Human Language Technology. Challenges for Computer Science and Linguistics: 9th Language and Technology Conference, LTC 2019 Poznan, Poland, May 17–19, 2019 Revised Selected Papers

382 Pages·2022·34.459 MB·

by  Zygmunt Vetulani, Patrick Paroubek, Marek Kubis

Zygmunt Vetulani
Patrick Paroubek
Marek Kubis (Eds.)
Human
Language Technology
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3
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Challenges for Computer Science
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N and Linguistics
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9th Language and Technology Conference, LTC 2019
Poznan, Poland, May 17–19, 2019
Revised Selected Papers
123
Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 13212
Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science
SeriesEditors
RandyGoebel
UniversityofAlberta,Edmonton,Canada
WolfgangWahlster
DFKI,Berlin,Germany
Zhi-HuaZhou
NanjingUniversity,Nanjing,China
FoundingEditor
JörgSiekmann
DFKIandSaarlandUniversity,Saarbrücken,Germany
Moreinformationaboutthissubseriesathttps://link.springer.com/bookseries/1244
· ·
Zygmunt Vetulani Patrick Paroubek
Marek Kubis (Eds.)
Human
Language Technology
Challenges for Computer Science
and Linguistics
9th Language and Technology Conference, LTC 2019
Poznan, Poland, May 17–19, 2019
Revised Selected Papers
Editors
ZygmuntVetulani PatrickParoubek
AdamMickiewiczUniversity LIMSI-CNRS
Poznan´,Poland Orsay,France
MarekKubis
AdamMickiewiczUniversity
Poznan´,Poland
ISSN 0302-9743 ISSN 1611-3349 (electronic)
LectureNotesinArtificialIntelligence
ISBN 978-3-031-05327-6 ISBN 978-3-031-05328-3 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05328-3
LNCSSublibrary:SL7–ArtificialIntelligence
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Preface
Sometimes the sudden occurrence of dire events like natural disasters, pandemic out-
breaks,orwarforceustofacethequestionofourmotivationsfordoingscienceandofthe
pertinenceofouractionsastimeacceleratesanduncertaintyprevails.Consideringthe
answertosuchquestionsmayseemadauntingtaskandavainendeavour,butnotdoing
anythingwouldbemuchworsethanfacingtheriskoffailure.Resilience.Itisawordthat
weseemtoencountermoreandmorenowadays.Itisdefinitelynotthefullanswer,but
wethinkitisgoodcandidateforastart.Topursuethequestofnewknowledgegained
by the joint forces of everybody in an open and friendly collaboration and making it
widely available is what we strive for and will continue to do. This is the answer we
chose.Humbly,weofferyouthisvolumewhichcontainsaselectionof24revisedand,
in most cases, substantially updated and extended versions of papers presented at the
9thLanguageandTechnologyConference(LTC2019).TheLTCreviewingprocesswas
completed by an international jury composed of the Program Committee members or
expertsnominatedbythem.Theselectionwasmadeamong61contributionspresented
at the conference and essentially represents the preferences of the reviewers. The 72
authorsoftheselectedcontributionsrepresenttheresearchachievementsofmorethan
30institutionsfromAustralia,France,Georgia,Germany,Japan,Kazakhstan,Nigeria,
Poland,Russia,Spain,Thailand,Uzbekistan,andVanuatu.
Papersselectedforthisvolumecontributetovariousfieldsofhumanlanguagetech-
nologies and illustrate the large thematic coverage of the LTC conferences. We have
groupedtheminto7chapters
1. SpeechProcessing(5papers)
2. LanguageResourcesandTools(5papers)
3. ComputationalSemantics(2papers)
4. Emotions,DecisionsandOpinions(4papers)
5. DigitalHumanities(3papers)
6. Evaluation(4papers)
7. LegalAspects(1paper)
Theclusteringofthesepapersintochaptersisapproximateasmanypapersaddress
severalthematicareas.UnlikethepreviousLTCpost-conferencemonographspublished
intheLNAIseries,wechosenottosingleoutcontributionsonless-resourcedlanguages,
althoughmanyofthemreferreddirectlytothislanguagegroup.Withinchapters,wehave
orderedthecontributionsalphabeticallyaccordingtothesurnameofthefirstauthor.A
summaryofthecontentofthisvolumeisprovidedbelow1.
