Table Of ContentHormone Receptors in Breast Cancer
Cancer Treatment and Research
Steven T. Rosen, M.D., Series Editor
Burt,R.K.,Brush,M.M.(eds):AdvancesinAllogeneicHematopoieticStemCellTransplantation.1999.
ISBN0-7923-7714-1.
Angelos,P.(ed.):EthicalIssuesinCancerPatientCare2000.ISBN0-7923-7726-5.
Gradishar,W.J.,Wood,W.C.(eds):AdvancesinBreastCancerManagement.2000.ISBN0-7923-7890-3.
Sparano,J.A.(ed.):HIV&HTLV-IAssociatedMalignancies.2001.ISBN0-7923-7220-4.
Ettinger,D.S.(ed.):ThoracicOncology. 2001.ISBN0-7923-7248-4.
Bergan,R.C.(ed.):CancerChemoprevention.2001.ISBN0-7923-7259-X.
Raza,A.,Mundle,S.D.(eds):MyelodysplasticSyndromes&SecondaryAcuteMyelogenousLeukemia2001.
ISBN:0-7923-7396.
Talamonti,M.S.(ed.):LiverDirectedTherapyforPrimaryandMetastaticLiverTumors.2001.
ISBN0-7923-7523-8.
Stack,M.S.,Fishman,D.A.(eds):OvarianCancer.2001.ISBN0-7923-7530-0.
Bashey,A.,Ball,E.D.(eds):Non-MyeloablativeAllogeneicTransplantation.2002.ISBN0-7923-7646-3.
Leong,S.P.L.(ed.):AtlasofSelectiveSentinelLymphadenectomyforMelanoma,BreastCancerand
ColonCancer.2002.ISBN1-4020-7013-6.
Andersson,B.,MurrayD.(eds):ClinicallyRelevantResistanceinCancerChemotherapy.2002.
ISBN1-4020-7200-7.
Beam,C.(ed.):BiostatisticalApplicationsinCancerResearch.2002.ISBN1-4020-7226-0.
Brockstein,B.,Masters,G.(eds):HeadandNeckCancer.2003.ISBN1-4020-7336-4.
Frank,D.A.(ed.):SignalTransductioninCancer.2003.ISBN1-4020-7340-2.
Figlin,R.A.(ed.):KidneyCancer.2003.ISBN1-4020-7457-3.
Kirsch,M.;Black,P.McL.(ed.):AngiogenesisinBrainTumors.2003.ISBN1-4020-7704-1.
Keller,E.T.,Chung,L.W.K.(eds):TheBiologyofSkeletalMetastases.2004.ISBN1-4020-7749-1.
Kumar,R.(ed.):MolecularTargetingandSignalTransduction.2004.ISBN1-4020-7822-6.
Verweij,J.,Pinedo,H.M.(eds):TargetingTreatmentofSoftTissueSarcomas.2004.ISBN1-4020-7808-0.
Finn,W.G.,Peterson,L.C.(eds.):HematopathologyinOncology.2004.ISBN1-4020-7919-2.
Farid,N.(ed.):MolecularBasisofThyroidCancer.2004.ISBN1-4020-8106-5.
Khleif,S.(ed.):TumorImmunologyandCancerVaccines.2004.ISBN1-4020-8119-7.
Balducci,L.,Extermann,M.(eds):BiologicalBasisofGeriatricOncology.2004.ISBN
Abrey,L.E.,Chamberlain,M.C.,Engelhard,H.H.(eds):LeptomeningealMetastases.2005.ISBN0-387-24198-1
Platanias,L.C.(ed.):CytokinesandCancer.2005.ISBN0-387-24360-7.
Leong,S.P.L.,Kitagawa,Y.,Kitajima,M.(eds):SelectiveSentinelLymphadenectomyforHumanSolid
Cancer.2005.ISBN0-387-23603-1.
Small,Jr.W.,Woloschak,G.(eds):RadiationToxicity:APracticalGuide.2005.ISBN1-4020-8053-0.
Haefner,B.,Dalgleish,A.(eds):TheLinkBetweenInflammationandCancer.2006.ISBN0-387-26282-2.
Leonard,J.P.,Coleman,M.(eds):Hodgkin’sandNon-Hodgkin’sLymphoma.2006.ISBN0-387-29345.
Leong,S.P.L.(ed):CancerClinicalTrials:ProactiveStrategies.2006.ISBN0-387-33224-3.
Meyers,C.(ed):Aids-AssociatedViralOncogenesis.2007.ISBN978-0-387-46804-4.
Ceelen,W.P.(ed):PeritonealCarcinomatosis:AMultidisciplinaryApproach.2007.ISBN978-0-387-48991-9.
Leong,S.P.L.(ed):CancerMetastasisandtheLymphovascularSystem:Basisforrationaltherapy.2007.
ISBN978-0-387-69218-0.
Raizer,J.,Abrey,L.E.(eds):BrainMetastases.2007.ISBN978-0-387-69221-0.
Woodruff,T.,Snyder,K.A.(eds):Oncofertility.2007.ISBN978-0-387-72292-4.
Angelos,P.(ed):EthicalIssuesinCancerPatientCare,SecondEdition.2008.ISBN978-0-387-73638-9.
Ansell,S.(ed):RareHematologicalMalignancies.2008.ISBN978-0-387-73743-0.
Gradishar,W.J.,Wood,W.C.(eds):AdvancesinBreastCareManagement,SecondEdition.2008.
978-0-387-73160-5.
Blake,M.,Kalra,M.(eds):ImaginginOncology.2008.ISBN978-0-387-75586-1.
Bishop,M.R.(ed):HematopoieticStemCellTransplantation.2008.ISBN978-0-387-78579-0.
Stockfleth,E.,Ulrich,C.(eds):SkinCancerafterOrganTransplantation.2008.ISBN978-0-387-78573-8.
Fuqua,S.A.W.(ed):HormoneReceptorsinBreastCancer,2009.ISBN:978-0-387-09462-5.
Suzanne A.W. Fuqua
Editor
Hormone Receptors
in Breast Cancer
1 3
Editor
SuzanneA.W.Fuqua
BaylorCollegeofMedicine
Houston,TX
USA
[email protected]
ISBN:978-0-387-09462-5 e-ISBN:978-0-387-09463-2
DOI10.1007/978-0-387-09463-2
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2008927341
#SpringerScienceþBusinessMedia,LLC2009
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Preface
Since radiolabeled estrogens were first observed in the early 1960s to be
preferentially concentrated in estrogen target organs — observations that
gaverisetotheconceptofan‘‘estrogenreceptor(ER),’’ithasbecomeclear
thatmanyhumanbreastcancersaredependentonestrogenfortheirgrowth.
Estrogens’mitogeniceffectsaremediatedthroughERsaand(cid:2),whichisthe
therapeutic target for hormonal therapies. The purpose of the book is to
provide an up-to-date resource on the role of hormone receptors in breast
cancer. Since approximately 1 of 8 women in the United States and 1 of 12
womeninEuropeancountriesareaffectedbybreastcancer,therehasbeena
massive effort to understand the mechanisms of hormone action. This
explosion of information has led to exciting new areas of gene-specific
targeting of the disease and breast cancer prevention. Paradigm shifts in
treatment options and sequencing of hormonal therapies have recently
occurredinbreastcancermanagement,necessitatingclosecooperationand
communicationbetweentranslationalscientistsandphysicians.Thisbookis
focusedonprovidingthiscommunication.
