How to build tutoring systems that are almost as effective as human tutors?

62 Pages·2013·1.57 MB·English

by  Alison Brauneis

How to build tutoring systems that
are almost as effective as human
tutors?

Kurt VanLehn

School of Computing, Informatics and Decision Systems Engineering
Arizona State University

1
Outline
Next  Types of tutoring systems
 Step-based tutoring ≈ human tutoring
 How to build a step-based tutor
 Increasing their effectiveness
 Flame
2
Two major design dimensions
 Personalization of assignments
–  Non-adaptive
–  Competency gating
»  using sequestered assessments
»  one factor per module
–  Adaptive task selection
»  using embedded assessments
»  one factor per knowledge component
 Granularity of feedback, hints & other interaction
o  Assignment (e.g., conventional homework)
–  Answer (e.g., most regular tutoring systems)
–  Step (e.g., most Intelligent Tutoring Systems)
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–  Sub-step (e.g., human tutors & some ITS)
Example: Pearson’s
  Personalization
Mastering Physics
–  Non-adaptive
Ø  Competency gating
–  Adaptive task selection
  Granularity
Ø  Answer
–  Step
–  Sub-step
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Example: Andes
  Personalization
Physics Tutor
Ø  Non-adaptive
–  Competency gating
–  Adaptive task selection
  Granularity
–  Answer
Ø  Step
–  Sub-step
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Example: Cordillera
  Personalization
Physics Tutor Ø  Non-adaptive
–  Competency gating
–  Adaptive task selection
  Granularity
–  Answer
–  Step
A step
Ø  Sub-step
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Example: Carnegie
  Personalization
Learning’s Tutors –  Non-adaptive
–  Competency gating
Ø  Adaptive task selection
  Granularity
–  Answer
Ø  Step
–  Sub-step
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Carnegie Learning’s skillometer shows
knowledge components & current competence
Entering a given
Identifying units
Finding X, any form
Writing expression
Placing points
Changing axis intervals
Changing axis bounds
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Example: Entity-relation
  Personalization
Tutor Ø  Non-adaptive
–  Competency gating
–  Adaptive task selection
  Granularity
–  Answer
Ø  Step
–  Sub-step
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Availability
Non-adaptive Competency Adaptive task
gating selection
Answer-based
Thousands Hundreds Few
feedback/hints
Step-based Hundreds
Tens Few
feedback/hints (few on market)
Sub-step based
Tens None None
feedback/hints
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