Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

771 Pages·2016·6.95 MB·English

by  Emizet Francois Kisangani

The historical dictionaries present essential information on a broad range of subjects,
includingAmericanandworldhistory,art,business,cities,countries,cultures,customs,
film, global conflicts, international relations, literature, music, philosophy, religion,
sports,andtheater.Writtenbyexperts,allcontainhighlyinformativeintroductoryessays
on the topic and detailed chronologies that, in some cases, cover vast historical time
periodsbutstillmanagetoheavilyfeaturemorerecentevents.
BriefA–Zentriesdescribethemainpeople,events,politics,socialissues,institutions,
and policies that make the topic unique, and entries are cross-referenced for ease of
browsing.Extensivebibliographiesaredividedintoseveralgeneralsubjectareas,provid-
ingexcellentaccesspointsforstudents,researchers,andanyonewantingtoknowmore.
Additionally, maps, photographs, and appendixes of supplemental information aid high
schoolandcollegestudentsdoingtermpapersorintroductoryresearchprojects.Inshort,
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thesefields.
HISTORICALDICTIONARIESOFAFRICA
JonWoronoff,SeriesEditor
Senegal,SecondEdition,byAndrewF.ClarkandLucieColvinPhillips.1994.
ComoroIslands,byMartinOttenheimerandHarrietOttenheimer.1994.
Benin,ThirdEdition,bySamuelDecalo.1995.
Uganda,byM.LouisePirouet.1995.
Togo,ThirdEdition,bySamuelDecalo.1996.
Tanzania,SecondEdition,byThomasP.OfcanskyandRodgerYeager.1997.
Chad,ThirdEdition,bySamuelDecalo.1997.
Guinea-Bissau,ThirdEdition,byRichardLobbanandPeterMendy.1997.
Tunisia,SecondEdition,byKennethJ.Perkins.1997.
BurkinaFaso,SecondEdition,byDanielMilesMcFarlandandLawrenceRupley.1998.
EquatorialGuinea,ThirdEdition,byMaxLiniger-Goumaz.2000.
Kenya,SecondEdition,byRobertM.MaxonandThomasP.Ofcansky.2000.
SouthAfrica,SecondEdition,byChristopherSaundersandNicholasSouthey.2000.
Swaziland,SecondEdition,byAlanR.Booth.2000.
Djibouti,byDaoudA.AlwanandYohanisMibrathu.2000.
Liberia,SecondEdition,byD.ElwoodDunn,AmosJ.Beyan,andCarlPatrickBurrowes.
2001.
Zimbabwe,ThirdEdition,byStevenC.RubertandR.KentRasmussen.2001.
Sudan,ThirdEdition,byRichardA.LobbanJr.,RobertS.Kramer,andCarolynFluehr-
Lobban.2002.
Somalia,SecondEdition,byMohamedHajiMukhtar.2002.
Mozambique,SecondEdition,byMarioAzevedo,EmmanuelNnadozie,andToméMbuia
João.2003.
Egypt,ThirdEdition,byArthurGoldschmidtJr.andRobertJohnston.2003.
Lesotho,byScottRosenberg,RichardWeisfelder,andMichelleFrisbie-Fulton.2004.
Ethiopia,NewEdition,byDavidH.ShinnandThomasP.Ofcansky.2004.
Guinea,FourthEdition,byThomasO’ToolewithJaniceE.Baker.2005.
WesternSahara,ThirdEdition,byAnthonyG.Pazzanita.2005.
Ghana,ThirdEdition,byDavidOwusu-Ansah.2005.
Madagascar,SecondEdition,byPhilipM.AllenandMaureenCovell.2005.
SierraLeone,NewEdition,byC.MagbailyFyle.2005.
Libya,FourthEdition,byRonaldBruceStJohn.2006.
Gabon,ThirdEdition,byDavidE.GardinierandDouglasA.Yates.2006.
Algeria,ThirdEdition,byPhillipNaylor.2006.
Burundi,ThirdEdition,byEllenK.Eggers.2007.