The 11 chapters of this book examine many aspects of hormone
receptors, including basic and translational information on the molecular
biology of the ERs, the utility of the ERs for the clinical management of
breast cancer as it relates to assessing clinical outcome and selecting
appropriate therapy, a review on the biology of ER and its role in the
diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, the importance of non-nuclearER
expressioninbreastcancerandotherendocrinetargettissues,theimportanceof
ERs a and (cid:2) inaggressive breast tumors of African-American women, cross-
talk between BRCA1 and ER, and a detailed discussion of the role of ER in
metastasisofbreastcancer.Wehaveincludedthelatestclinicalinformationon
sequencing of hormonal therapies in breast cancer, the use of biomarkers in
presurgical neoadjuvant trials, the problem of clinical hormone resistance,
strategies to utilize hormonal prevention in high-risk patients, and the
elucidation of hormone-responsive phenotypes as defined by state-of-the-art
molecularexpressionprofiling.
v
vi Preface
Iwouldliketoexpressmydeepthankstoalltheauthorsfortheirvaluable
contributiontothechaptersandthesuccessfulcompletionofthisbook,aswell
asMs.LauraWalshandMaureenTobinatSpringerUS.
Houston,TX SuzanneA.W.Fuqua
Contents
HormoneActionandClinicalSignificanceoftheEstrogenReceptora... 1
MatthewH.Herynk,JenniferSelever,JanagiThirugnanasampanthan,
YukunCui,andSuzanneA.W.Fuqua
RoleofER(cid:2)inClinicalBreastCancer ........................... 17
ValerieSpeirsandAbeerM.Shaaban
HormoneActionandBreastCancer ............................. 37
EllisR.Levin
EstrogenReceptorsinBreastTumorsofAfricanAmericanPatients..... 47
IndiraPoola
BRCA1Cross-TalkwithHormoneReceptors...................... 53
EliotM.Rosen,YongxianMa,andSaijunFan
MetastasisofHormoneReceptorPositiveBreastCancer ............. 73
MonicaM.RichertandDannyR.Welch
EndocrineTherapywithSelectiveEstrogenReceptorModulators
(SERMs)andAromataseInhibitorsinthePreventionandAdjuvant
TherapySettings ............................................ 95
ShellyS.Lo,KathleenI.Pritchard,PatriciaRobinson,
andKathyS.Albain
BiomarkersinNeoadjuvantTrials............................... 125
ReginaM.Fearmonti,KhandanKeyomarsi,andKellyK.Hunt
HormoneResistance ......................................... 161
StephenR.D.Johnston
StrategiesofHormonalPrevention .............................. 195
YuxinLiandPowelH.Brown
vii
viii Contents
EstrogenReceptorPhenotypesDefinedbyGeneExpressionProfiling ... 231
MarleenKok,SabineLinn,andMarcvandeVijver
Index..................................................... 249
Contributors
KathyS.Albain LoyolaUniversityChicagoStritchSchoolofMedicine,
DepartmentofMedicine,DivisionofHematology/Oncology,Cardinal
BernardinCancerCenter,Maywood,IL,USA
PowelH.Brown LesterandSueSmithBreastCenter,BaylorCollegeof
Medicine,Houston,TX,USA,[email protected]
YukunCui BreastCenter,BaylorCollegeofMedicine,Houston,TX,USA
ReginaM.Fearmonti DepartmentofSurgicalOncology,TheUniversityof
TexasM.D.AndersonCancerCenter,Houston,TX,USA,[email protected]
SuzanneA.W.Fuqua BreastCenter,BaylorCollegeofMedicine,Houston,
TX,USA,[email protected]
MatthewH.Herynk BreastCenter,BaylorCollegeofMedicine,Houston,
TX,USA
KellyK.Hunt DepartmentofSurgicalOncology,TheUniversityofTexas
M.D.AndersonCancerCenter,Houston,TX,USA,[email protected]
StephenR.D.Johnston DepartmentofMedicine,RoyalMarsdenNHS
FoundationTrust,Chelsea,London,UK,[email protected]
KhandanKeyomarsi DepartmentofExperimentalRadiationOncology,The
UniversityofTexasM.D.AndersonCancerCenter,Houston,TE,USA
MarleenKok TheNetherlandsCancerInstitute,Amsterdam,TheNetherlands
SabineLinn TheNetherlandsCancerInstitute,Amsterdam,TheNetherlands,
[email protected]
EllisR.Levin DivisionofEndocrinologyandMetabolism,Universityof
California,IrvineandtheLongBeachVAMedicalCenter,LongBeach,CA,
USA,[email protected]
ix
