Table Of ContentHealthcare K
u
m
a
r
•
A
r
ju
Human–Computer Interface Technologies for the Motor Impaired n
a
examines both the technical and social aspects of human–computer interface n
(HCI). Written by world-class academic experts committed to improving HCI
technologies for people with disabilities, this all-inclusive book explores the latest
Human–Computer
research and offers insight into the current limitations of this field. It introduces H
u
the concept of HCI, identifies and describes the fundamentals associated with
m
a specific technology of HCI, and provides examples for each. It also lists and a
highlights the different modalities (video, speech, mechanical, myoelectric, n
Interface Technologies
–
electro-oculogram, and brain-waves) that are available and discusses their C
relevant applications. o
m
p
Easily and readily understood by researchers, engineers, clinicians, and the u for the Motor Impaired
common layperson, the book describes a number of HCI technologies ranging t
e
from simple modification of the computer mouse and joystick to a brain– r
I
computer interface (BCI) that uses the electrical recording of the brain activity of n
t
the user. The text includes photographs or illustrations for each device, as well as e
r
references at the end of each chapter for further study. f
a
c
e
In addition, this book
T
e
c
• Describes the mechanical sensors that are used as an interface to control h
a computer or screen for the aged and disabled n
o
• Discusses the BCI using brain waves recorded by noninvasive electrodes l
o
to recognize the command from the user g
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• Presents the myoelectric interface for controlling devices such as the e
s
prosthetic/robotic hand
f
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• Explains the technology of tracking the eye gaze using video
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• Provides the fundamentals of voice recognition technologies for computer t
h
and machine control applications e
• Examines a secure and voiceless method for the recognition of speech- M
based commands using video of lip movement o
t
o
r
Human–Computer Interface Technologies for the Motor Impaired I
m
considers possible applications, discusses limitations, and presents the current
p
research taking place in the field of HCI. Dedicated to enhancing the lives a
i
of people living with disabilities, this book aids professionals in biomedical, r
e
electronics, and computer engineering, and serves as a resource for anyone d
interested in the developing applications of HCI.
K24336
ISBN: 978-1-4822-6266-7
Dinesh K. Kumar
90000
Sridhar Poosapadi Arjunan
9 781482 262667
K24336_COVER_final.indd 1 8/14/15 3:42 PM
Human–Computer
Interface Technologies
for the Motor Impaired
Rehabilitation Science in Practice Series
Series Editors
Marcia J. Scherer, Ph.D. Dave Muller, Ph.D.
President Executive
Institute for Matching Person and Suffolk New College
Technology Editor-in-Chief
Professor Disability and Rehabilitation
Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Founding Editor
University of Rochester Medical Center
Aphasiology
Published Titles
Ambient Assisted Living, Nuno M. Garcia and Joel J.P.C. Rodrigues
Assistive Technology Assessment Handbook, edited by Stefano Federici and Marcia J. Scherer
Assistive Technology for Blindness and Low Vision, Roberto Manduchi and Sri Kurniawan
Computer Access for People with Disabilities: A Human Factors Approach,
Richard C. Simpson
Computer Systems Experiences of Users with and Without Disabilities: An Evaluation Guide
for Professionals, Simone Borsci, Maria Laura Mele, Masaaki Kurosu, and Stefano Federici
Devices for Mobility and Manipulation for People with Reduced Abilities,
Teodiano Bastos-Filho, Dinesh Kumar, and Sridhar Poosapadi Arjunan
Human–Computer Interface Technologies for the Motor Impaired,
edited by Dinesh K. Kumar and Sridhar Poosapadi Arjunan
Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation: From Impairment to Participation,
edited by Marcia Finlayson
Neuroprosthetics: Principles and Applications, edited by Justin Sanchez
Paediatric Rehabilitation Engineering: From Disability to Possibility, edited by Tom Chau
and Jillian Fairley
Quality of Life Technology Handbook, Richard Schultz
Rehabilitation: A Post-critical Approach, edited by Barbara E. Gibson
Rehabilitation Goal Setting: Theory, Practice and Evidence, edited by Richard J. Siegert
and William M. M. Levack
Rethinking Rehabilitation: Theory and Practice, edited by Kathryn McPherson,
Barbara E. Gibson, and Alain Leplège
Rehabilitation Science in Practice Series
Series Editors
Marcia J. Scherer, Ph.D. Dave Muller, Ph.D.
