How Russia Learned to Talk: A History of Public Speaking in the Stenographic Age, 1860-1930

340 Pages·2020·2.445 MB·English

by  Stephen Lovell

OUPCORRECTEDAUTOPAGEPROOFS–FINAL,4/2/2020,SPi
OXFORD STUDIES IN MODERN
EUROPEAN HISTORY
General Editors
SIMON DIXON
MARK MAZOWER
AND JAMES RETALLACK
OUPCORRECTEDAUTOPAGEPROOFS–FINAL,4/2/2020,SPi
OUPCORRECTEDAUTOPAGEPROOFS–FINAL,4/2/2020,SPi
How Russia Learned
to Talk
A History of Public Speaking in the
–
Stenographic Age, 1860 1930
STEPHEN LOVELL
1
OUPCORRECTEDAUTOPAGEPROOFS–FINAL,4/2/2020,SPi
3
GreatClarendonStreet,Oxford,OX26DP,
UnitedKingdom
OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford.
ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship,
andeducationbypublishingworldwide.Oxfordisaregisteredtrademarkof
OxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountries
©StephenLovell2020
Themoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenasserted
FirstEditionpublishedin2020
Impression:1
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedin
aretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthe
priorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermitted
bylaw,bylicenceorundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographics
rightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeofthe
aboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,atthe
addressabove
Youmustnotcirculatethisworkinanyotherform
andyoumustimposethissameconditiononanyacquirer
PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyOxfordUniversityPress
198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY10016,UnitedStatesofAmerica
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
Dataavailable
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2019946068
ISBN 978–0–19–954642–8
Printedandboundby
CPIGroup(UK)Ltd,Croydon,CR04YY
LinkstothirdpartywebsitesareprovidedbyOxfordingoodfaithand
forinformationonly.Oxforddisclaimsanyresponsibilityforthematerials
containedinanythirdpartywebsitereferencedinthiswork.
OUPCORRECTEDAUTOPAGEPROOFS–FINAL,4/2/2020,SPi
Acknowledgements
Thisbookhasbeeningestationforalongtime,andIcanhardlydojusticetothe
many people who have provided me with insights and practical assistance. But
I must at least mention the colleagues who were kind enough to read and
commentondraftchapters:DanielBeer,SimonDixon,LauraEngelstein,Simon
Franklin, Diane Koenker, Gabriella Safran, and Steve Smith. By far the longest
contribution has come from Simon Dixon, who as series editor has provided
friendlycounselfromtheverybeginning.
I have also benefited from considerable institutional support: an AHRC
Fellowship in 2010–11 allowed me to make my first serious progress with the
project,andsabbaticalleavefrommyowndepartmentatKing’sCollegeLondon
in2016–17gavemethetimetocompleteadraft.Inbetween,Iwasabletogather
somematerialforthisbookalongsideanotherprojectduringanidyllicyearatthe
Kulturwissenschaftliches Kolleg in Konstanz in 2012–13. Of the various places
where I have worked, the Slavonic Library of the National Library of Finland
deservesspecialmention,andinparticularIrinaLukka.
MyeditorsatOxfordUniversityPresshavetoleratedaquiteexcessivedelayin
deliveringthemanuscript.Ihavegreatlyappreciatedthegood-humouredexpert-
iseofRobertFaberandCathrynSteele. Ialsogratefullyacknowledgethehelpful
contributionsoftheanonymousreviewersofthebookproposalandmanuscript.
Thisbookcontainsinrevisedformsomematerialthathasalreadyappearedin
thefollowingtwoarticles:
‘Glasnost’ in Practice: Public Speaking in the Age of Alexander II’, Past and
Present,218/1(2013):127–58,©PastandPresentSociety.
‘Stenography and the Public Sphere in Modern Russia’, Cahiers du Monde
russe,56/2-3(2015):291–325,©EHESS,Paris.
Ithanktheeditorsofthesejournalsfor theirpermissiontoreusethematerial
here.
Finally, a note on transliteration: I have used the Library of Congress system,
with exceptions for well-known historical figures (thus ‘Trotsky’, not ‘Trotskii’;
‘Gogol’,not‘Gogol’’;‘Tolstoy’,not‘Tolstoi’).
OUPCORRECTEDAUTOPAGEPROOFS–FINAL,4/2/2020,SPi
OUPCORRECTEDAUTOPAGEPROOFS–FINAL,4/2/2020,SPi
Contents
ListofFigures ix
Abbreviations xi
Introduction:TalkingasHistory 1
1. Glasnost’inPractice:PublicSpeakingintheReformEra,1856–67 21
2. TrialsandTribulations:TheLong1870s,1867–81 65
3. SmallDeedsandMuffledVoices:TheAgeofCounter-Reform,
1881–95 98
4. TheRiseofPoliticalSpeech,1895–1905 129
5. PublicSpeakingintheAgeoftheStateDuma 166
6. RevolutionaryTalk,1917–18 235
7. SovietTalk 266
Epilogue 295
Bibliography 301
Index 321
OUPCORRECTEDAUTOPAGEPROOFS–FINAL,4/2/2020,SPi
OUPCORRECTEDAUTOPAGEPROOFS–FINAL,4/2/2020,SPi
List of Figures
1.1. VasiliiPerov,TheVillageSermon(1861). 39
2.1. ‘AProvincialCourtroom’. 86
3.1. DrawingoftrialofassassinsofAlexanderII. 99
4.1. GaponwithStPetersburggovernorIvanFullonattheopeningofasection
ofhisworkerassembly,1904. 141
5.1. ThePresidiumoftheFirstStateDuma,1906. 173
5.2. Aneditordictatesthestenographer’stexttoatypist. 179
5.3. ApeasantdeputyinhislodgingsinStPetersburg. 187
5.4. The‘lobby’oftheStateDuma. 189
5.5. PhotographofAlad’in,Zhilkin,andAnikin. 191
5.6. PortraitofFedorGolovin. 201
5.7. PhotographbyKarlBullaofS.V.Nechitailo. 201
5.8. PortraitofVladimirPurishkevich. 203
6.1. Kerenskyexhortsaregiment. 244
7.1. LeningivesaspeechattheThirdCongressoftheCommunistInternational. 277