Table Of ContentHittite Etymological Dictionary
Trends in Linguistics
Documentation 5
Editors
Werner Winter
Richard A. Rhodes
Mouton de Gruyter
Berlin · New York
Hittite Etymological
Dictionary
Volume 3: Words beginning with Η
by
Jaan Puhvel
Mouton de Gruyter
Berlin · New York 1991
Mouton de Gruyter (formerly Mouton, The Hague)
is a Division of Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin.
© Printed on acid-free paper which falls within the guidelines of the
ANSI to ensure permanence and durability.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Puhvel, Jaan.
Hittite etymological dictionary.
(Trends in linguistics. Documentation ; 1, )
Contents: v. 1. Words beginning with A — v. 2. Words
beginning with Ε and I — v. 3. Words beginning with H.
1. Hittite language —Etymology —Dictionaries. I. Title.
II. Series: Trends in linguistics.
Documentation ; 1, etc.
P945.Z8 1984 491'.998 83-25085
ISBN 902793049X (v. 1-2)
Deutsche Bibliothek Cataloging in Publication Data
Puhvel, Jaan:
Hittite etymological dictionary / by Jaan Puhvel. — Berlin ;
New York : Mouton de Gruyter.
NE: Η ST
Vol. 3. Words beginning with h. - 1991
(Trends in linguistics : Documentation ; 5)
ISBN 3-11-011547-6
NE: Trends in linguistics / Documentation
C; Copyright 1991 by Walter de Gruyter & Co., D-1000 Berlin 30
All rights reserved, including those of translation into foreign languages. No part of this
book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval
system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Typesetting and Printing: Arthur Collignon GmbH, Berlin — Binding: Liideritz & Bauer,
Berlin — Printed in Germany
Preface
Granted the glacial progression of this multi-volume opus, some percep-
tible slippage in format and coverage is inevitable, if merely because the
passage of time leaves neither the field nor the author unaffected. As an
example, volume 2 gradually moved towards fuller hyphenated translit-
eration of forms upon first citation, rather than so transliterating only
difficult or ambiguous spellings; starting with volume 3 such transliter-
ation has been made the rule. On the other hand, references to standard
works like Kronasser's Etymologie have been curtailed, particularly in
the wake of the issuance of its index volume.
A list of significant misprints in volumes 1 — 2 (1984) is included at the
end of this volume, intermingled with selective author's corrigenda and
addenda.
The critical reception has been generally positive, even gratifyingly so,
encouraging perseverance with a complex and occasionally wearisome
enterprise. Some reviewer or other may disagree with the treatment of
such untractable items as the notorious sentence particles where ingenuity
has tended to outrun plausibility, or with the evaluation of data from
the minor Anatolian languages, on which Hittite still sheds infinitely
more light than is refracted in return. The three-volume corpus of Hiero-
glyphic Luwian Inscriptions of the Iron Age by J. D. Hawkins will hopefully
consolidate Luwological research, while Lycian, torn between the mag-
nificent soundness of a Laroche and other, oftentimes more dubious
ministrations, still cries out for basic tools of research.
This being the Η volume (an initial which accounts for about one-
sixth of the total Hittite vocabulary and the length of this instalment,
unlike the relative slimness of the Η volume of CAD), the "laryngeal
matter" is likely to claim readers' attention. Critics have complained that
HED tabulates an untraditional (or personal or idiosyncratic) set of
symbols for postulated "Indo-European laryngeals" but fails to state
equally systematically a set of precise correspondences between Hittite
and other reconstructed Indo-European phonemes. There are sound rea-
sons for this discrepancy. "Laryngeals" do not have the same confirmed
epistemological standing in established Indo-European grammar as do
the traditionally posited phonemes (in spite of the recent "glottalic"
theorists bent on disrupting them). Those who have insisted on postulat-
ing a set (preferably low) number of "laryngeals" and hewing to them
Preface
religiously have lulled themselves into a false and premature circularity.
As I stated in my own case in an earlier work (LIEV 62 — 3), "no definite
number of laryngeals was ever postulated, only a reasonably consistent
array of distinctive features and minimal pairs, subject to unsentimental
amalgamation or bifurcation, should additional evidence so warrant". In
HED 1 — 2:x, where my symbols for these laryngeals were given (harking
back essentially to LIEV 56 [1960] and Evidence for laryngeals2 92 [1965]),
I made clear that they would be used "minimally", i. e. only when their
use benefited the understanding of the Hittite word at hand rather than
some wider aims of Indo-European linguistic theory. If this amounts to
operating outside the "mainstream" of Indo-European linguistics, this
setup is purposely contrived for optimal exploitation of the inductive-
deductional circle of historical reconstruction, to afford the Hittite ma-
terial a maximal chance of reasoned confrontation with data from other
Indo-European languages. Excesses are possible, but granted the flexi-
bility and tentativeness of the framework, they are likely to collapse
promptly of their own weight, rather than be cast in concrete and clog
the "mainstream" even further.
