Human Anatomy, Color Atlas and Textbook

456 Pages·2016·0.26 MB·English

by  John A. Gosling

HUMAN

ANATOMY
J.A. Gosling Contributors to previous editions
MD, MB ChB, FRCS, FAS
Photography by:
Professor of Anatomy
Stanford University A.L. Bentley ABIPP, AIMBI, MBKS
USA
Formerly Medical Photographer
Faculty of Life Sciences
P.F. Harris
MD, MB ChB, MSc, FAS
University of Manchester
Emeritus Professor of Anatomy UK
University of Manchester
UK J.L. Hargreaves BA(hons)
Formerly Medical Photographer
J.R. Humpherson
MB ChB
Faculty of Life Sciences
Formerly Senior Lecturer in Anatomy University of Manchester
Faculty of Life Sciences UK
University of Manchester
UK
Embalming and section cutting by:
I. Whitmore MD, MB BS, LRCP MRCS, FAS J.T. Davies LIAS
Professor of Anatomy Formerly Senior Anatomical Technician
Stanford University Faculty of Life Sciences
USA University of Manchester
UK
P.L.T. Willan
MB ChB, FRCS
Formerly Professor of Anatomy
University of UAE
Al-Ain
United Arab Emirates
HUMAN
SIXTH
EDITION

