HUD-0005845 The HUD Lead-Based Paint Abatement Demonstration

142 Pages·2010·5.9 MB·English

HUD-0005845
The HUD Lead-Based Paint

Abatement Demonstration (FHA)

August 1991

The HUD Lead-Based Paint

Abatement Demonstration (FHA)

August 1991

Prepared for the
U.S. Department ofHousing and Urban Development
Office ofPolicy Development and Research

Washington, D.C.

By

Dewberry & Davis
HC-5831

THE HUD LEAD·BASED PAINT ABATEMENT DEMONSTRATION (FHA)
KEY PARTICIPANTS
DEWBERRY & DAVIS· Dewberry & Davis served as the project manager, responsible for
coordinating and conducting supervision of each task, management of all abatement, and preparation of
final reports. Dewberry & Davis personnel performed several operational functions, including field
inspections of candidate units. development of abatement specifications, monitoring of abatement.
solicitation of abatement contractors, contracting with abatement contractors, and data collection.
William G. Fry, P.E., Project Manager

Dennis (Chip) A. Harris, Assistant Project Manager

Mark S. Montgomery. Assistant Project Manager

R. Frederick Eberle, Field Coordinator

Richard A. Baker, Field Coordinator

Kenneth M. Shaffer, Field Coordinator

Douglas S. Williams, Field Coordinator

Rosemary H. O'Neill, Senior Technical Writer

SPEEDWELL, INC.. Speedwell developed the research design, including preliminary unit selection
plan, all field data collection instruments (forms), and the final unit selection plan. Speedwell also
compiled, analyzed, and reported the results of all data received during this project.
Anthony 1. Blackburn, Senior Statistician

James T. Quinn. Analyst

KTA • T ATOR, INC. - KT A was responsible for all XRF testing, development of LBP detection
protocols. testing of units of housing, and conducting AAS and EP toxicity sampling where necessary.
Kenneth Trimber. Project Manager

Charles McCartney. Field Operations Manager

Dwight Weldon. Laboratory Director

TRACOR TECHNOLOGY RESOURCES, INC. - TRACOR developed worker protection and safety
protocols, developed and conducted worker protection and safety training sessions for abatement
contractors, and carried out environmental and personnel monitoring. They performed AAS laboratory
analysis of samples and monitored data collection, and were responsible for final testing of all abated
units.
Daniel Chute, CIH, Project Manager

Bonnie A. Barrows. Laboratory Director

Stephen R. Schanamann, CIH
THE HUD LEAD-BASED PAINT ABATEMENT DEMONSTRATION (FHA)

KEY PARTICIPANTS (Cont'd.)
THE MARCOR GROUP - MARCOR provided lead-based paint abatement for unit prototype
abatements in Baltimore, Maryland. Marcor also assisted in the development of the abatement
methods, substrate identification, abatement monitoring, and data collection.
Jeffrey T. Paulding, Project Manager
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Office of Policy Development and Research
Ronald J. Morony, Director, Division of Innovative Technology

Ellis G. Goldman, Government Technical Representative

Nelson A. Carbonell, Government Technical Monitor

Dorothy R. Allen, Program Information Specialist
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter
Executive Surrunary .......................................... .

Research Design ....................................... ii

Testing for Lead-Based Paint .............................. iv

Worker Protection and Personal Exposure Monitoring ............. v

The Cost of Lead-Based Paint Abatement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii

The Efficacy of Lead-Based Paint Abatement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

Waste Disposal ........................................ xi

Abatement Contracting: Process and Performance ............... xi

Synthesis of Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii

1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

A. The Lead-Based Paint Problem ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-I
B. Legislative Background to the Demonstration ... . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

C. Management and Work Plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6

D. Organization of this Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8

II. Research Design ....................................... II-I

A. Objectives of the Demonstration!
Research Design Objectives ........................... II-I
1. Estimating the Costs of Altemative
Lead-Based Paint Abatement Methods II-I
2. Assessing the Efficacy of Alternative

Lead-Based Paint Abatement Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2

3. Confirming the Adequacy of Worker

Protection Safeguards Used in

Lead-Based Paint Abatement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-3

B. Limitations of the Demonstration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-3

C. Design of the Demonstration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-4

1. Selection of Dwelling Units to be Abated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-5

2. Selection of Abatement Methods ................... 11-7

3. Assignment of Abatement Methods

to Substrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-9

D. Data Collection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II-II
1. Cost Data Collection ............................ 11-11

