How Mass Atrocities End: Studies from Guatemala, Burundi, Indonesia, the Sudans, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Iraq

244 Pages·2016·2.762 MB·English

by  Bridget Conley-Zilkic

how mass atrocities end
Given the brutality of mass atrocities, it is no wonder that one question dominates
researchandpolicy:whatcanwe,whoarenotatrisk,dotopreventsuchviolenceand
hastenendings?Butthisquestionskipsamorefundamentalquestionforunderstanding
thetrajectoryofviolence:howdomassatrocitiesactuallyend?
This volume presents an analysis of the processes, decisions, and factors that help
bring about the end of mass atrocities. It includes qualitatively rich case studies from
Burundi,Guatemala,Indonesia,Sudan,Bosnia,andIraq,drawingpatternsfromwide-
ranging data. As such, it offers a much needed correction to the popular “salvation
narrative” framing mass atrocity in terms of good and evil. The nuanced, multidiscip-
linaryapproachfollowedhererepresentsnotonlyanessentialtoolforscholars,butan
importantstepforwardinimprovingcivilianprotection.
bridgetconley-zilkicisResearchDirectorofWorldPeaceFoundation,whereshe
currentlyleadsresearchontheHowMassAtrocitiesEndproject.Sheisalsoanassistant
research professor at The Fletcher School, Tufts University. Professor Conley-Zilkic
has published multiple essays on mass atrocity prevention and response, and on the
potentialformuseumstoengagehumanrightsissues.ShereceivedaPhDinCompara-
tiveLiteraturefromBinghamtonUniversityin2001.

How Mass Atrocities End
studies from guatemala, burundi,
indonesia, sudan, bosnia-herzegovina,
and iraq
Edited by
BRIDGET CONLEY-ZILKIC
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Firstpublished2016
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Howmassatrocitiesend:studiesfromGuatemala,Burundi,Indonesia,theSudans,
Bosnia-Herzegovina,andIraq/editedbyBridgetConley-Zilkic.
pages cm
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
isbn978-1-107-12437-0(Hardback)
1. Atrocities–Prevention–Casestudies. 2. Genocide–Prevention–Casestudies. 3. Atrocities–
Casestudies. 4. Genocide–Casestudies. I. Conley-Zilkic,Bridget.
hv6322.7.h692015
363.34–dc23 2015018947
isbn978-1-107-12437-0Hardback
CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracy
ofURLsforexternalorthird-partyInternetWebsitesreferredtointhispublication,
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Contents
List of Figures pagevii
List of Tables ix
List of Boxes xi
List of Contributors xiii
Acknowledgments xvii
Introduction 1
Bridget Conley-Zilkic
Guatemala: The persistence of genocidal logic beyond
mass killing 29
Roddy Brett
Burundi: The anatomy ofmassviolenceendgames 56
Noel Twagiramungu
Indonesia: Two similar civilwars;two different endings 83
Claire Q. Smith
Sudan: Patterns of violence and imperfect endings 121
Alex de Waal
Bosnia-Herzegovina:Endingsreal and imagined 150
Bridget Conley-Zilkic
Iraq:Atrocity aspolitical capital 181
Fanar Haddad
Index 211
v

Figures
1.1: The escalationofviolence as a result ofVictoria 82and
OperationSofı´a. page 43
3.1: Estimatedtotal deaths byhunger/illnessin Timor-Leste. 90
3.2: Estimated total killingsin Timor-Leste. 90
4.1: War-relateddeaths inSudan 1983–2014. 124
4.2: Causes of death in Darfur 2003–2005. 126
4.3: Violent incidents and fatalities in Darfur 2003–2014. 134
vii