1Inthereview,theeditorsdecidedtosyntheticallyandaccuratelyindicatethesubjectofeach
paper, so it should come as no surprise that they often use the expressions of the authors
themselves,whichareeasytofindinthetext.
vi Preface
Followingtheabovementionedthematicorder,westartthisvolumewiththeSpeech
Processingchaptercontainingfivecontributions.Inthepaper“Asetoftoolsforextrac-
tion and manipulation of speech fundamental frequency” Jolanta Bachan describes a
set of tools created and used for fundamental frequency extraction and manipulation,
prosody and speech perception analysis, and speech synthesis. The aim of the paper
“TheautomaticsearchforsoundingsegmentsofSPPAS:applicationtoCheese!corpus”
byBrigitteBigiandBéatricePriego-Valverdeistodescribeamethodtosearchforinter-
pausalunitsinrecordedspeechcorpora.Thethirdcontributionconcerningspeech,“The
PhoneticGroundingofProsody:AnalysisandVisualisationTools”byDafyddGibbon,
providesadetaileddescriptionofasuiteofrelatedonlineandofflineanalysisandvisu-
alisationtoolsfortrainingstudentsofphoneticsintheacousticsofprosody.Thepaper
“HybridisedDeepEnsembleLearningforTonePatternRecognition”,byUdoinyangG.
Inyang and Moses E. Ekpenyong, proposes a hybridised ensemble of three heteroge-
neous classifiers operating on a single speech dataset for tone languages (e.g., Ibibio
andYorubafromNigeria).Theresearchonspeechsegmentationandrecognitionisthe
main topic of the final paper of this chapter, “ANNPRO: a desktop module for auto-
maticsegmentationandtranscription”byKatarzynaKlessa,DanijelKoržinek,Brygida
Sawicka-Ste˛pin´ska,andHannaKasperek.
The Language Resources and Tools chapter also contains five papers. The paper
“Analysis and processing of the Uzbek language on the multi-language modelled
computer translator technology”, by Mersaid Aripov, Muftakh Khakimov, Sanatbek
Matlatipov,andZiyoviddinSirojiddinov,presentstheconstructionoflogical-linguistic
models for words and sentences of the Uzbek language. The next paper, “Computer
ApplicationofGeorgianWords”byIrakliKardava,NanaGulua,JemalAntidze,Beka
Toklikishvili,andTamtaKvaratskhelia,proposesasetofsoftwaretoolsforgenerating
Georgian words. The article “Community-led documentation of Nafsan (Erakor, Van-
uatu)”, by Ana Krajinovic´, Rosey Billington, Lionel Emil, Gray Kaltap˜au, and Nick
Thieberger,presentsoutcomesofcollaborationbetweenlocalcommunitymembersand
visitinglinguistsinErakor,Vanuatu,aimingtobuildthecapacityofcommunity-based
researcherstoundertakeandsustaindocumentationofNafsan,thelocalindigenouslan-
guage.Thefourthcontribution,“DesignandDevelopmentofPipelineofPreprocessing
Tools for Kazakh Language Texts” by Madina Mansurova, Vladimir B. Barakhnin,
Gulmira Madiyeva, Nurgali Kadyrbek, and Bekzhan Dossanov, is about the design
and development of pre-processing tools for a media-corpus of the Kazakh language.
Thischapterendswiththepaper“ThaiNamedEntityCorpusAnnotationSchemeand
SelfVerificationbyBiLSTM-CNN-CRF”,writtenbyVirachSornlertlamvanich,Kitiya
Suriyachay, and Thatsanee Charoenporn, where the authors propose a Thai language
orientedapproachtocleanuptheexistingnamedentitycorpusfortheThailanguagefor
purposesoffurtherresearch.
TwopapersconstitutetheComputationalSemanticschapter.YvesLepage,theauthor
of the first contribution, “Analogies Between Short Sentences: a Semantico-Formal
Approach”, proposes a method to solve analogies between sentences by combining
existing techniques to solve formal analogies between strings and semantic analogies
betweenwords.Inthesecondpaper,“Effectivedevelopmentanddeploymentofdomain
Preface vii
andapplicationconceptualizationinwordnet-basedontologiesusingOntologyReposi-
toryTool”,JacekMarciniakpresentstheprocessofbuildinganddevelopingthePMAH
wordnet-based ontology using the Ontology Repository Tool software, which is cre-
ated in parallel with the process of indexing content in two information systems: the
E-archaeologyContentRepositoryandtheHatchsystemstoringmultimodaldata.
The area of Emotions, Decisions and Opinions is represented by four papers. The
paper “Speech Prosody Extraction for Ibibio Emotions Analysis and Classification”,
byMosesE.Ekpenyong, Aniekan J.Ananga, Ememobong O.Udoh,and NnamsoM.
Umoh, reports on basic prosodic features of speech for the analysis and classification
of Ibibio (New Benue Congo, Nigeria) emotions, at the suprasegmental level. In the
secondpaperinthischapter,“Multilingualandlanguage-agnosticrecognitionofemo-
tions,valenceandarousalinlarge-scalemulti-domaintextreviews”,JanKocon´,Piotr
Miłkowski, Małgorzata Wierzba, Barbara Konat, Katarzyna Klessa, Arkadiusz Janz,
Monika Riegel, Konrad Juszczyk, Damian Grimling, Artur Marchewka, and Maciej
Piasecki present their results in emotion recognition in Polish texts with the help of
machinelearningandtextengineeringtechniquesusedtoautomaticallydetectemotions
expressed in natural language. The next paper, “Construction and evaluation of senti-
mentdatasetsforlow-resourcelanguages:thecaseofUzbek”byElmurodKuriyozov,
Sanatbek Matlatipov, Miguel A. Alonso, and Carlos Gómez-Rodíguez, presents the
resultsofresearchundertakeninordertoprovidethefirstannotatedcorporaforUzbek
languagepolarityclassification.Thefinalpaperofthischapter,“UsingBookDialogues
toExtractEmotionsfromTexts”byPawełSkórzewski,describestwomethodsoftrain-
ingatext-basedemotiondetectionmodelusingacorpusofannotatedbookdialoguesas
atrainingset.
DigitalHumanitiesisanareaofresearchthatstartedwiththeadventofthecomputer
eraafterWorldWarII,butitsnameappearedonlyatthebeginningofthe21stcentury,and
thefielditselfisexperiencingaperiodofdynamicgrowth,perfectlyfittingintothescope
oftheLTCconference,particularlygivenitssubtitleof“HumanLanguageTechnologies
asaChallengeforComputerScienceandLinguistics”.Thisfieldisrepresentedinthis
volumebythreecontributions.Inthefirstpaper,“NLPtoolsforlexicalstructurestudies
oftheliteraryoutputofawriter.Casestudy:literaryworksofTadeuszBoy-Z˙elen´skiand
JuliaHartwig,ZygmuntVetulani,MartaWitkowska,andMarekKubispresenttheuse
ofNLPtoolstostudythelexicalstructureofarepresentativepartoftheliteraryoutputof
twooutstandingPolishwritersofthe20thcentury.Thenextcontribution,“Neuralnetsin
detectingwordlevelmetaphorsinPolish”byAleksanderWawer,MałgorzataMarciniak,
and Agnieszka Mykowiecka, presents an experiment in detecting metaphorical usage
ofadjectives andnouns inPolishdata,describestwomethods forliteral/metaphorical
senseclassification,andprovidestestresultsforthetwoarchitecturesforidentification
of metaphorical use of noun and adjective pairs in Polish texts. The last paper of this
chapter,“Frame-basedannotationinthecorpusofsynestheticmetaphors”byMagdalena
Zawisławska,describestheprojectaimedatcreatingasemanticallyandgrammatically
annotatedcorpusofPolishsynestheticmetaphors.
