human anatomy and physiology lab workbook semester i

129 Pages·2013·8.25 MB·English

HUMAN ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY LAB
WORKBOOK
SEMESTER I
Contents
Anatomy Academy _______________________________________2
Microscope _____________________________________________3
The Cell ________________________________________________6
The Cell Cycle ___________________________________________9
Appendicular skeleton ____________________________________16
Axial Skeleton ___________________________________________35
Skull ___________________________________________________47
Muscular System _________________________________________56
Head and Torso Muscles ______________________________61
Upper Limb Muscles _________________________________65
Lower Limb Muscles __________________________________70
The Nervous System ______________________________________78
Spinal Nerves ________________________________________81
Spinal Cord __________________________________________93
Brain _______________________________________________98
Eye ________________________________________________109
Ear ________________________________________________122
Human Anatomy and Physiology
Lab workbook Semester I
2nd Edition
Somerset Community College Biology Faculty
Elaine Kohrman – Editor
Shawn Stratmann, Clint Hayes – Photos
Rose Kohrman – Design
1
INTERACTIVE ACTIVITIES FOR THIS LAB BOOK CAN BE
FOUND ON BLACKBOARD IN THE ANATOMY ACADEMY
ECOMMUNITY.

Log in to BlackBoard.
Click on the eCommunity tab at the top of the page.
Search for ‘Anatomy Academy’ using the Organization
Search Module.
Enroll yourself in the Anatomy Academy by clicking
enroll in the drop box by the organization ID.

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MICROSCOPE CARE AND USE

(cid:1) Know the names of the parts of the microscope.
USE OF MICROSCOPES
(cid:1) Be able to calculate the total magnification based on the lens used.
1. Before plugging in the microscope, make sure the light is turned
CARE OF MICROSCOPES off.
• Always carry microscopes upright with one hand on neck and 2. Plug in the microscope and turn the light source all the way up.
other hand under base. 3. Start with the scanning power (4X) objective lens.
• Only use lens cleaner paper to clean lenses and slides. 4. Put a slide on the stage and secure it with the holder. Do NOT
• Before putting away the microscope, push the slide UNDER the holder.
• Remember to remove the slide. 5. Center the slide under the light using the mechanical stage
• Reset the lens to scanning power. controls next to the right side of the stage.
• Turn off the light. 6. Focus using the knobs on the side of the base. Start with course
• Unplug the microscope by pulling on the plug, not the focus and then fine focus.
cord. 7. Adjust the light level using the light source dial, the iris
• Always place the dust cover back on the microscope. diaphragm, and raising and lowering the condenser lens.
• Put the microscope in the cabinet with the ocular lens 8. Higher magnification requires more light which increases
going in first. resolution.
• Put the power cord away in one of the top drawers next 9. Recenter the slide on the point of interest.
to your seat. 10. Increase magnification to low power (10X).
11. Focus and recenter.
MAGNIFICATION
12. Increase magnification to high power (40X or 45X). Under high
Total magnification is the magnification of the ocular lens (10X)
power, use the fine focus knob only, course focus adjustment can
multiplied by the objective lens in use. At low power, total magnification is
break the slide.
100X (10X x 10X).

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CELL STRUCTURE MODULE
BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY THE MAJOR STRUCTURES AND ORGANELLES OF THE CELL
Plasma/cell membrane- outer phospholipid bilayer membrane Rough endoplasmic reticulum- located near nucleus, contains
of the cell ribosomes
Cilia- hair like processes Smooth endoplasmic reticulum- located further from nucleus,
does NOT contain ribosomes
Flagella- tail-like process
Golgi apparatus- the “Shipping and Distribution Center” of
Cytoplasm- all cellular components inside the membrane, but
the cell (UPS Warehouse)
outside the nucleus
Lysosomes- vesicles with digestive enzymes
Nucleus
Mitochondria- small bean shaped organelles that produce
Nuclear envelope (membrane)
ATP
Nucleolus

Nucleoplasm
Centrioles- rod-shaped bodies
Spindle fibers- formed by centrioles at beginning of
mitosis
Ribosomes- small organelles, function in protein synthesis
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mitochondrion Plasma
membrane
Golgi apparatus
vacoule
Smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum centriole
cytoplasm nucleolus
Rough Nuclear
endoplasmic membrane
reticulum
ribosome lysosome
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