Unlike this catch-net attempt to trap the Indo-European sources of
Hittite h, the approach of this work is in general fairly "mainline" as
regards the standard segmental phonology. "Sturtevant's law" is valued
as a criterion, but its "converse" less so, allowance being made for the
simple tendency of "scriptio facilior" as a cause of nongemination. Such
Iate-fangled hypotheses as the existence of "lenition" in Hittite, and
attempts to correlate plene-writing systematically with vowel length, are
generally denied credence as criteria, but cautious use is made of plene-
writing in determining the position of word (and especially paradigmatic)
accent. Apart from this it is the task of a pioneering work to pile up
pieces of cumulative evidence for potential combinatory or exceptional
phoneme changes (e. g. assimilation, affrication, palatalization, delabiali-
zation), out of which cogent correspondences may ultimately be formu-
lated. We are not yet at the point where induction can fully rebound to
the comfort of deductive chart-making: anyone demanding it is asking
to be prematurely short-changed.
Continued assistance from the University of California Committee on
Research has helped defray mundane expenses of material gathering and
manuscript preparation.
J. P.
vi
Contents
Preface ν
List of abbreviations
(additional to volumes 1—2) ix
Dictionary 1
Corrections and additions 443
to volumes 1—2
List of abbreviations (additional to Volumes 1—2)
Alp, Beiträge: Sedat Alp, Beiträge zur Erforschung des hethitischen Tempels
{Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayinlari, VI. Dizi-Sa. 23 [Ankara, 1983]).
AoF: Altorientalische Forschungen.
Beckman, Birth Rituals: Gary M. Beckman, Hittite Birth Rituals. Second Revised
Edition {StBoT 29) (Wiesbaden, 1983).
CHS: Corpus der hurritischen Sprachdenkmäler (Roma).
CIE: Corpus inscriptionum Etruscarum.
Daddi, Mestieri: Franca Pecchioli Daddi, Mestieri, professioni e dignita
nell'Anatolia ittita (= Incunabula Graeca 79) (Roma, 1982).
Documentum Otten: Documentum Asiae Minoris Antiquae. Festschrift für H. Otten
(Wiesbaden, 1988).
Η ED: Hittite Etymological Dictionary (= this work).
Hutter, Behexung: Manfred Hutter, Behexung, Entsühnung und Heilung. Das
Ritual der Tunnawiya für ein Königspaar {Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 82)
(Göttingen, 1988).
JANES: Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society of Columbia University.
Lebrun, Hymnes: Rene Lebrun, Hymnes et prieres hittites (Homo Religiosus, 4)
(Louvain-la-Neuve, 1980).
Lehmann, GED: Winfred P. Lehmann, A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (Leiden,
1986).
Otten, Apologie: Heinrich Otten, Die Apologie Hattusilis III. (StBoT 24) (Wies-
baden, 1981).
Otten, Bronzetafel: Heinrich Otten, Die Bronzetafel aus Bogazköy (StBoT Beiheft
1) (Wiesbaden, 1988).
Peters, Untersuchungen: Martin Peters, Untersuchungen zur Vertretung der indo-
germanischen Laryngale im Griechischen (Österreich. Akad. der Wiss.,
Phil.-hist. Kl., Sitzungsberichte 377 [1980]).
Siegelova, Verwaltungspraxis: Jana Siegelova, Hethitische Verwaltungspraxis im
Lichte der Wirtschafts- und Inventardokumente (Praha, 1986).
Singer, Festival: Itamar Singer, The Hittite KI.LAM Festival. Part One (StBoTll)
(Wiesbaden, 1983). Part Two (StBoT2%) (Wiesbaden, 1984).
Starke, KLTU: Frank Starke, Die keilschrift-luwischen Texte in Umschrift (StBoT
30) (Wiesbaden, 1985).
TLE: M. Pallottino (ed.), Testimonia linguae Etruscae.
Weitenberg, U-Stämme: J. J. S. Weitenberg, Die hethitischen u-Stämme (Amster-
dam, 1984).
ix