The domain of digital language resources quality evaluation and processing, initi-
ated by Antonio Zampolli in 1990s, countinues to gain more and more importance in
the languages industry. The first of the four contributions in the Evaluation chapter is
viii Preface
thepaper“PolEval 2019—thenextchapter inevaluating NaturalLanguage Process-
ingtoolsforPolish”,byŁukaszKobylin´ski,MaciejOgrodniczuk, JanKocon´,Michał
Marcin´czuk, Aleksander Smywin´ski-Pohl, Krzysztof Wołk, Danijel Koržinek, Michał
Ptaszynski,AgataPieciukiewicz,andPawełDybała,whichpresentsaSemEval-inspired
evaluation campaign for natural language processing tools for Polish – PolEval (first
organized in 2017). In the second paper, “Open Challenge for Correcting Errors of
SpeechRecognitionSystems”,MarekKubis,ZygmuntVetulani,MikołajWypych,and
TomaszZie˛tkiewiczpresentanewlydefined(2019)long-termchallengeforimproving
automatic speech recognition by investigating methods of correcting the recognition
results on the basis of previously made errors by the speech processing system. The
next paper, “Evaluation of basic modules for isolated spelling error correction in Pol-
ishtexts”bySzymonRutkowski,presentsevaluationexperimentsforisolatedspelling
errorsinPolishtexts.Thelastofthefourpapers,“Assessmentofdocumentsimilarity
visualisationmethods”byMateuszGniewkowskiandTomaszWalkowiak,concernsthe
problemofassessingthesimilarityofdocumentvisualization.
ThelastchapterisdevotedtoLegalAspectsandcontainsjustonepaper.Thissubject,
ofparticularimportancetoproducersandusersoflanguagetechnology,isunfortunately
rarely presented at conferences addressed to this field, such as LTC or LREC. The
reader will find the paper “Legal Regime of the Language Resources in the Context
oftheEuropeanLanguageTechnologyDevelopment”byIlyaIlin,inwhichtheauthor
examines language resources from two perspectives: firstly, with language resources
beingconsideredasadatabasecoveredbytheprotectionregulations,andsecondly,as
theobjectoflegalanalysisfromthepointofviewofthematerialsusedfortheircreation.
Wewishyouallaninterestingread.
March2022 ZygmuntVetulani
PatrickParoubek
MarekKubis
Organization
OrganizingCommitteeChair
ZygmuntVetulani AdamMickiewiczUniversity,Poland
OrganizingCommittee
JolantaBachan AdamMickiewiczUniversity,Poland
MarekKubis AdamMickiewiczUniversity,Poland
JacekMarciniak AdamMickiewiczUniversity,Poland
TomaszObre˛bski AdamMickiewiczUniversity,Poland
TamaraGreinertCzekalska AdamMickiewiczUniversityFoundation,Poland
MartaWitkowska AdamMickiewiczUniversity,Poland
MateuszWitkowski AdamMickiewiczUniversity,Poland
ProgramCommitteeChairs
ZygmuntVetulani AdamMickiewiczUniversity,Poland
PatrickParoubek LIMSI-CNRS,France
ProgramCommittee
VictoriaArranz ELRA,France
JolantaBachan AdamMickiewiczUniversity,Poland
NúriaBel UniversitatPompeuFabra,Spain
KrzysztofBogacki UniversityofWarsaw,Poland
ChristianBoitet UniversitéGrenobleAlpe,France
GerhardBudin UniversityofVienna,Austria
NicolettaCalzolari ILC-CNR,Italy
NickCampbell TrinityCollegeDublin,Ireland
KhalidChoukri ELRA,France
ChristopherCieri LinguisticDataConsortium,USA
PawełDybała JagiellonianUniversity,Poland
KatarzynaDziubalska-Kołaczyk AdamMickiewiczUniversity,Poland
MosesEkpenyong UyoUniversity,Nigeria
CedrickFairon UniversityofLouvain,Belgium
PiotrFuglewicz TIPSp.zo.o.,Poland
MariaGavrilidou ILSP,Greece