Human Anatomy for Artists The Elements of Form

223 Pages·1991·83.54 MB·English

by  Eliot Goldfinger

HUMAN ANATOMY

RO) ONS RISERS

THE ELEMENTS OF FORM
ELIOT GOLDFINere
ELIOT GOLDFINGER

HUMAN

ANATOMY
FOR ARTISTS

The Elements of Porm
The Skeleton » SKULL

FRONTAL EMINENCE

ramzoral

PITAL EIMENCE fivey

FBSA
Swastaia Roce:

a SE

Pawetzar aw -ZesoneT ARG'Y

Ramus % sie
MANDIBSE Sue Ns \ Sew
MENTAL PROTUBER ANCE OF MRSpaLE

FRONT VIEW masz 1D pROCE SS :

Cia

Seek

ine
palate

poate Agere

Poseaan

Sennen Paace8s

[msrp pgocess

Back view

Top view
Posiersn
The Skeleton » VERTEBRAL COLUMN

AJ

avuaa3W9A WIKWR9

BVESSLUBA DIDVHOHL

SVHORLTA BEM

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FRONT VIEW

RIGHT SIDE ViEW.

Ack View
The Skeleton + RIB. CAGE
The Skeleton + RIGHT HAND

eapeaoip _gasivare Sosare gatas
seaPHo.D A Lusare 4 Terevetsa
(cuneeue isons sion oh
paare zim é
or ymate SAMA
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ite
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ose 4
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Panta susp Pitan

paso

Ack (ooRsA view
PHALANC £ y

Doane RAB AL

FRONT [PAL View,
RAMIALE ULNAR

pera

SeAPHOIe Luwate

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HAL ANS ES ———ste-METACARPALS —ISCHRIALS 9

THUMB SIDE (RADIAL VIEW) LOTTLE FINGER Si9E (ULNAR ViEW)
SORSALE— > PALMAR PALMAR <> DORSAL,
The Skeleton » HAND

The SKELETON OF PE HAND is designed vo dhe radi and minimally with he fous Uae
Perform the rms henvy Kral chores 8 well atached to dhe distal end of heal

as ectemely prs, seastive, and dees The MCTACRAPUS coms othe five meta
movements. In life the hand i predominantly carpal bons. The bok hate ofeach bane
Tons, with its aurface Firm bax forthe moet located athe proximal extemiy of the shay
‘are on its skeleton, expeially sts back or dorsal while the rounded ead locas at che dal
frac. Icons of the wiry the metacar~ entry. Metacarplsewo trough five index

pus and the phalanges. The phalanges gece to le Roger ab group rcte distal. The
srelonger than the metsarpals, whic in urn dorsal suracs ofthe metacarpal are wide and
‘ae longer tha the carpal: These proportions Hatened expecially cally a ll have 2

‘re apposite those found inthe foot Benscen light convey urestre, Metacacpls two

‘heal metas, and phalanges. ‘hough five create a plane othe back ofthe
The CARPUS cumits of cht small ixegar ind that cures side ese cis copes

lasy shape carpal bones ranged in 70 otceble a the Ince. This curv, ota

swia peuanmal and» dial-of four bones verse arc, bls ciate the sity the
each, The proximal row contains the seaphcidy palm. The enrearre ofthe tansyese arch Ma
Iunate, igure nd piston. The dtl sow tes sthen the open hand i pressed agaist
cfmtins the trapesiom, aperoi, capitate, ad At surlae

Inmate As «ut the carpal bones form half "Disally the ads of aatscgpa te
‘lsc which s curved side rosie, so that is through five are connected to each oer by lig
Sonal marae is conven the concave palmar arent; thc head ol the ham i unatacke,
Sula is ranslormed into the carpal teael for allowing ico have pest ange of ention a
passage of he flexor tendons tothe Singer. the carpometacarpal ona the aie a op

‘On the back ofthe earpus, betwen the two pose the ote Fingers n seping The enumb's
carpal sows 3 erent need toward the tetaczpal stated aud fang ax 50
‘dl side). especially moieable when the that is dota surtace tae atalls when the

