Human Muscles and Anatomy Muscle Tissue & Physiology

64 Pages·2016·2.4 MB·English

PowerPoint® Lecture Slides
Elaine N. Marieb
prepared by Vince Austin,
Katja Hoehn
Bluegrass Technical
and Community College
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P A R T A
Muscles and
Human
Anatomy Muscle Tissue
& Physiology
SEVENTH EDITION
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Muscle Overview
The three types of muscle tissue are cardiac,
(cid:1)
smooth and skeletal
These types differ in structure, location, function,
(cid:1)
and means of activation
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Anatomy Review: Skeletal Muscle Tissue, page 3
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Muscle Function
Skeletal muscles are
(cid:1)
responsible for all locomotion,
plus to maintain posture,
stabilize joints, and generate
heat.
Cardiac muscle is responsible
(cid:1)
for pushing the blood through
the body
Smooth muscle helps maintain
(cid:1)
blood pressure, and squeezes or
propels substances (i.e., food,
feces) through organs
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Muscle Similarities
Skeletal and smooth muscle cells are elongated
(cid:1)
muscle fibers
and are called
Muscle contraction depends on two kinds of
(cid:1)
aaaaccccttttiiiinnnn aaaannnndddd
myofilaments –
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Muscle terminology is similar
(cid:1)
Sarcolemma – muscle plasma membrane
(cid:1)
Sarcoplasm – cytoplasm of a muscle cell
(cid:1)
Prefixes – myo, mys, and sarco all refer to muscle
(cid:1)
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Occurs only in the heart
(cid:1)
Is striated like skeletal
(cid:1)
muscle but is not voluntary
Contracts at a fairly steady rate
(cid:1)
set by the heart’s pacemaker
Neural controls allow the
(cid:1)
heart to respond to
changes in bodily needs
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Smooth Muscle Tissue
Found in the walls of hollow visceral organs,
(cid:1)
such as the stomach, urinary bladder, and
respiratory passages
Forces food and other substances through internal
(cid:1)
body channels
It is not striated
(cid:1)
and is not voluntary
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Skeletal Muscle
Each muscle is a discrete organ composed of
(cid:1)
muscle tissue, blood vessels, nerve fibers, and
connective tissue
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Is controlled voluntarily
(cid:1)
(by conscious control)
Contracts rapidly but tires
(cid:1)
easily
Is responsible for overall
(cid:1)
body motility
Is extremely adaptable
(cid:1)
and can exert forces
ranging from a fraction of
an ounce to over 70
pounds
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Contracted vs, not contracted
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Functional Characteristics of Muscle Tissue
Excitability, or irritability – the ability to receive
(cid:1)
and respond to stimuli
Contractility – the ability to shorten forcibly
(cid:1)
Extensibility – the ability to be stretched or
(cid:1)
extended
Elasticity – the ability to recoil and resume the
(cid:1)
original resting length
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings