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horses ponies
&
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THE HORSE FAMILY
Senior Editors Shaila Brown, Steven Carton 8 Early horses
Project Editor Amanda Wyatt
10 Horses and humans
Editorial Assistant Zaina Budaly
US Editor Heather Wilcox 12 Cave paintings
Senior Art Editor Jacqui Swan 14 Who’s who?
Designers Joe Lawrence, Anna Pond, Mary Sandberg, Louise Dick
16 In the wild
Illustrators Clarisse Hassan, Simon/KJA Artists, Arran Lewis
Picture Researchers Sarah Hopper, Geetika Bhandari, Rituraj Singh 18 Herd behavior
Managing Editors Rachel Fox, Lisa Gillespie
US Executive Editor Lori Hand
Managing Art Editor Owen Peyton Jones
INSIDE OUT
Production Editor Gillian Reid
Production Controller Meskerem Berhane
Jacket Designer Surabhi Wadhwa
Publisher Andrew Macintyre 22 Built to run
Art Director Karen Self 24 Body shapes
Publishing Director Jonathan Metcalf
26 Sleeping horses
Writer Caroline Stamps
Consultant Margaret Linington-Payne 28 Senses
30 How horses move
First American Edition, 2021
32 How horses talk
Published in the United States by DK Publishing
1450 Broadway, Suite 801, New York, NY 10018 34 Horses fighting
36 Colors and markings
Copyright © 2021 Dorling Kindersley Limited
38 Mares and foals
DK, a Division of Penguin Random House LLC
21 22 23 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
001–319150–Apr/2021
HORSE BREEDS
All rights reserved.
Without limiting the rights under the copyright reserved above, no part
of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a
retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means 42 Types of horse
(electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise),
44 Light horses
without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.
Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited 46 Arab
48 Thoroughbred
A catalog record for this book
is available from the Library of Congress. 49 Hack
ISBN 978-0-7440-2755-6 50 Steeplechase
52 Barb
DK books are available at special discounts when purchased
54 The Tbourida Grand Prix
in bulk for sales promotions, premiums, fund-raising, or educational
use. For details, contact: DK Publishing Special Markets, 56 Camargue
1450 Broadway, Suite 801, New York, NY 10018 58 Lusitano
[email protected]
59 Selle Français
Printed and bound in China 60 Show jumping
62 Holsteiner
63 Haflinger
www.dk.com
64 Lippizaner
This book was made with Forest Stewardship 66 The Spanish Riding School
Council ™ certified paper – one small step in
68 Andalucian
DK’s commitment to a sustainable future.
For more information go to 69 Salerno
www.dk.com/our-green-pledge 70 Kathiawari
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THE HORSE FAMILY 71 Orlov Trotter HORSE CARE
72 Akhal-Teke
74 Appaloosa
Senior Editors Shaila Brown, Steven Carton 8 Early horses 128 The stable
75 Quarter horse
Project Editor Amanda Wyatt
10 Horses and humans 130 Stabled horses
Editorial Assistant Zaina Budaly 76 Helper horses
US Editor Heather Wilcox 12 Cave paintings 132 Food and water
Senior Art Editor Jacqui Swan 14 Who’s who? 134 Mucking out
78 Heavy horses
Designers Joe Lawrence, Anna Pond, Mary Sandberg, Louise Dick
16 In the wild 136 Grooming a horse
Illustrators Clarisse Hassan, Simon/KJA Artists, Arran Lewis 80 Shire
Picture Researchers Sarah Hopper, Geetika Bhandari, Rituraj Singh 18 Herd behavior 138 Shoeing
82 Farm horses
Managing Editors Rachel Fox, Lisa Gillespie 140 Staying healthy
US Executive Editor Lori Hand 84 Clydesdale
142 Clipping a horse
Managing Art Editor Owen Peyton Jones INSIDE OUT 85 Irish draft
144 Rugs
Production Editor Gillian Reid
86 The Household Cavalry
Production Controller Meskerem Berhane 146 Saddle up
Jacket Designer Surabhi Wadhwa 88 Black Forest horse 148 Types of saddle
Publisher Andrew Macintyre 22 Built to run 89 Italian heavy draft
150 Tibetan saddle rugs
Art Director Karen Self 24 Body shapes 90 Percheron
Publishing Director Jonathan Metcalf 152 Putting on a bridle
26 Sleeping horses 91 Dutch draft
Writer Caroline Stamps 154 Looking after tack
Consultant Margaret Linington-Payne 28 Senses 92 Pulling power
156 Coming back in
30 How horses move 94 Brabant
First American Edition, 2021 158 Show time!
32 How horses talk 96 Horseback fishing
Published in the United States by DK Publishing
1450 Broadway, Suite 801, New York, NY 10018 34 Horses fighting
36 Colors and markings 98 Ponies
Copyright © 2021 Dorling Kindersley Limited HORSE SKILLS
38 Mares and foals
DK, a Division of Penguin Random House LLC 100 Shetland
21 22 23 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 101 Exmoor
001–319150–Apr/2021
102 Surviving the winter 162 What to wear
HORSE BREEDS
All rights reserved. 104 Riding pony 164 Early lessons
Without limiting the rights under the copyright reserved above, no part 105 Welsh Mountain pony 166 Starting out
of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a 106 Icelandic 168 Getting comfortable
retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means 42 Types of horse
(electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), 108 Down from the mountains 170 Which way?
44 Light horses
without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. 110 Connemara 172 Trot on!
Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited 46 Arab 111 Sorraia 174 Learning to canter
48 Thoroughbred 112 Fjord 176 Getting to know the arena
A catalog record for this book
is available from the Library of Congress. 49 Hack 113 Gotland 178 Ready to jump!
ISBN 978-0-7440-2755-6 50 Steeplechase 114 Hokkaido pony 180 Mounted games
52 Barb 116 Free to roam 182 Rodeo
DK books are available at special discounts when purchased
in bulk for sales promotions, premiums, fund-raising, or educational 54 The Tbourida Grand Prix 118 Sumba 184 Advanced skills
use. For details, contact: DK Publishing Special Markets, 56 Camargue 119 Australian pony 186 Dressage
1450 Broadway, Suite 801, New York, NY 10018 58 Lusitano 120 The Pasola festival
[email protected]
59 Selle Français 122 Pony of the Americas 188 Glossary
Printed and bound in China 60 Show jumping 124 Galiceño 190 Index
62 Holsteiner 125 Falabella 192 Acknowledgments
63 Haflinger
www.dk.com
64 Lippizaner
This book was made with Forest Stewardship 66 The Spanish Riding School
Council ™ certified paper – one small step in
68 Andalucian
DK’s commitment to a sustainable future.
For more information go to 69 Salerno
Outdoor activities can be risky and even dangerous, especially for beginners, and there isn’t enough space in this
www.dk.com/our-green-pledge 70 Kathiawari book to cover everything that could go wrong. If you have any health problems, make sure your doctor has given
your plans the thumbs-up. Learn as much as possible about the outdoor activities you want to do, make sure a
grown-up knows where you’re going, and be careful. Stay safe and have fun!
Neither the author nor the publisher shall be liable or responsible for any loss or damage allegedly arising from any
information or suggestion in this book.
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THE HORSE FAMILY
Early horses
Today’s horses evolved from forest-dwelling animals that
fed on bushes and trees. They were small and had separate
toes on each foot instead of a single hoof. Over time, their
legs became longer, allowing them to run faster. Below you
can see the important ways their bodies gradually evolved
The skull
was longer.
into the horse that we know today.
MIDDLE HORSE
Mesohippus, meaning “middle
EARLY HORSE horse,” lived about 40 million years
Hyracotherium was a forest-living ago. It was slightly bigger than
The skull was
early horse that lived more than small and narrow. Hyracotherium and had features
55 million years ago. It was no it shared with both early horses
bigger than a small dog and, (such as separate toes) and modern
had small teeth that were suited horses (longer limbs and skull).
to eating leaves and fruit. It was a leaf-eater.
The back was short
and rounded.
Mesohippus
had longer legs,
suggesting it was
an agile animal.
Hyracotherium
had four toes on
HEIGHT each foot instead HEIGHT
14 in (35 cm) of a hoof. 18 in (45 cm) Mesohippus had three
toes instead of four—
most of the weight
was placed on its
center toe.
