History of Modern Latin America: 1800 to the Present

409 Pages·2016·88.71 MB·English

by  Teresa A. Meade

A HI S TORY OF
MODERN LATIN AMERICA
1800 TO THE PRE SENT
Second Edit ion
TERE SA A. ME ADE

A History of Modern Latin America
ConciseHistoryof theModernWorld
Covering the major regions of the world, each history in this series provides a vigor-
ousinterpretationof itsregion’spastinthemodernage.Informedbythelatestschol-
arship,butassumingnopriorknowledge,eachauthorpresentsdevelopmentswithina
clearanalyticframework.Unusually,thehistoriesacknowledgethelimitationsof their
owngeneralizations.Authorsareencouragedtobalanceperspectivesfromthebroad
historicallandscapewithdiscussionof particularfeaturesof thepastthatmayormay
notconformtothelargerimpression.Theaimistoprovidealivelyexplanationof the
transformationsof themodernperiodandtheinterplaybetweenlong-termchangeand
“definingmoments”of history.
Published
AHistoryof ModernLatinAmerica:1800tothePresent,SecondEdition
TeresaA.Meade
AHistoryof ModernAfrica,SecondEdition
RichardJ.Reid
AHistoryof ModernEurope
AlbertS.Lindemann
A History of Modern Latin
America
1800 to the Present
SECONDEDITION
Teresa A. Meade
Thissecondeditionfirstpublished2016
©2016JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Meade,TeresaA.,1948-author.
AhistoryofmodernLatinAmerica:1800tothepresent/TeresaA.Meade.–Secondedition.
pagescm–(Concisehistoryofthemodernworld)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-1-118-77248-5(pbk.)
1.LatinAmerica–History–19thcentury. 2.LatinAmerica–History–20thcentury. 3.Latin
America–History–21stcentury. I.Title. II.Series:Concisehistoryofthemodernworld.
F1410.M4332015
980′.02–dc23
2015021570
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Coverimage:MercadodeNochebyMarianoGonzalezChavajay,Tz´utuhilMayanartist,Guatemala,1997.
Photocopyright©1998ArteMayaTz´utuhil.
Setin10/13ptPhotinabyAptaraInc.,NewDelhi,India
1 2016
Forthebestsisterever
MarthaG.Meade(1957–2012)

Contents
PrefacetotheSecondEdition xiii
Acknowledgments xvii
1 IntroductiontotheLandandItsPeople 1
Geography 2
People 2
Economies 7
Politics 8
CultureandEntertainment 13
LatinAmerica:PastandPresent 22
TopicsandQuestionsforDiscussion 23
2 LatinAmericain1790 24
ColonialBackground 25
PowerandPrivilege 29
Wealth 30
ColonialAdministration 34
EnlightenedMonarchy 36
TheAgentsof theReform 37
DisorderandRebellion 39
DiscontentandDisorderinBrazil 41
ChangingGenderRoles 42
OntheRoadtoIndependence 44
NationalismandAmericanCulture 44
Conclusion 49
TopicsandQuestionsforDiscussion 49
viii CONTENTS
3 CompetingNotionsof Freedom 51
FiveRoadstoIndependence 52
AfricanSlaveryintheAmericas 53
SlaveryandtheCountryside 57
SlaveryintheCities 58
TreatmentandPunishment 60
SlaveryandtheChurch 60
AfricanMedicineandReligiousPractices 61
ResistanceandRebellion 63
TheSugarColonyof Saint-Domingue 65
TheSlaveRevolt 66
TheRevolutionBetrayed 68
Brazil’sIndependentEmpire 69
IndependenceinMexico 71
SouthAmericanIndependence 73
Post-independenceChangesinRacialandGenderStatus 77
TheLastHoldoutof SlaveryinSpanishAmerica 78
LatinAmericainaChangingWorldOrder 80
Conclusion 81
TopicsandQuestionsforDiscussion 82
4 FragmentedNationalisms 84
SearchingforPoliticalandEconomicUnity 84
NewWorld“Feudalism” 86
Post-independencePolitics 90
ArgentinaandtheTyrants 92
PopulistCaudillismo:ParaguayandBolivia 93
AfterCaudillismo 96
Race,RaceMixture,andLiberalism 97
GenderandLiberalism 100
Intersectionsof Gender,Race,andClass 103
Nationalism 105
Conclusion 108
TopicsandQuestionsforDiscussion 108
5 LatinAmerica’sPlaceintheCommodityChain 110
TheGuanoBoom 111
NitratesinChile 113
TheGrowthof Sa˜oPaulo 116
ColombianCoffee 118