How European aid works

266 Pages·2012·8.78 MB·English

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Overseas Development Institute
How European Aid Works
A Comparison of Management
Systems and Effectiveness
Aidan Cox
John Healey
Antonique Koning
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>CH Library
Overseas Development Institute
0 6. MAR 97
P rtland House
Stag Place
London SW1E 5DP
Tel 017! 39} 1600

ODI Research Study
How European Aid Works
A Comparison of Management
Systems and Effectiveness
Aidan Cox
John Healey
Antonique Koning
in collaboration with
Paul Hoebink
David Naudet
Gorm Rye Olsen
Lars Udsholt
Jiirgen Wiemann
Overseas Development Institute
A CIP Publication data record may be obtained from the British Library
ISBN 0 85003 243 1
© Overseas Development Institute 1997
Published by the Overseas Development Institute,
Portland House, Stag Place,
London SW1E 5DP
All rights reserved. No part of this may be reproduced by any means, nor
transmitted, nor stored electronically, without the written permission of the
publisher.
Printed by The Chameleon Press Ltd, London
Contents
Acknowledgements vii
List of Contributors viii
Acronyms ix
Charts 1-4:
The Structure of EU Donor Organisations xii
Introduction 1
Part I A Comparative Assessment of Organisation,
Management and Approach in Six Major
EU Donor Agencies
1 Comparative Political Structure 6
2 Management of Donor Personnel Compared 18
3 Strategic Objectives, Accountability and Country Programming 30
4 Comparative Project Management 42
5 Comparative Donor Project Effectiveness 61
6 Comparative Policies and Management of Structural 78
Adjustment Assistance
7 EC Co-ordination: Experience and Prospects 95
8 Complementarity: Three Options for Improving EU Aid 107
Effectiveness
Part II Six Individual Donors in the European Union
9 The European Commission: EDF Aid Management 124
Antonique Koning
10 Danish Aid Management 149
Gorm Rye Olsen and Lars Udsholt
11 French Development Aid 165
David Naudet
12 German Development Aid 179
Jiirgen Wiemann
13 Netherlands Aid Management 194
Paul Hoebink
14 UK Aid Management 210
John Healey
Conclusions 223
References and Select Bibliography 235
Index 241
vi How European Aid Works
Tables
1.1 Number and proportion of small programmes in the
ACP countries, 1991-3 11
2.1 Personnel and administration in aid agencies, 1991-4 19
2.2 Comparison of personnel in DG VIII and ODA (1993/4) 21
4.1 Project management 51
4.2 Learning and feedback 57
5.1 Summary of indicators of effectiveness of transport projects
in Tanzania and Kenya 68
5.2 Donor sectoral effectiveness ranking (1 high to
5 low) by percentage of successful projects for
common sectors 76
6.1 Trends in EU donors' programme aid 79
6.2 Donor import assistance and the macroeconomic policies
of selected ACP recipient countries ($m) 85
8.1 Scope for rationalisation in 39 ACP Countries with 8-12
small country programmes 109
9.1 Programmable and non-programmable aid to ACP
countries, Lome I to IV 131
9.2 Lome IV project implementation process for programmable
funds 138
10.1 Danish development administration staff and field
missions, 1985-95 156
13.1 Staff levels of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs 202
14.1 ODA staffing, 1994 214
Appendix Tables
8.1 Sectoral and sub-sectoral use of aid 1987-90 ($m) 119
8.2 Comparison of sectoral distribution of Member States' aid
1990-80 (%) 120
8.3 Sectoral distributions of decisions and payments of EDF
6 & 7 122
9.1 Disbursements of EU Aid, 1990-3 (m ecu) 145
9.2 Organogram of the Directorate-General for Development 146
Figures
8.1 Staffing and size of aid programme in EC delegations 110
•Oil
Acknowledgements
This is a collaborative study between six research institutes: the Centre
for Development Research, Copenhagen, (Director: Knud Erik Svendsen);
DIAL, Paris, (Director: Jacques Loup); the European Centre for
Development Policy and Management, Maastricht, (Director; Louk Box);
the German Development Institute, Berlin, (Director: Hans-Helmut
Taake); the Overseas Development Institute, London, (Director: John
Howell); and the Third World Centre, Catholic University of Nijmegen.
Each institute was responsible for funding its own contribution. ODI and
ECDPM took the lead in the co-ordination of the project and organised
a workshop in Maastricht, 11-12 May 1995, at which donor officials and
research collaborators discussed the preliminary research papers and the
issues arising from them. The record of this workshop has been drawn
on in writing this book.
The authors would like to acknowledge the contribution of Adrian
Hewitt, of the Overseas Development Institute, who conceived the idea
of this comparative study and established relations with the collaborating
institutes. Tony Killick made helpful suggestions on content and
presentation. They are also grateful to the Directors of the Institutes for
their co-operation and help, and to those officials from the six donor
agencies who spared time to attend the workshop and contribute so
constructively.
The authors of Part I would like to thank Geert Laporte of ECDPM
for assistance with Chapters 7 and 8. Special thanks are due to the DAC
Secretariat of the OECD for their advice, documentation and the
statistical work undertaken specially for the project, as well as for
attending the workshop. Each author of the six donor studies is
appreciative of the assistance provided by the staff of the donor agencies
and the European Commission through interviews and documentation.
Thanks are due to Brigitte Bessems and Suzanne Cartigny at ECDPM for
their hospitable and efficient organisation of the workshop, to Graham
Hurford and Christopher Pescud in the ODI library for help with
documentation, and to Margaret Cornell of the ODI for editing the book
and preparing the index.
The British Overseas Development Administration (ESCOR)
provided a grant to the Overseas Development Institute for its research
contribution and co-ordination role in this project and also a grant to
assist with the publication costs of this book. The Overseas Development
Administration provides funds for economic and social research to
inform development policy and practice. The views and opinions
expressed in this study do not necessarily reflect ODA's official policies
or practices but are those of the authors alone.
Vlll
List of Contributors
Aidan Cox is a Research Fellow of the Overseas Development Institute,
London, specialising in European aid policies and effectiveness.
John Healey is an Associate of the Overseas Development Institute,
London, specialising in aid policy and management and the politics of
economic policy.
Paul Hoebink is senior lecturer at the Third World Centre of the Catholic
University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands. His research is mainly on aid
policy, aid evaluation and aid effectiveness of both private and bilateral
and multilateral donors.
Antonique Koning is a Research Fellow who has a joint appointment
with the Overseas Development Institute, London and the European
Centre for Development Policy Management, Maastricht. She specialises
in EU development and external trade policies.
David Naudet is a researcher of the Scientific Interest Group DIAL, Paris,
working on applied macroeconomics and aid analysis.
Gorm Rye Olsen is at present research director (acting) at the Centre for
Development Research, Copenhagen. His current research project deals
with 'Western European aid to sub-Saharan Africa in the post-Cold War
era'.
Lars Udsholt is a researcher with the Centre for Development Research,
Copenhagen, working on aid relations and poverty reduction in Africa
and specialising in the role of the World Bank.
Jiirgen Wiemann is head of the European trade and development co
operation department of the German Development Institute, Berlin,
specialising in aid policies, international trade, and trade and the
environment.