Human Assessment: Cognition and Motivation

489 Pages·1986·4.589 MB·English

by  John B. Carroll (auth.), Stephen E. Newstead, Sidney H. Irvine, Peter L. Dann (eds.)

Human Assessment:
Cognition and Motivation
NATO ASI Series
Advanced Science Institutes Series
A Series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NATO Science
Committee, which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological
knowledge, with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities.
The Series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the
NATO Scientific Affairs Division
A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation
B Physics London and New York
C Mathetnatical and D. Reidel Publishing Company
Physical Sciences Dordrecht and Boston
D Behavioural and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
Social Sciences DordrechtiBoston/Lancaster
E Applied Sciences
F Computer and Springer-Verlag
Systems Sciences Berlin/Heidelberg/New York
G Ecological Sciences
Series D: Behavioural and Social Sciences - No. 27
Human Assessment:
Cognition and Motivation
edited by
Stephen E. Newstead
Sidney H. Irvine
Peter L. Dann
Plymouth Polytechnic
Plymouth, Devon, U.K.
1986 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
Dordrecht / Boston / Lancaster
Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Human Assessment:
Cognition and Motivation", Athens, Greece, December 10 -20, 1984
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
ISBN-13: 978-94-010-8460-4 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-4406-0
001: 10. 1007/978-94-009-4406-0
Distributors for the United States and Canada: Kluwer Academic Publishers,
190 Old Derby Street, Hingham, MA 02043, USA
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Distributors for all other countries: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, Distribution
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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the
publishers,
Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, P.O. Box 163, 3300 AD Dordrecht, The Netherlands
Copyright © 1986 by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1986
v
F or Philip E. Vernon.
VII
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Human Assessment: An Overview. XVII
Stephen E. Newstead, Sidney H. Irvine & Peter L. Dann.
Contributors to this Volume. XXV
PART 1.
APPROACHES TO THE ASSESSMENT OF COGNITION, MOTIVATION
AND PERSONALITY. LECTURE SUMMARIES.
SECTION 1.
Psychometric approaches to the assessment of cognitive
abili ties.
John B. Carroll.
Lecture 1: Factor-analytic investigations of cognitive 3
abilities.
Lecture 2: Defining abilities through the person 8
characteristic function.
Lecture 3: Cognitive components and psychological 12
processes.
Hans Eysenck.
Lecture 1: The biological basis of intelligence. 17
Sidney H. Irvine.
Approaching the LIQ: new waves and old problems in 21
individual differences.
VIII
SECTION 2.
Information processing approaches.
Earl Hunt.
Lecture 1: The information processing approach to 27
intelligence.
Lecture 2: Verbal comprehension. 32
Lecture 3: Attention. 36
Robert J. Sternberg.
Lecture 1: Overview of the triarchic theory of human 43
intelligence.
Lecture 2: The componential subtheory. 44
Lecture 3: The experiential and contextual subtheories. 46
SECTION 3.
Cross-cultural perspectives.
Philip E. Vernon.
Cognitive and motivational differences between Asian and 51
other cultures.
John M. Verster.
Speed of cognitive processing: cross-cultural findings. 53
John Berry.
Lecture 1: The comparative study of cognitive abilities: 57
historical and comtemporary issues.
Lecture 2: Organisation and ecology of cognitive 63
abilities.
Lecture 3: Indigenous and universal cognitive 69
functioning.
Z.L. Klich.
Australian Aboriginal cognition in context. 75
IX
SECTION 4.
Non-standard approaches to assessment.
Robert F. Peck.
Lecture 1: Methods of assessing competence. 83
Lecture 2: Assessing high order cognitive skills. 87
Lecture 3: Assessing motivation, values and coping 91
skills that affect competence.
Louis Herman.
Contributions of animal cognition to the understanding 95
of human cognition.
SECTION 5.
Personality.
Hans Eysenck.
Lecture 2: The biological basis of personality. 101
Lecture 3: The biological basis of neurosis. 104
Paul Kline.
Lecture 1: Personality inventories. 109
Lecture 2: Projective and objective tests. 113
Lecture 3: Measuring unconscious processes. 117
SECTION 6.
Aptitudes and learning.
Richard E. Snow.
Lecture 1: A framework for aptitude theories. 125
Lecture 2: Toward a theory of cognitive aptitude for 128
learning from instruction.
Lecture 3: Cognitive and motivational process analysis 132
of tests, tasks and treatments.
x
PART 2.
ASSESSMENT: PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATION AND
OTHER FIELDS.
SECTION 1.
Cognitive abilities.
Reanalyses of factor-analytic studies of mathematical 139
abilities.
Linda DeGuire.
Metacognition, social context and personal factors in 155
arithmetic problem solving.
Harry Osser & F. Rudmin.
The role of word familiarity in word recognition. 179
Sylvia M. Hains.
Intellectual, memory and neuropsychological assessment: 201
a clinical survey.
Reg Morris, Anthony Wilson & John McCullough.
SECTION 2.
Personality, cognitive style and concentration.
The interaction of cognition and motivation in 217
performance on tests of field dependence-independence.
Cees J. Groot.
Current theoretical considerations of the trait concept: 231
empirical facts and implications for personality
inventory construction.
Manfred Amelang & Peter Borkenau.
A life-span study of liberal arts and professional 249
groups on personal and intellective growth.
Donald R. Brown.
Concentration ability of students in education: 259
construction and validity of a questionnaire.
L. De Leeuw, J.A. Feij & F. van der Zee.
Student attention during instruction and achievement. 273
Andreas Helmke.
XI
Personality and test performance. 287
Arnold Bohrer & Stefan van den Broucke.
SECTION 3.
Environmental and social factors.
Asssessing the role of intelligence, motivation and 301
coping skills in explaining the Latin-Americans'
intellectual competence in school.
Robert F. Peck, Arrigo Angelini and Rogelio
Diaz-Guerrero.
Performance based assessment of depriving environments: 319
comparison of context/response interactions within
inner-city and suburban school settings. Charles R.
Greenwood, Joseph C. Delquadri, Sandra o. Stanley,
Barbara Terry & R. Vance Hall.
Achievement motivation and socialisation. 341
Saburo Iwawaki.
Females in technical apprenticeship: development of 351
aptitudes, performance and self-concept.
Heinz Schuler.
The effects on performance of the congruence between 359
goal-setting strategies and socio-cultural values.
Miriam Erez.
PART 3.
APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT: SEMINAR ABSTRACTS.
SECTION 1.
Computerised assessment.
Validation of the Micropat battery of pilot aptitude 371
~ests.
D. Bartram.
Measures of thirty cognitive tasks: intercorrelations 372
and correlations with aptitude battery scores.
B.A. Fairbank, W. Tirre & N. Anderson.