ANATOMY
Color Atlas and Textbook
Edinburgh London New York Oxford Philadelphia St Louis Sydney Toronto 2017
First edition 1985
Second edition 1990
Third edition 1996
Fourth edition 2002
Fifth edition 2008
Sixth edition 2017
© 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The right of J.A. Gosling, P.F. Harris, J.R. Humpherson, I. Whitmore and P.L.T.
Willan to be identified as author/s of this work has been asserted by them in
accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by
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This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under
copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).
ISBN 978-0-7234-3827-4
eISBN 978-0-7234-3828-1
Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research
and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods,
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Preface to the Sixth Edition
The prime purpose of the first edition of Human Anatomy was to In this edition we have continued to improve the text and the
present topographical anatomy as it is seen in the dissecting room. diagrams by remedying omissions and removing errors and
The unique combination of photographs with accompanying ambiguities. In addition, we have added new radiographs and
labelled diagrams and concise text is preserved in this edition. scans. The numerous examples of clinical and applied anatomy
However, the book has evolved to accommodate modern trends in each chapter are now clearly identified. After discussions
in the teaching of anatomy to emphasise clinical applications and with the publisher, we elected to indicate clinical comments by
problem solving. highlighting in blue and to employ enclosing arrows in some
electronic media.
Changes have included the addition of introductory sections for
each chapter to provide an overview of each region; the incorpora- Whilst the book was initially written for medical and dental stu-
tion of selected radiographs and CT scans and MR images; and dents, the content will now also be useful to candidates preparing
the use of cross sections of all regions of the body to provide a for higher qualifications in surgical specialties and radiology. It
basis for interpreting body scans. will also be relevant to students in other professions where
anatomy is a significant component of the course.
Self-assessment exercises have included clinical case histories and
multiple choice questions, as well as radiographs and scans, It is with sadness that we report the death of John Davies whose
together with anatomical sections. skills as an embalmer enabled the authors to prepare the many
dissections presented in this atlas.
In previous editions the terminology was updated to conform to
Terminologia Anatomica and a list of alternative terms is included. J.A.G., P.F.H., J.R.H., I.W., P.L.T.W.
On occasions fonts have changed to improve readability. 2016
Preface to the First Edition
Despite the many anatomical atlases and textbooks currently subsequent chapters describe anatomy primarily through dissec-
available, there appeared to be a need for a book which combined tion, a regional approach has been employed. Features of bones
the advantages of each of these forms of presentation. This book are described only when considering their related structures,
was conceived with the intention of filling that need. With a especially muscles and joints; osteology is not considered in its
unique combination of photographs of dissections, accompanying own right. The internal structure of the ear and eye are beyond
diagrams and concise text, this volume aims to provide the student the scope of this book since the study of these topics requires
with a better understanding of human anatomy. microscopy; the anatomy of the brain and spinal cord are also
excluded as they are usually taught in special courses.
The basis of this work is the cadaver as seen in the dissecting
room; therefore, reference to surface and radiological anatomy is The level of detail contained in this book is appropriate for current
minimal. Likewise, comments on the clinical and functional sig- courses in topographical anatomy for medical and dental under-
nificance of selected anatomical structures are brief. However, graduates. In addition, it will be of value to postgraduates and to
comparison is made where appropriate between the anatomy of students entering those professions allied to medicine in which
the living and that of the cadaver. anatomy is part of the curriculum.
Each dissection was specially prepared and photographed to The terminology employed is that which is most frequently
display only a few important features. However, since photo- used in clinical practice. Where appropriate, alternatives (such
graphs of dissections are inherently difficult to interpret, each is as those recommended in Nomina Anatomica) are appended in
accompanied by a guide in the form of a drawing. Each drawing brackets.
is coloured and labelled to highlight the salient features of the
dissection and is accompanied by axes to indicate the orientation Preparation of the dissections and the text has occupied the
of the specimen. Adjacent photographs often depict different authors for nearly five years. Our objective was to create a high
stages of the same dissection to help the student construct a three quality and visually attractive anatomical work and we hope that
dimensional image. the time and effort spent in its preparation is reflected in the fin-
ished product.
The first chapter introduces anatomical terminology, provides
general information about the basic tissues of the body, and J.A.G., P.F.H., J.R.H., I.W., P.L.T.W.
includes overall views of selected systems. Because the six Manchester, 1985
Acknowledgements for All Editions
The authors are indebted to Drs Victoria Clague, Gulraiz Ahmad Our families deserve special mention, as without their untiring
and Peter Mullaney, Professors Waqar Bhatti, R.S. Harris and support and patience these editions would certainly not have
A.R. Moody, and to the Departments of Radiology at Kaiser come to publication.
Permanente, San Rafael CA and Manchester University for the We thank them all.
provision of radiographs, CT scans and MR images. J.A.G., P.F.H., J.R.H., I.W., P.L.T.W.
Human Anatomy User Guide
Organization In diagrams showing muscle attachments on bone, the areas are
shown using the muscle colour enclosed by different coloured
This book begins with a chapter on basic anatomical concepts.
lines. In other diagrams colour indicates the extent of a compart-
This is following seven chapters, each with its own introduction,
ment or space.
on the different regions of the body. Information is usually pre-
sented in dissection order, progressing from the surface to deeper
structures. The limbs are described from proximal to distal with
the joints considered last.
Text and Photographs
Where possible the text and photographs are arranged on
self-contained two-page spreads, so that the reader can locate
relevant illustrations without turning a page. Clinical content is
highlighted in blue in the print edition or indicated by enclosing
Coracobrachialis
arrows in eBook versions ( ).
Brachialis
Accompanying Diagrams
Pectoralis major
Adjacent to each photograph is a line diagram in which colour is
Deltoid
used to focus attention on particular structures in the dissection.
The colours usually conform to the following code:
Artery Ligament/Tendon
Labels and Leader Lines
The structures of particular interest in each diagram are labelled.
Bone Mesentery/Peritoneum
A single structure is named in a label either with a single leader
line or by a leader line which branches to show different parts of
the same structure. However, if two or more structures are named,
Capsule/Fascia Muscle
the first has the main leader line terminating on it while the sub-
sequent structures are indicated by side branches given off at
progressively shorter distances from the label. A leader line
Duct Nerve
ending in an arrow indicates a space or cavity.
Fat Organ
Lumen of
vein
Vein,
Fibrocartilage Space
artery
and nerve
Vein
Gland Vein
Hyaline cartilage Mucous membrane
xii Human anatomy user Guide
Orientation Guides Terminology Self-assessment
Next to the diagrams are orientation guides The book conforms to Terminologia Ana- The photographs in the main body of each
in which the following abbreviations tomica, using the English terms. The list of chapter are unfettered by labels, leader
are used: alternative terms relates older non-official lines or other superimposed markings;
L left P posterior pr proximal terms to their modern equivalent. thus, readers can readily test their knowl-
R right A anterior d distal edge by either masking the whole of
S superior la lateral the accompanying diagram and studying
I inferior m medial the photograph alone, or covering only the
labels.
Orientation guides in oblique views
Exams Skills, Clinical Case Skills &
employ large and small arrow heads and
Observations Skills are provided after each
long and short arrow shafts. Here are four
chapter to allow readers to further self-test.
examples:
Answers to Exam Skills and Clinical Case
Skills are at the end of the book; those for
Observation Skills are at the bottom of the
from in front;
same page as the picture.
S
R L
I
from behind;
d
m la
pr
from the left side and
slightly in front;
S
A P
I
from the left side, slightly
above and in front.
S
A P
I
1
Chapter
BASIC ANATOMICAL CONCEPTS
Terms of Position and Movement 2 Bone 10
Basic Tissues and Structures 5 Skeleton 11
Skin 5 Joints 12
Subcutaneous tissue (superficial fascia) 5 Serous membranes and cavities 15
Deep fascia 5 Blood vessels 16
Muscle 7 Lymphatic vessels and nodes 19
Cartilage 9 Nervous tissue 20