Table Of ContentHormaphidinae from Java (Homoptera: Aphididae)
D. Noordam
Noordam, D. Hormaphidinae from Java (Homoptera: Aphididae).
Zool. Verh. Leiden 270, 24.xii.1991:1-525, figs. a-o + 1-579, colour pls 1-48.— ISSN 0024-1652/
ISBN 90-73239-03-6.
Key words: Aphididae; Aleurodaphis; Astegopteryx; Cerataphis; Ceratoglyphina; Ceratovacuna;
Distylaphis; Euthoracaphis; Glyphinaphis; Mesothoracaphis; Metanipponaphis; Neohormaphis; Nipponaphis;
Pseudoregma; Rappardiella; Reticulaphis; Schizoneuraphis; Sinonipponaphis; Thoracaphis; taxonomy; key;
Java; galls; bamboo; palms; orchids.
Descriptions are given of 18 genera and 56 species, with keys to the apterae and alatae viviparae.
The following new genera and species are described: Astegopteryx glandulosa spec. nov., from Gigan-
tochloa spec. and other bamboos; A. setigera spec. nov., from Styrax benzoin Dryander; Cerataphis potho-
phila spec. nov., from Pothos roxburghii de Vriese; Ceratovacuna floccifera spec. nov., from bamboo; C. ke-
duensis spec. nov., from bamboo; Distylaphis gen. nov. (with type species Schizoneuraphis foliorum Van
der Goot, 1917); Mesothoracaphis gen. nov. (with type species Thoracaphis rappardi H.R. Lambers and
Takahashi, 1969); Metanipponaphis vandergooti spec. nov., from Lithocarpus sundaicus (Bl.) Rehd.;
Neohormaphis gen. nov., with N. calva spec. nov. from Distylium stellare O.K., and Quercus spec.; Nippo-
naphis breuipilosa spec. nov., from Castanopsis argentea (Bl.) DC.; N. javanica spec. nov., from Castanopsis
acuminatissima (Bl.) A. DC., and Quercus spec.; N. multisetosa spec. nov., from Castanopsis javanica (Bl.)
DC; N. semiglabra spec. nov., from Lithocarpus bennettii (Miq.) Rehd.; Rappardiella gen. nov. (with type
species Oregma loranthi Van der Goot), with R. cerina spec. nov., from Dendrophthoë pentandra (L.) Miq.;
R. macrosoleni spec. nov., from Macrosolen cochinchinensis (Lour.) Tiegh.; R. plicator spec. nov., from
Scurrula spec.; R. scurrulae spec. nov., from Scurrula spp.; Schizoneuraphis litseicola spec. nov., from
Litsea amara Bl.; S. longisetosa spec. nov. from galls of Distylium stellare O.K.; Sinonipponaphis hispida
spec. nov., from Lithocarpus indutus (Bl.) Rehd. Astegopteryx unimaculata spec. nov. for Oregma insularis
sensu Van der Goot (1917).
D. Noordam, Edeseweg 58, 6721 JX Bennekom, The Netherlands.
Contents
Introduction 5
Measurements 6
Plates 9
Captions of plates 1-48 17
Keys to the genera 21
Key based on apterae 21
Key based on alatae 24
Keys to the species 26
Key based on apterae 26
Key based on alatae 38
Descriptions 46
Aleurodaphis Van der Goot, 1917 46
A. blumeae Van der Goot, 1917 47
Astegopteryx Karsch, 1890 50
A. bambusae (Buckton, 1893) 53
A. basalis (Van der Goot, 1917) 59
A. glandulosa spec. nov. 63
A. minuta (Van der Goot, 1917) 66
A. muiri (Van der Goot, 1918) 68
A. nipae (Van der Goot, 1917) 72
A. pallida (Van der Goot, 1917) 75
4 ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 270 (1991)
A. vandani (Takahashi, 1935) 81
A. rappardi Hille Ris Lambers, 1953 82
A. rhapidis (Van der Goot, 1917) 86
A. setigera spec. nov. 90
A. singaporensis (Van der Goot, 1918) 94
A. styracophila Karsch, 1890 96
A. unimaculata spec. nov. 99
Cerataphis Lichtenstein, 1882 103
C. fransseni (Hille Ris Lambers, 1933) 105
C. freycinetiae Van der Goot, 1917 109
C. lataniae (Boisduval, 1867) 113
C. orchidearum (Westwood, 1879) 116
C. palmae(Ghesquière, 1934) 119
C. pothophila spec. nov. 124
Ceratoglyphina Van der Goot, 1917 127
C. bambusae Van der Goot, 1917 129
C. bengalensis L.K. Ghosh, 1972 133
Ceratovacuna Zehntner, 1897 136
C. floccifera spec. nov. 138
C. graminum (Van der Goot, 1917) 141
C. keduensis spec. nov. 144
C. lanigera Zehntner, 1897 146
C. panici (Van der Goot, 1917) 150
Distylaphis gen. nov. 154
D. foliorum (Van der Goot, 1917) 155
Euthoracaphis Takahashi, 1938 162
E. heterotricha A.K. Ghosh & Raychaudhuri, 1973 163
Glyphinaphis Van der Goot, 1917 164
G. bambusae Van der Goot, 1917 165
Mesothoracaphis gen. nov. 168
M. rappardi (Hille Ris Lambers and Takahashi, 1959) 170
Metanipponaphis Takahashi, 1959 173
M. vandergooti spec. nov. 175
Neohormaphis gen. nov. 179
N. calva spec. nov. 181
Nipponaphis Pergande, 1906 186
N. brevipilosa spec. nov. 188
N. ficicola Hille Ris Lambers and Takahashi, 1959 192
N. javanica spec. nov. 194
N. multisetosa spec. nov. 198
N. semiglabra spec. nov. 201
Pseudoregma Doncaster, 1966 203
P. bambusicola (Takahashi, 1921) 206
P. montana (Van der Goot, 1917) 211
P. nicolaiae (Takahashi, 1935) 215
P. panicola (Takahashi, 1921) 218
P. pendleburyi (Takahashi, 1950) 223
P. sundanica (Van der Goot, 1917) 226
Rappardiella gen. nov. 231
R. cerina spec. nov. 233
R. loranthi (Van der Goot, 1917) 235
R. macrosoleni spec. nov. 239
R. plicator spec. nov. 242
R. scurrulae spec. nov. 246
Reticulaphis Takahashi, 1958 249
R. distylii (Van der Goot, 1917) 250
NOORDAM: HORMAPHIDINAE FROM JAVA 5
Schizoneuraphis Van der Goot, 1917 259
S. gallarum Van der Goot, 1917 262
S. litseicola spec. nov. 270
S. longisetosa spec. nov. 273
Sinonipponaphis Tao, 1966 277
S. hispida spec. nov. .. 277
Thoracaphis Van der Goot, 1917 ... 279
T. arboris Van der Goot, 1917 281
Acknowledgements 285
References 285
Figures 288
Index 521
Introduction
This is the third part of the series on the aphids of Java. The first two parts have
been published in 1985 (Noordam & Hille Ris Lambers, 1985) and 1986 (Noordam,
1986). Fifty-six species of Hormaphidinae of Java are described in this paper, which
is almost one third of the Javanese aphid fauna.
When these aphids are encountered in nature on bamboos, palms and other
hosts, one is immediately struck by the uniformity of each population. However,
when comparing several populations of the same species the enormous variability,
probably dependent on the age of the population, soon becomes apparent. At no
time did the author trace the adventures of any single population for its entire life-
cycle, but he was able to draw his conclusions only by collecting many populations
at different times over a three-year period. Photographic records proved indispens
able for the establishment of intraspecific variability, the interpretation of which can
be confusing when based on microscopic observation alone. It is clear from Van der
Goot's (1917) book on Javanese aphids that he was not sufficiently aware of this
degree of variability, and consequently described several species which in the opin
ion of the present author belong to a single species.
All Javanese Hormaphidinae propagate by parthenogenesis, and oviparous
females have been found in only one species, Distylaphis foliorum. These oviparae
were described by Van der Goot in an unpublished manuscript. Host alternation
occurs in aphids which have Distylium stellare and Styrax benzoin as primary host
plants. On the basis of microscopic observations, Hille Ris Lambers and Takahashi
(1959) demonstrated host-alternation in Schizoneuraphis gallarum and Reticulaphis dis-
tylii. In the present publication Neohormaphis calva is added to these two species.
It is probably too bold an assumption to suggest host-alternation in a fourth
species, Distylaphis foliorum which has gall-inhabiting morphs on Distylium stellare,
and a free-living generation on the leaves of the same host. There is no doubt that
host-alternation occurs in Astegopteryx styracophila, A. setigera, and Cerataphis
fransseni, but the secondary host plants remain unknown.
Hormaphidinae are remarkable in having larval stages which frequently differ
markedly from the adults. For this reason, larval stages are usually described, in
cluding the kinds of soldiers, in Astegopteryx, Ceratovacuna, Distylaphis and Pseudo-
regma.
