Table Of ContentHUMAN
ARTificiAL INSEMiNATioN
ANd
SEMEN PRESERVATioN
HUMAN
ARTiFiciAL INSEMiNATioN
ANd
SEMEN PRESERVATioN
EdiTEd by
GEORGES DAvid
ANd
WENdEl S. PRicE
Centre d'Etude et de Conservation
du Sperme Humain (CECOS)
Bicetre, France
PLENUM PRESS . NEW YORK AND LONDON
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
International Symposium on Artificial Insemination and Semen Preservation, Paris,
1979.
Human artificial insemination and semen preservation.
Includes index.
1. Artificial insemination, Human-Congresses. 2. Semen, Frozen-Congresses. 3.
Sperm banks- Congresses. I. David, Georges, professeur. II. Price, Wendel S. III.
Title.
RG134.157 1979 613.9'4 80-19402
ISBN 978-1-4684-8826-5 ISBN 978-1-4684-8824-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4684-8824-1
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Artificial Insemination
and Semen Preservation, held in Paris, France, April 9-11, 1979.
© 1980 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1980
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
227 West 17th Street, New York, N.Y. 10011
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
PREFACE
Even though artificial insemination is a simple technique that
has been practiced for over a century, it has long been carried out
under poor conditions due to an inadequate understanding of repro
ductive physiology and antagonistic socio-ethical attitudes. Accor
dingly, until fairly recently it was a medical act with a limited
scientific basis which was practised more or less clandestinely.
The development of semen preservation has totally changed the
conditions of artificial insemination, especially in regard to
flexibility and safeguards in its application. Although the use
of fresh semen continues, it is now clear that the future of arti
ficial insemination is closely linked to semen preservation.
During the past two decades, semen banks have been developed
in many countries. This has most often been the result of the
initiative of individual physicians in either the private or public
sectors. In France, a national system of semen banks (CECOS) was
begun in 1973. Although there has been cooperation within this
system in the areas of both research and management, a need to com
municate and compare experiences with those from other countries
was perceived. Thus, the first International Symposium on Artifi
cial Insemination and Semen Preservation was planned and held in
Paris, France in April 1979. Thirty-seven countries were represented
byihdividuals from many concerned disciplines.
This volume contains nearly all the communications given at the
Symposium and constitutes an attempt to provide an up-to-date as
sessment of accomplishments and the bo4y of scientific knowledge in
artificial insemination as well as to identify challenges which this
field faces. This task is complex since artificial insemination is
confronted by a diversity of clinical, biological, psychological,
legal, social and ethical problems.
The works presented in this volume underscore the important
place that artificial insemination and semen preservation has taken
v
vi PREFACE
in the treatment, and even prevention, of male sterility. They
also reveal that these techniques present a unique opportunity for
the study of human reproduction. Furthermore, they reflect the
dynamism of investigators in this field and lead us to anticipate
important advances in the coming years.
This first Symposium has provided an opportunity to increase
exchanges on an international level which we hope will continue and
multiply.
As chairman of the symposium and on behalf of CECOS, I would
like to thank all who attended and participated in the Symposium
for having made it such a success.
Georges David, ~1D
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to express our gratitiude to the French
Ministry of Health for its support of the Symposium and of this
book's publication. Special thanks are due Dr. Fran~oise Czyglik
who with the able assistance of Clementine Giocondese and members
of the French Centers for the Study and Preservation of Semen
organized the Symposium. Finally, we are indebted to Helene
Arbesman for her patient and skillful typing of the manuscript
as well as to Danielle Blanquart and Francine Quinton for their
secretarial contributions.
