofGrowth
The Central Nervous System 284 and Metabolism 726
The Immune System 751
^y Sensory Physiology 321
Integrative Physiology III: Exercise 782
Efferent Division: Autonomic
anil Somatic Motor Control 369 ^
Reproduction and Development 796
Muscles 389
APPENDIX A: Physics and Math 835
Integrative Physiology I: APPENDIX B: Genetics 838
Control ofBody Movement 428 APPENDIX C: Anatomical Positions ofthe Body 842
GLOSSARY [ND] \ 843
CREDITS
ill
About the Illustrators
Art Coordinator and Illustrator DR. WILLIAM C. OBER studied
as an undergraduate at Washington and Lee University and ob-
tained an M.D. from the UniversityofVirginia in Charlottesville.
In addition to his medical school education, he studied in the
Department ofArt as Applied to Medicine atJohns Hopkins Uni-
versity. After graduation, Dr. Ober completed training as a resi-
dent in family practice. He is now an instructor in the Division of
Sports Medicine at the University of Virginia. During the sum-
About the Author
mer, he teaches biological illustration at Shoals Marine Laborato-
DEE UNGLAUB SILVERTHORN studied biology as an un- ry, where he is part of the core faculty. Dr. Ober's professional life
dergraduate at Tulane University and went on to earn a Ph.D. now focuses on medical and scientific illustration.
in marine science at the University of South Carolina. Her re- Illustrator CLAIRE W. GARRISON chose to make med-
search interest is epithelial transport, and work in her labora- ical illustration her career after almost two decades as a pedi-
tory currently focuses on transport properties of the chick atric and obstetric nurse. After receiving a degree in art from
allantoic membrane. She began her teaching career in the Mary Baldwin College, she became Dr. Ober's associate in
Physiology Department at the Medical University of South 1986. Ms. Garrison is also a core faculty member at Shoals.
Carolina but over the years has taught a wide range of stu- The texts illustrated by Dr. Ober and Ms. Garrison have won
dents, from medical and college students to those still prepar- numerous awards from groups including the following: Asso-
ing for higher education. At the University of Texas she ciation of Medical Illustrators (Award of Excellence); Chicago
lectures in physiology, coordinates student laboratories in Book Clinic (Award for Art and Design); Printing Industries
physiology, and instructs graduate students in a course on de- of America (Award of Excellence); the Society of Academic
veloping teaching skills in the life sciences. She has substantial Authors (Talbot Prize) and Bookbinders West. They have also
experience with active learning in the classroom and has given received the Art Director's Award.
workshops on this subject at regional, national, and interna-
tional conferences. Dee is currently editor-in-chief ofAdvances About the Clinical Consultant
in Physiology Education and past-chair of the Teaching Section ANDREW C. SILVERTHORN, M.D. is a physician in private
of the American Physiological Society. She works with mem- practice in Austin, Texas. He is a graduate of the United States
bers of the International Union of Physiological Sciences to Military Academy (West Point), served in the Infantry in Viet-
improve physiology education in developing countries. She is nam, and upon his return entered medical school at the Medical
also ,i member of the Human Anatomy and Physiology Society, University Of South Carolina in Charleston, lie completed his
the Society for Comparative and Integrative Biology, the Asso- family practice residency at the University ol Texas Medical
ciation for Biology laboratory Education, and the Societx fol Branch, ( lalveston, where he was duet resident, and he is board-
( College Sc ience Teaching. Her tree time is spent creating multi- certified by the American Board ol Family Practice. When \nd\
media fiber art and enjoying the Texas hill country with her is not busy sccmg patients he maj he found on the golt course,
husband, Andy, and their three dogs. playinggolfor runningwiti his chocolate lab. l >n\\ Godiva.
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