Horns and dagger-like or robust setae on the head are characteristic of many
6 ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 270 (1991)
species. In this publication, much attention is also paid to the occurrence of several
kinds of wax glands.These may appear in groups, in the form of button organs, as
separate irregular pustules or as linear areas, s-shaped glands or in the shape of con
volutions or circles.
Discussions have been reduced to a minimum. Some discussions can be found in
the introduction to each species, but the relationships and differences between
species become familiar to the reader from the keys. Differences between alatae are
often extremely slight in some genera which show however, more obvious differ
ences between the apterae.
For the names of the museums in Leiden and London the original names are
used instead of the recently acquired names Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum
and The Natural History Museum, respectively, for matter of convenience.
Measurements
The length of the body is measured in the middle from the foremost border to the
back border; anteriorly this is usually the frons but in Glyphinaphis bambusae some
times a part ventral to the antennae which is situated dorsally. Protruding horns are
not included in the length of the body; the back border of the length is the cauda, but
is sometimes the posterior margin of tergite Vul, or the anal plate, or even, as in Eu-
thoracaphis, some Nipponaphis spp. and Sinonipponaphis, the ventral side of some
abdominal segments.
Two measurements of the head are used in the description: 1. The width of the
head across the eyes, as e.g. in apterae of Astegopteryx, and alatae of all species; speci
mens with the eyes not at horizontal level are not used for measuring. 2. The dis
tance between the outer margins of the eyes is used in apterae of Cerataphis, Glyphi
naphis, Mesothoracaphis, Metanipponaphis, Nipponaphis, and Sinonipponaphis.
The length of the antenna is measured in the middle; if the antenna is bent, the
length is the sum of e.q. three measurements (fig. a). When measuring segments the
membranes are not included (fig. a). The processus terminalis is the distance from
the anterior margin of the distal primary rhinarium to the end of the antenna (figs,
b, c); accessory rhinaria are not used for this measurement. Because in alatae of Hor
maphidinae the distal primary rhinarium cannot usually be distinctly distinguished
from the annular rhinaria, the distance from the last annular rhinarium to the end of
the antenna is measured.
Horns are measured in the middle (fig. d).
The last rostral segment, segment IV plus V, is measured including the minute
setae at the end (fig. e); this unusual measurement is used because the end of the last
segment is frequently indistinct; in the Hormaphidinae described these setae add
about 4-8 μ to the length of the last rostral segment. Stylets are measured from the tip
of the stylet to the expanded base; when the stylet is measured starting from the end,
the fact of whether or not the base is from the same stylet is ignored; of curved
stylets the length is the sum of several measurements of subdivisions (fig. f).
The femur plus trochanter is measured as in fig.g, the tibia as in fig. h, the first
tarsal segment as in fig. i, and the second tarsal segment as in fig. j.
For the fore wing the ratio of: 1. The distance of the base of the radial sector to
the end of the pterostigma at the anterior margin, to 2. The distance from the end of
NOORDAM: HORMAPHIDINAE FROM JAVA 7
Figs. a-j. Measurements. Fig. a, antenna. Figs, b, c, processus terminalis. Fig. d, horn. Fig. e, last rostral
segment. Fig. f, stylets. Fig. g, femur plus trochanter. Fig. h, tibia. Fig. i, first tarsal segment. Fig. j, sec
ond tarsal segment.
8 ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 270 (1991)
Figs. k-o. Measurements. Fig. k, measurements in order to calculate the ratio of 1 :2. Fig. 1, pore of the
siphunculus. Fig. m, measurements of the width of the base of the cauda, of the constriction, of the
length of the knob, and the width of the knob. Fig. n, hair on a horizontal surface. Fig. o, hair directed
obliquely upwards is considered to be length of the hypotenuse χ of the rectangle indicated.
the pterostigma to the end of the radial sector, as in fig. k is sometimes noted.
The outer diameter of the pore is measured (fig. 1). If the pore is distinctly ellipti
cal the mean of the largest and smallest diameter is noted.
Measurements of the cauda, of the width of the base, the width and length of the
knob and the diameter of the constriction are as in fig. m.
The length of hairs is measured from the base to the end (fig. n), the width of the
hair is measured a short distance distal to the process of the hair; the length of the
longest hairs is measured, if other hairs are much shorter, it is expressly mentioned
"longest hairs".
Hairs (and e.g. tibiae) which are not on a horizontal surface are measured as in
fig. o, assuming the size to be the length of the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle
with sides: 1. The measured length, and 2. The difference in level between the base
and the top of the hair.
NOORDAM: HORMAPHIDINAE FROM JAVA 9
10 ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 270 (1991)
NOORDAM: HORMAPHIDINAE FROM JAVA 11
12 ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 270 (1991)
