Housing and Belonging in Latin America

344 Pages·2015·2.11 MB·English

by  Christien Klaufus

Housing and Belonging in Latin America
Cedla Latin America Studies (CLAS)
General Editor
Michiel Baud, Cedla
Series Editorial Board
Anthony Bebbington, Clark University
Edward F. Fischer, Vanderbilt University
Anthony L. Hall, London School of Economics and Political Science
Barbara Hogenboom, Cedla
Barbara Potthast, University of Cologne
Rachel Sieder, University of London
Eduardo Silva, Tulane University
Patricio Silva, Leiden University
Cedla
Centrum voor Studie en Documentatie van Latijns Amerika
Centro de Estudios y Documentación Latino-Americanos
Centro de Estudos e Documentação Latino-Americanos
Centre for Latin American Research and Documentation
Cedla conducts social science and history research, offers university courses, and has a specialized library for the
study of the region. The Centre also publishes monographs and a journal on Latin America.
Roetersstraat 33
1018 WB Amsterdam
The Netherlands
www.cedla.uva.nl
[For information on previous volumes published in this series, please contact Cedla at the above address.]
VOLUME 98
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Urban Residence: Housing and Social Transformations in Globalizing Ecuador
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VOLUME 101
Environment and Citizenship in Latin America: Natures, Subjects and Struggles
Edited by Alex Latta and Hannah Wittman
VOLUME 102
Central America in the New Millennium: Living Transition and Reimagining Democracy
Edited by Jennifer L. Burrell and Ellen Moodie
VOLUME 103
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Edited by Ton Salman, Salvador Martí i Puig and Gemma van der Haar
VOLUME 104
Enhancing Democracy: Public Policies and Citizen Participation in Chile
Gonzalo Delamaza
VOLUME 105
Housing and Belonging in Latin America
Edited by Christien Klaufus and Arij Ouweneel
H
ousing and
B
elonging
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in atin meriCa
Edited by
Christien Klaufus
and
Arij Ouweneel
berghahn
N E W Y O R K (cid:127) O X F O R D
www.berghahnbooks.com
Published in 2015 by
Berghahn Books
www.berghahnbooks.com
© 2015 Christien Klaufus and Arij Ouweneel
All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages
for the purposes of criticism and review, no part of this book
may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information
storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented,
without written permission of the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Housing and belonging in Latin America / edited by Christien Klaufus and Arij
Ouweneel. -- First Edition.
pages cm. -- (CEDLA Latin America studies; 105)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-78238-740-4 (hardback: alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-1-78238-
741-1 (ebook)
1. City planning--Latin America. 2. Housing--Latin America. 3. Urban
policy--Latin America. I. Klaufus, Christien, editor. II. Ouweneel, Arij,
1957- editor.
HT169.L3H68 2015
307.1’216098--dc23
2015003075
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 978-1-78238-740-4 (hardback)
E-ISBN 978-1-78238-741-1 (ebook)
Contents
List of Figures and Tables viii
Preface xi
Introduction. Taking up Residency: Spatial Reconfigurations and the
Struggle to Belong in Urban Latin America 1
Christien Klaufus
Part I: The Latin American Context
Chapter 1. The Consolidation of the Latin American City and the
Changing Bases for Social Order 23
Bryan R. Roberts
Chapter 2. Proximity, Crime, Politics and Design: Medellín’s Popular
Neighbourhoods and the Experience of Belonging 43
Gerard Martin and Marijke Martin
Part II: Family and Belonging in Consolidated Settlements
Chapter 3. Debe Ser Esfuerzo Propio: Aspirations and Belongings of
the Young Generation in the Old Barriadas of Southern Lima,
