Historical Dictionary of The Salvation Army (Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies and Movements)

833 Pages·2006·20.87 MB·English

by  Major John G. Merritt

RELIGION • HISTORY
HISTORICAL
Salvation
“A must for all who would study the movement.” DICTIONARY
OF THE
—Russell E. Richey, Candler School of Theology, Emory University
ARMY
“Major Merritt’s admirable dictionary fills a long-felt need for a comprehensive,
MERRITT
scholarly reference source of information about The Salvation Army. Here is an
essential tool for anyone interested in the growth and work of this movement. I
strongly recommend it.” —General John A. Larsson,
D
International Leader of The Salvation Army, London H
I
CI
S
Most people are familiar with The Salvation Army, which has more than 1.5 mil- TT
IO
O
lion members and adherents in 109 countries. Many have been directly affected by O
R
N
its activities in health, relief, and community service, but few know much about F I
AC
T
this unique Christian organization, founded in London in 1865 by William Booth, HRA
its first general. This Historical Dictionary of The Salvation Army provides a wealth of EYL

information on all aspects of The Salvation Army—its history, organization, struc-
S
ture, beliefs, and activities around the world. Written by over 150 contributors, this
volume contains a broad introduction, hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary a
entries, a comprehensive chronology, numerous appendixes containing both statisti- l
cal information and Salvation Army documents, an extensive bibliography, and 16 v
A
pages of photos.
a
R
MAJOR JOHN G. MERRITT became a Salvationist in 1966 and was commis- t
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M
sioned a Salvation Army officer in 1968. For the next 33 years he served in pastoral,
o
inner-city, editorial, educational, and historical agency appointments in the U.S.
and Chile, retiring with the rank of major in 2001 after 11 years as director of The Yn
Salvation Army’s Southern Historical Center in Atlanta, Georgia.
For orders and information please contact the publisher
SCARECROW PRESS, INC.
A wholly owned subsidiary of
The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. EDITED BY
ISBN-13: 978-0-8108-5344-7
4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200 MAJOR JOHN G. MERRITT
ISBN-10: 0-8108-5344-2
Lanham, Maryland 20706
1-800-462-6420 (cid:129) fax [phone]
www.scarecrowpress.com
Cover photo courtesy of The Salvation Army
Cover design by Allison Nealon
HHDD SSaallvvaattiioonn AArrmmyy LLIITTHHOO..iinndddd 11 77//33//0066 22::3388::2244 PPMM
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Historical Dictionary of
The Salvation Army
Edited by
Major John G. Merritt
The Scarecrow Press, Inc.
Lanham, Maryland • Toronto • Oxford
2006
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SCARECROWPRESS,INC.
Published in the United States of America
by Scarecrow Press, Inc.
Awholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc.
4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706
www.scarecrowpress.com
PO Box 317
Oxford
OX2 9RU, UK
Copyright ©2006 by Major John G. Merritt
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission
of the publisher.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Historical dictionary of the Salvation Army / edited by John G. Merritt.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-8108-5344-7 (hardcover : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-8108-5344-2 (hardcover : alk. paper)
1. Salvation Army—Dictionaries. I. Merritt, John G.
BX9721.3.H57 2006
287.9'603—dc22 2006001049
(cid:2)™
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of
American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper
for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992.
Manufactured in the United States of America.
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In Memoriam
Commissioner Norman S. Marshall Jr. (1920–1995),
mentor in Salvationism
Commissioner Alfred J. Gilliard (1899–1973),
gentle encourager, unassuming guide
Lt.-Colonel William Burrows (1913–1992),
demanding editor, patient teacher
Lt.-Colonel Cyril Barnes (1912–1996),
“father” of Salvation Army archives
and “grandfather” of this volume
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Contents
Series Editor’s Foreword, by Jon Woronoff vii
Foreword by General Shaw Clifton ix
Editor’s Preface xi
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations xvii
Chronology xix
Introduction xxxi
THE DICTIONARY 1
Appendixes
A. The Generals of The Salvation Army 671
B. The Chiefs of the Staff of The Salvation Army 672
C. Wives of the Generals of The Salvation Army 673
D. Children of William and Catherine Booth 674
E. Doctrines of The Salvation Army 675
F. International Spiritual Life Commission Affirmations 677
G. Ranks and Designations 681
H. Commissioners, 1880–2005 682
I. Recipients of the Order of the Founder, 1920–2005 711
Bibliographical Essay 719
Bibliography 723
Contributor List 793
v
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Series Editor’s Foreword
It’s amazing how many people are familiar with the soldiers of The Sal-
vation Army. With at least a million adult members and adherents in
more than a hundred countries around the world, these “warriors” are
increasingly present. Their striking uniforms and band accompaniment
are easy to identify. Moreover, they appear where they’re needed most,
whether coming to the aid of victims of natural disasters and warfare or
providing assistance to alcoholics and drug addicts. Yet while they’re
unquestionably familiar, not many who see and hear them know how
The Salvation Army was founded and evolved, why it functions as an
“army,” and what its basic beliefs and goals are.
The purpose of this Historical Dictionary of The Salvation Army is to
educate the public about not only one of the most visible but also one
of the most admired and highly praised religious movements. The in-
troduction places The Salvation Army in a broader context, while the
chronology follows its relatively short but certainly active career. The
dictionary covers a wide range of subjects, with entries on the founders,
early and current leaders, structure, “orders and regulations,” basic be-
liefs, and goals of the organization. Since it went international in
1880—only 15 years after its founding—the Army has spread, estab-
lishing activities in various countries and regions around the world.
Unlike most other volumes in the series, this dictionary was written
by a large number of contributors, specialists in their specific fields or
regions. The general editor, Major John G. Merritt (who also wrote sev-
eral entries), retired in 2001 after spending more than three decades
with The Salvation Army and a total of 12 years as director of the
Southern Historical Center in Atlanta, Georgia. He also wrote for both
Army periodicals and several non-Army publications, served on the ed-
itorial staff of the USA National Publications Department (which in-
cluded being editor of one of the Spanish-language editions of The War
vii
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viii • SERIES EDITOR’S FOREWORD
Cry), and held pastoral and educational appointments in both the U.S.
and Chile. The names and locations of the more than 150 contributors
can be found at the end of the book. They and Major Merritt have com-
piled a unique reference work not only for those curious about The Sal-
vation Army but also for members of the organization eager to broaden
their knowledge.
—Jon Woronoff
Series Editor
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Foreword by General Shaw Clifton
When God raised up The Salvation Army He knew precisely what He
was doing. Few human eyes, however, would have foreseen all that
would ensue from William Booth’s moment of youthful self-offering
and abandonment to the will of God. The Army is still a work in
progress. The story is unfinished.
This splendid volume helps to tell the story to date as it has unfolded
now across three centuries. The Historical Dictionary of The Salvation
Army is crammed with information and has been compiled with con-
siderable scholarship and skill. I record my personal thanks to Major
John Merritt and his international team of writers for a remarkable
achievement.
It is my prayer that this book will be used to God’s glory, and that
readers will be impressed not so much by anything or anyone connected
with the Army, but will instead have cause to reflect upon the matchless
love of God shown in Jesus Christ, a love that still inspires Salvation-
ists on five continents to share the Good News of salvation in Christ and
to reach out compassionately in His Name to those in need.
—General Shaw Clifton
International Leader of The Salvation Army, 2006
ix