2. Abatement Efficacy Data Collection ................. 11-12

3. Worker Protection Assessment Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . 11-13
TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
Chapter
III. Testing for Lead-Based Paint III-I
A. The Testing Program ................................ III-I

B. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-2

C. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-3

D. Test Volume and Results ............................. JII-S

E. Lead-in-Soil Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-6

IV. Worker Protection and Personal Exposure Monitoring ............. JV-I

A. Worker Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. IV-l
1. National Institute of Building Sciences
(NIBS) Guidelines ............................. . IV-l
2. NIOSH Evaluation ............................. . IV-2

3. Development of Training Program .................. . IV-S

4. Medical Examination, Blood Tests,

and Respiratory Requirements ..................... . IV-7

B. Personal Exposure Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-8

1. Exposure Monitoring Findings .................... . IV-8

2. Negative Air Control ........................... . IV-13

3. Blood Lead Monitoring ......................... . IV-14

V. The Cost of Lead-Based Paint Abatement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-I
A. Cost Data and Methods of Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-I
B. Cost Estimates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-3

1. Direct Labor Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V -4
2. Indirect Labor Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. V-4

3. Direct Materials Costs ........................... V-6

4. Indirect Materials Costs .......................... V-6

S. Abatement Contractors' Overhead and Profit ........... V-7

6. Total Costs of Abatement by Substrate

and by Abatement Method ........................ V-8

C. The Cost of Disposing of Hazardous Materials .............. V-II

VI. The Efficacy of Lead-Based Paint Abatement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. VI-I
A. Visual Clearance Testing and Final Cleaning ............... VI-I

B. Wipe Test Results and the Efficacy of

Final Cleaning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-3
TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
Chapter
VI. C. Field Analysis of Different Abatement Methods .......... . VI-6

1. Encapsulation............................. VI-7

2. Encapsulation with Flexible Wall

Covering Systems ......................... . VI-7

3. Abrasive Removal ......................... . VI-8

4. Vacuum Blasting .......................... . VI-S

5 Hand-Scraping with Heat Gun .................. . VI-9

6. Chemical Removal ......................... . VI-9

7. Enclosure with Paneling ..................... . VI-lO

S. Enclosure with Gypsum Board ................. . VI-tO

9. Exterior Enclosure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-ll
10. Off-Site Chemical Removal ................... . VI-ll

11. Removal and Replacement .................... . VI-ll

D. Other Factors Influencing the Efficacy

of Abatement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-12

1. Contractor Background ....................... VI-12

2. Condition of the Dwelling Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-13

3. Climate................................. VI-14

4. Product Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-14

vn.
Waste Disposal .................................. . VII-l

A. Hazardous Waste Determination ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII-1

B. Hazardous and Non-Hazardous Waste Disposal. . . . . . . . . . . . VII-4

C. The Cost of Waste Disposal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII-5

D. Waste Processing Observations for

Lead-Based Paint Abatement ....................... VII-7

vrn. Abatement Contracting: Process and Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIII-!
A. Contract Document Development ................... . VUH

1. Abatement Specifications ..................... . VIII-2

2. Bid Quantities ............................ . VIII-2

3. Product Utilization ......................... . VIII-3

B. Abatement Contractor Selection .................... . VIII-4

1. Initial Investigation During Advance

City Team (ACT) ......................... . VIII-4

2. Solicitation Process ........................ . VIII-5

3. Contractor Meetings (Site Visits) ................ . VIII-5

4. Final Abatement Contractor Selection ............. . VIII-7
TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
Chapter
VIII. C. Abatement Contracting Performance ..................... VIII-7

1. Scheduling/Mobilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIII-8

2. Set-up ..................................... . VIII-9

3. Field Coordination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIII-tO
4. Industrial Hygiene Monitoring ..................... . VIII-ll

IX. Synthesis of Findings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. IX-!
A. Cost-Effectiveness of Encapsulation and
Enclosure Abatement Methods ......................... IX-!
1. Encapsulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-2

2. Enclosure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-2

B. Cost-Effectiveness of Removal Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. IX-3

1. Chemical Removal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-3

2. Hand-Scraping with Heat Gun. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-4

3. Replacement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-5

C. Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-6