Peru 81
Michaela Hordijk
Chapter 4. On Housing, Inheritance and Succession Among Pioneer
Squatters and Self Builders: A Mexican Case Study 104
Erika Denisse Grajeda
– v –
vi | Contents
Chapter 5. Favela Modelo: A Study on Housing, Belonging and
Civic Engagement in a ‘Pacified’ Favela in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 123
Palloma Menezes
Part III: Spaces of the Urban Middle Class
Chapter 6. Housing Policy in the City of Buenos Aires: Some
Reflections on the Programa Federal 149
Fernando Ostuni and Jean-Louis Van Gelder
Chapter 7. The Boom of High-rise Apartment Buildings in Buenos
Aires: New Spaces of Residentiality or a Motor of Disintegration? 164
Jan Dohnke and Corinna Hölzl
Chapter 8. Living With Style in My Casa GEO: Large-scale Housing
Conjuntos in Urban Mexico 181
Cristina Inclán-Valadez
Part IV: Architectural and Spatial Representations
Chapter 9. Illiterate Modernists: Tracking the Dissemination of
Architectural Knowledge in Brazilian Favelas 209
Fernando Luiz Lara
Chapter 10. Towards Belonging: Informal Design and Dwelling
Practices in Northern Colombia 223
Peter Kellett
Chapter 11. (Re)Building the City of Medellín: Beyond State
Rhetoric vs. Personal Experience – A Call for Consolidated
Synergies 241
Jota (José) Samper and Tamera Marko
Part V: Reflections
Chapter 12. Home and Belonging: Reflections From Urban Mexico 275
Ann Varley
Contents | vii
Chapter 13. One Block at a Time: Performing the Neighbourhood 294
Arij Ouweneel
List of Contributors 321
Index 325
Figures and Tables
Figures
2.1 Mother with memorial for killed son 56
2.2 Medellín seen from the hills 65
3.1 Neighbourhood consolidation and new fences in Trebol
Azul – Pampas de San Juan (Lima) 87
3.2 Professional services now on offer in Trebol Azul – Pampas
de San Juan (Lima) 89
5.1 Pico residents in protest 134
5.2a & b The Morro Santa Marta tramway 138
5.3a & b The Morro Santa Marta as a tourist attraction 139
5.4 Mocidade Unida de Santa Marta Samba School crowded
with people from outside the favela 141
6.1 Location of housing projects developed by the Programa
Federal in the City of Buenos Aires’ neighbourhoods 156
8.1 Material objects 199
9.1 Diagram of the favela construction process 210
9.2 Favela da Serra, Belo Horizonte, Brazil 210
9.3 A middle-class modernist house in Belo Horizonte, Brazil 213
– viii –
Figures and Tables | ix
9.4 A construction worker drawing with a piece of ceramic
brick on the floor to explain his decision process 215
10.1a & b O lga, Jesus and their family outside their house in
1991 and 2008 224
10.2a & b D wellings in the early stages are made from
temporary and recycled materials (left). A household
who have been unable to consolidate still live in a
dwelling of temporary materials (right) 228
10.3a, b & c Well-consolidated dwellings 232
10.4a & b M any recent facades are more colourful and use more
playful forms 234
10.5a, b & c T he changing house of Nancy and Leopoldo: 1986,
1989 and 2008 237
11.1 Homicide rate in Colombia vs. Medellín from 1975 to
2012 247
12.1 Rental housing in San Mateo, Guadalajara 283
12.2 ‘Even under the bed’: Some of the plants in Maria’s
house in Los Encinos 287
12.3 Home and ilusión: Dreaming of a car in Los Encinos 290
13.1 Two models of urban development in Latin America
after Borsdorf et al. 305
Tables
3.1 Squatter settlement: Progressive development 83
3.2 Consolidation of the houses in 1997 and 2010 90
3.3 Possession of artefacts, 1997 and 2010 94
3.4 Percentage of second generation and still living with
parents, in age classes (2010) 95
x | Figures and Tables
4.1 Household structures and characteristics in
consolidated self-help settlements: The case of Mexico
City, Guadalajara and Monterrey 107
4.2 Change of title of homeowners, gender of titleholder
and marital status 110
4.3 Wills, informal arrangements and perceptions about
will-making 111