‘west jin is exe. Algo nodceale in his post- palm indicted forward ts dorsal ste i=

ton is another deprenion beraeen the distal alnetperpedivsar wo the dora suraves of

ad of fhe eadus and the proximal carpal rose theather metacarpal

‘the acalting proximal surtae ofthe carpus ‘The heads of metacarpal to through five

Icumes a raed prominence berscen tbe two ate somewhat spherical, Thee dia surfaces

epestions become exposcl in ie» rounded knuckles
(On the pla side ofthe cepa ony inhen the Fingers ae Hex he meta

prominences ate formed bythe pst at the plunged joints. Thee four metcarpals end
nar sie (a he base of hypothenaeemiaence) tally ang a cured ne, with the mile

and bythe tubercles of the trpenuim and sae finger projec he latest. The wh merase
eid togcther an the rad ie lat the base of these four metncaralheade grater than the

fhe thenat eminence. Thess bony praeedons wid aro the humeral epicondyles atthe o-
ae epeillynoieable when the wrt jones how. Because se thumb's metacarpal heal
ntl ot as rounded asthe others and because of

‘eth writ jot, the asc penimal carpal Eited motion 2 he metacarpophalengal fit
row areaats primarily wih che distal ebd of ofthe thumb, the distal surface this mee

BACK GaneaUEW vomeelanaam emeST

a
The Skeleton » PELVIS

ones um

BACK VIEW

PosTeRion

TONS

ox nreaIOR

SsacRUM Po

3 ANTERIOR INFERIOR
teow cETARULUM

INFERIOR RAMUE OF schluMyf —RAMLE OY

prLcutan auarace
A Lugie Sime

SoheaL

ours view iystee view

(ROH HP Boney ener ee

aneram —vostznmes.ncnon AYER SUPENOR sume geome YT NEAL EPS
Lia sre AE SAE pais

PLste TUSEAELE

)
2a

aren ore

roe view — ANTERIOR éuesion FOECporroM VIEW iLIRE SNE

30
RIGHT PATELLA

The Skeleton - PATELLA

The FAVELA, or kaseap is the Lage set
noid hone ofthe body Ii tthe othe
Seep sutace ofthe tendon ofnereon othe
‘quciceps muse ofthe thigh The futon of
the paella t0 mows this tendon sway frm
the joa, giv the qdadrices greater mechan
cl advantage, The dep surface ofthe patel
arcahtes with the distal extremity ofthe fe
tues prcectng the arcu catlges of the
‘ncles, especialy wl kneling.

The patella is eangular wie rounded oor
ers a laened from tnt tn back. is
apex is dived infeorly, The 0 upper
rounded corners ae prominent on the wirface
in be The arenoreurace othe patel is
ones, wll the penteror santas has a wide
‘eral ridge which glides m the groove be
tween the cndyles ofthe fut The inferie
jes, sacking eo he patella gato, os
Seon on the sua in the nraighe extended
nee; howeser, a horizontal sh fara mas
‘appear at this arichmeat, When de knees
Rese the arrive sarace of the patella fess
‘angle withthe gael ligament, reeling
{he apex (msde view) The upper te of the

FRONT VIEW

atl sen in the exe nce, at he
‘extended ks, because the quadriceps tendon
meets the pata a an angle ring Meson

Th the naming posiion wi she high =
axed, the bosom ofthe patel sits at eval
jist shu higher han hele of the kas
jn res slighay when the thigh moses
eeu fh no mon rkig pace at
the ke join berwonn the fem ad is.
The paelas wider than the dance aot the
anterior porto ofthe ides ofthe medial and
Intl condyle ofthe fn, and therefore oo
fsa portion of thes ales when the kei
pie

‘When the kei arsght, the palit in
the anteir shallow part of the femora condyle
sruire. As the knees exe he patella ses
flown ste deeper pare ofthe ove. This ac
‘ion displaces the pelle posteriori in relation
to the ameior profile ofthe lowe leg Whea
‘he knelt he thigh appears gen be
‘us he tla has ben dragged around co
he dsl sucace af che condyles ofthe fun,
adding i this othe gh of the sigh

' sit
aos fond
op view aye RP
Sibe ehe

35
The Skeleton » RIGHT FOOT

a oes ceuvesrents
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acs
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