President Executive
Institute for Matching Person and Suffolk New College
Technology Editor-in-Chief Human–Computer
Professor Disability and Rehabilitation
Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Founding Editor
University of Rochester Medical Center Aphasiology Interface Technologies
Published Titles for the Motor Impaired
Ambient Assisted Living, Nuno M. Garcia and Joel J.P.C. Rodrigues
Assistive Technology Assessment Handbook, edited by Stefano Federici and Marcia J. Scherer
Assistive Technology for Blindness and Low Vision, Roberto Manduchi and Sri Kurniawan
Computer Access for People with Disabilities: A Human Factors Approach,
Richard C. Simpson
Computer Systems Experiences of Users with and Without Disabilities: An Evaluation Guide
for Professionals, Simone Borsci, Maria Laura Mele, Masaaki Kurosu, and Stefano Federici
Devices for Mobility and Manipulation for People with Reduced Abilities,
Teodiano Bastos-Filho, Dinesh Kumar, and Sridhar Poosapadi Arjunan
Human–Computer Interface Technologies for the Motor Impaired,
edited by Dinesh K. Kumar and Sridhar Poosapadi Arjunan Dinesh K. Kumar
Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation: From Impairment to Participation, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
edited by Marcia Finlayson
Sridhar Poosapadi Arjunan
Neuroprosthetics: Principles and Applications, edited by Justin Sanchez
Biomedical Engineering, School of EE, RMIT University, Melbourne
Paediatric Rehabilitation Engineering: From Disability to Possibility, edited by Tom Chau
and Jillian Fairley
Quality of Life Technology Handbook, Richard Schultz
Rehabilitation: A Post-critical Approach, edited by Barbara E. Gibson
Rehabilitation Goal Setting: Theory, Practice and Evidence, edited by Richard J. Siegert
and William M. M. Levack
Rethinking Rehabilitation: Theory and Practice, edited by Kathryn McPherson,
Barbara E. Gibson, and Alain Leplège
Boca Raton London New York
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Version Date: 20150811
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4822-6267-4 (eBook - PDF)
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This book is dedicated to the concept of Karma Yoga expounded in
the Bhagwat Gita; when one can work for a bigger cause, the result
is stress-free life, better quality of work, and greater happiness. This
work is also dedicated to my Bhagwat Gita teacher, Brahmacharya
Gautam, my family, and especially my colleagues at office, who have
shown immense patience when I was involved in writing this book.
—Professor Dinesh K. Kumar
Rehabilitation and health research cannot happen without
volunteers. I dedicate this book to all volunteers who have provided
their time and energy to participate in the studies for improving
rehabilitation and healthcare solutions. I also dedicate this book
to my family for all their love, support, and encouragement.
—Dr. Sridhar Poosapadi Arjunan
Contents
List of Figures xv
List of Tables xix
Preface xxi
Acknowledgment xxv
Authors xxvii
1 Introduction 1
Abstract 1
1.1 Introduction: Human–computer interface for
people with disabilities 1
1.2 Background 2
1.3 History 3
1.4 Future of HCI 5
1.5 Layout of the book 6
Reference 8
2 Human–computer interface: Mechanical sensors 9
Abstract 9
2.1 Introduction 9
2.2 Modified devices 10
2.2.1 Mouse or joystick 10
2.2.2 Tracking ball 10
2.2.3 Modified computer display or
digital tablet 11
vii
viii Contents
2.2.4 Special p urpose interface devices 12
2.2.4.1 Head movement 12
2.2.4.2 Blow and suck 13
2.2.4.3 Smart glove 13
2.3 Sensors 14
2.3.1 Inertial measurement unit 14
2.3.2 Angle sensor 15
2.3.3 Stretch sensor 16
2.3.4 Force sensor 17
2.3.4.1 Example of smart glove 18
2.3.4.2 Computer connectivity
specifics 18
2.4 Applications of HCI based on
mechanical sensors 19
2.4.1 Shortcomings of HCI based on
mechanical sensors 20
2.5 Current research and future improvements 20
References 20
3 Brain–computer interface based on
thought waves 23
Abstract 23
3.1 Introduction 24
3.2 History of brain–computer interface 25
3.3 Significance of BCI devices 28
3.4 BCI technology 29
3.4.1 Invasive BCI 29
3.4.2 Motor-invasive BCI 29
3.4.3 Noninvasive BCI 30
3.5 System design 31
3.5.1 Invasive thought translation device BCI 32
3.5.2 Invasive s ensory BCI 32
3.5.3 Noninvasive thought translation
device BCI 32
3.6 Signal analysis 33
3.6.1 Improving signal quality 33
3.6.2 EEG feature selection 34
3.7 BCI translation algorithms 34
3.8 User consideration 35
3.9 Applications of BCI 35
3.9.1 Applications of invasive TTD 36
3.9.2 Applications of noninvasive TTD 36