CONTENTS
I. PRESENT STATUS OF ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION
WITH DONOR SEMEN(AID) AND SPERM BANKS
Present Status of AID and Sperm Banks in the
United States • ••• • • • • • • • 1
J.H. Olson
AID and Sperm Banks in Great Britain 11
D.W. Richardson
The Organization of the Centers for the Study
and Preservation of Semen in France • • 15
G. David and J. Lansac
Present Status of Donor Insemination in Belgium 27
R. Schoysman and A. Schoysman-Deboeck
Artificial Insemination and Sperm Banks: The
Canadian Experience • • • • • • • • • • 31
J.E. Rioux and C.D.F. Ackman
Present Status of Sperm Banks in Switzerland 35
A. Campana, U. Gigon, F. Maire,
G. Sza1maj, and H. Wyss
Present Status of AID and Sperm Banks in Denmark 41
P.E. Lebech
AID and Sperm Bank Development in Israel 45
J. Barkay and H. Zuckerman
Artificial Insemination and Semen Banks in Italy. • • • • 51
V. Traina
The First Sperm Bank in Spain: Organization and
First Year Results 57
S. Marina
x
CONTENTS
Human Semen Bank at The Spanish Social
Security Hospital . . • . . . . . 61
J.A. Portuondo and A.D. Echanojauregui
II. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF SPERM BANKS
Organisation of Sperm Banks on a National Basis . . . . 65
D.W. Richardson
The Use of Minicomputers in Sperm Bank
Management .• .• ..•.• 73
E. Vendre1y, F. Dhont, M.O. A1not,
A. Delezoide and C. Da Lage
Establishment of a Central Semen Bank in
Denmark Supplying 22 Gynecological
Department s . . • . . • . . . • . . 81
N.C. Nielsen and K.B. Hansen
Sperm Banks and Donor Recruitment in France 89
D. Le Lannou, B. Lobel, and Y. Chambon
III. SEMEN CRYOPRESERVATION
Historical Synopsis of Human Semen Cryobanking 95
J.K. Sherman
Quantitative Ultrastructural Modifications in
Human Spermatozoa after Freezing 107
D. Escalier and J.-P. Bisson
Comparison of Cryoprotection Techniques: A Light
and Electron Microscopy Study • . • • . • • 123
R.F. Harrison and B.L. Sheppard
Effect of Cryopreservation on Acrosoma1 Protein
of Human Spermatozoa .•..•••.. 131
K.H. Broer
Biochemical Modifications of Frozen Semen • 139
J.-E. Gurein, Y. Menezo, and J.-C. Czyba
Effects of Freezing on Spermatozoa Motility 147
C. Serres, P. Jouannet, F. Czyg1ik,
and G. David
Semen Freezing in 0.5 and 0.25 ML Straws 161
J.C. Emperaire and F. Czyg1ik
CONTENTS xi
Survival of Human Spermatozoa after Freezing
with Different Techniques . . . • • • . 167
J. Friberg
Clinical Use of Human Semen After Long-Term
Storage . 175
S. Friedman
Limits of Long Term Semen Cryopreservation 179
G. David and F. Czyglik
The Role of Cryobanking in Artificial
Insemination . . • . • . . . • 183
J. Barkay and H. Zuckerman
IV. ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION WITH DONOR SEMEN
(AID): CLINICAL RESULTS
The Efficacy of Natural Insemination: A Comparative
Standard for AID . . . . . • . . . . • . • . 191
H. Leridon
Mode of Evaluation of Results in Artificial Insemination 197
D. Schwartz and M.J. Mayaux
Results of AID for a First and Succeeding
Pregnancies • • • . • . • • • . 211
G. David, F. Czyglik, D. Schwartz,
and M.J. Mayaux
Artificial Insemination with Frozen Human
Semen: 227 cases •..•.. 223
S. Friedman
Results of AID in 865 couples • . • . . • . • 231
A. Schoysman-Deboeck, M. Merckx, L. Segal,
M. Vekemans, and N. Verhoeven
Artificial Insemination with Frozen Spermatozoa:
Results from 1967 to 1978 •...... 249
P.E. Lebech and C. Detlefsen
Artificial Insemination with Frozen Donor Semen:
Results in 604 Women • . . . • . • . 259
D. Millet and M. Jondet
Results of Heterologous Insemination at the
University of Berne Gynecology Clinic 267
U. Gigon and R. Haldemann
Results of AID with
Fresh and Frozen Semen: 488 Cases • • • • • • • • • 273
G. Traina and V. Traina
Physical and Mental Development of Children
Born Through AID • • • • • • • • 277
F. Mochimaru, H. Sato, T. Kobayashi,
and R. Iizuka
Comparison of Results of AID with Fresh and
Frozen Semen 283
E. Steinberger, L.J. Rodriguez-Rigau,
and K.D. Smith
Clinical Comparison of Fresh and Frozen Semen 295
A. Schoysman-Deboeck and R. Schoysman
V. ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION WITH DONOR SEMEN(AID):
FACTORS INFLUENCING SUCCESS
The Female Factor in AID •• • • • • • • 301
E. Steinberger, L.J. Rodriguez-Rigau,
and K.D. Smith
The Male Factor in AID Requests: 558 Cases 313
A. Mattei, M.G. Mattei, P. Laugier,
J.F. Mattei, B. Conte-Devoix,
and R. Rou1ier
Evaluation of Fertility before AID 325
~ema1e
A. Bremond, D. Cottinet, and J. Lansac
Importance of Insemination Timing and Frequency
in AID • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 333
D. Schwartz, M.J. Mayaux, V. Heuche,
F. Czyg1ik, and G. David
The Serial Assessment of Graafian Follicle
Growth by Ultrasonic Means for Timing
AID ••••••••••••• 341
J.F. Kerin, G.B. Young, M.M. Lees, S. Lawson,
A.A. Templeton, and O.T. Baird
Echographic Study of Ovulation • • • • • 347
R. Renaud, I. Dervain, J. Mac1er, E. Ehret,
A. Spira, S. P1as Roser, and C. Aron