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THE HORSE FAMILY THE HORSE FAMILY
Early horses
The skull was
similar to that of
a modern horse.
Today’s horses evolved from forest-dwelling animals that
PLAINS GRAZER
fed on bushes and trees. They were small and had separate
Merychippus was one of the first grass-eating horses,
toes on each foot instead of a single hoof. Over time, their
appearing about 17 million years ago. It had longer
legs became longer, allowing them to run faster. Below you legs than the earlier species, helping it to run fast
and even break into a gallop to escape from predators
can see the important ways their bodies gradually evolved on the open grasslands. Merychippus also had a single
The skull
was longer. weight-bearing toe on each foot—it had remnants
into the horse that we know today.
of other toes, but these didn’t reach the ground.
The single toe eventually evolved to form a hoof. The head
was broad.
MIDDLE HORSE
The back was longer
Mesohippus, meaning “middle
and straighter, with more
EARLY HORSE horse,” lived about 40 million years rounded hindquarters.
Hyracotherium was a forest-living ago. It was slightly bigger than
The skull was
early horse that lived more than small and narrow. Hyracotherium and had features
55 million years ago. It was no it shared with both early horses
bigger than a small dog and, (such as separate toes) and modern
had small teeth that were suited horses (longer limbs and skull).
to eating leaves and fruit. It was a leaf-eater.
The neck was longer,
making grazing easier.
The back was short
and rounded.
The legs were slender and
long, which increased the
horse’s stride length.
Mesohippus
had longer legs,
suggesting it was
an agile animal.
There is evidence that
horses were tamed
by the people of
central Asia at least
4,000 years ago.
Over time, the side
Hyracotherium toes became smaller.
had four toes on
HEIGHT each foot instead HEIGHT HEIGHT
14 in (35 cm) of a hoof. 18 in (45 cm) Mesohippus had three 48 in (122 cm) Merychippus was the
toes instead of four— first one-toed horse.
most of the weight
was placed on its
center toe.
8 9
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THE HORSE FAMILY
2000 BCE c. 3200 BCE
ANCIENT CHARIOT With the invention of the The Ljubljana Marshes Wheel,
WITH SPOKED WHEELS
spoked wheel, carts became found in Slovenia, is the
lighter. Evidence of horse earliest known wheel, as it
Spoked wheels bones found alongside dates back about 5,200 years.
are just as strong as
solid wheels, but are chariots suggests that the LJUBLJANA MARSHES The first wheels were heavy,
WHEEL AND AXLE
considerably lighter. development of this lighter solid discs made of wood.
wheel led to horses being The invention of the wheel
able to pull chariots. soon led to simple carts being
made, which were often pulled
by oxen.
1345 BCE 1300–1200 BCE
The Kikkuli text is an early horse-training The first horse bits were made of rope,
manual. It was written on four clay bone, leather, or even animal horn.
tablets in about 1345 BCE by a horse Metal bits began to appear some
trainer named Kikkuli in the Hittite New 3,300 years ago, and were originally ANCIENT
Kingdom (in modern-day Turkey). The made of bronze BRONZE BIT
WITH JOINTED
manual outlines a system designed to (a mixture of copper
MOUTHPIECE
get horses to peak fitness, and includes and tin). They are
advice on exercise, feeding, and now made of The horse’s
washing them. stainless steel. reins attached
to the ring.
KIKKULI TABLET
1600s 1162–1227
Horses were extinct Genghis Khan, the first
in North America for leader of the vast Mongol
thousands of years until Empire, used horses to
the arrival of the Spanish capture huge areas of land.
conquistadors, with their His armies were skilled at
Spanish-bred horses. Native fighting on horseback,
Americans were soon using and horses also provided the
horses for transportation, hunting, armies with food and clothing.
and bartering between tribes.
c. 1760–1840 1860
During the Industrial A fast postal service started in the US,
Revolution in Europe and going from Missouri to California.
North America, horses It was known as the Pony Express,
were needed to power and it depended on teams of
new types of machinery, horses to cover huge distances.
for farming, for working
in mines, and for transporting
heavy goods.
PONY EXPRESS ADVERTISEMENT
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