Republic of Cape Verde, Fourth Edition, by Richard A. Lobban Jr. and Paul Khalil
Saucier.2007.
Zambia,ThirdEdition,byDavidJ.Simon,JamesR.Pletcher,andBrianV.Siegel.2008.
Mali, Fourth Edition, by Pascal James Imperato, Gavin H. Imperato, and Austin C.
Imperato.2008.
Botswana,FourthEdition,byFredMorton,JeffRamsay,andPartThembaMgadla.2008.
Mauritania,ThirdEdition,byAnthonyG.Pazzanita.2009.
Nigeria,byToyinFalolaandAnnGenova.2009.
Republic of Cameroon, Fourth Edition, by Mark Dike DeLancey, Rebecca Mbuh, and
MarkW.DeLancey.2010.
Eritrea,SecondEdition,byDanConnellandTomKillion.2011.
Angola,SecondEdition,byW.MartinJames.2011.
Malawi,FourthEdition,byOwenJ.M.Kalinga.2012.
Niger,FourthEdition,byAbdourahmaneIdrissaandSamuelDecalo.2012.
RepublicoftheCongo,FourthEdition,byJohnF.ClarkandSamuelDecalo.2012.
Namibia,SecondEdition,byVictorL.Tonchi,WilliamA.Lindeke,andJohnJ.Grotpet-
er.2012.
Benin,FourthEdition,byMathurinC.HoungnikpoandSamuelDecalo.2013.
BurkinaFaso,ThirdEdition,byLawrenceRupley,LamissaBangali,andBoureimaDi-
amitani.2013.
Sudan,FourthEdition,byRobertS.Kramer,RichardA.LobbanJr.,andCarolynFluehr-
Lobban.2013.
Ethiopia,SecondEdition,byDavidH.ShinnandThomasP.Ofcansky.2013.
Egypt,FourthEdition,byArthurGoldschmidtJr.2013.
Lesotho,SecondEdition,byScottRosenbergandRichardF.Weisfelder.2013.
RepublicofGuinea-Bissau,FourthEdition,byPeterKaribeMendyandRichardA.Lob-
banJr.2013.
Guinea, Fifth Edition, by Mohamed Saliou Camara, Thomas E. O’Toole, and Janice E.
Baker.2013.
Ghana,FourthEdition,byDavidOwusu-Ansah.2014.
Libya,FifthEdition,byRonaldBruceStJohn.2014.
Kenya,ThirdEdition,byRobertM.MaxonandThomasP.Ofcansky.2014.
Algeria,FourthEdition,byPhillipNaylor.2015.
Rwanda,SecondEdition,byAimableTwagilamana.2016.
Côted’Ivoire(TheIvoryCoast),ThirdEdition,byCyrilK.Daddieh.2016.
Central African Republic, New Edition, by Richard Bradshaw and Juan Fandos-Rius.
2016.
TheGambia,FifthEdition,byDavidPerfect.2016.
Morocco,ThirdEdition,byThomasK.ParkandAomarBoum.2016.
DemocraticRepublicoftheCongo,FourthEdition,byEmizetFrançoisKisangani.2016.

Historical Dictionary of
the Democratic Republic
of the Congo
Fourth Edition
Emizet François Kisangani
ROWMAN&LITTLEFIELD
Lanham•Boulder•NewYork•London
PublishedbyRowman&Littlefield
AwhollyownedsubsidiaryofTheRowman&LittlefieldPublishingGroup,Inc.
UnitA,WhitacreMews,26-34StannaryStreet,LondonSE114AB
www.rowman.com
UnitA,WhitacreMews,26-34StannaryStreet,LondonSE114AB
Copyright©2016byEmizetFrançoisKisangani
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformorbyany
electronicormechanicalmeans,includinginformationstorageandretrievalsystems,
withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher,exceptbyareviewerwhomayquote
passagesinareview.
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationInformationAvailable
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Kisangani,EmizetF.,author.
Title:HistoricaldictionaryoftheDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo/EmizetFrançoisKisangani.
Othertitles:HistoricaldictionariesofAfrica(Unnumbered)
Description:Fourthedition.|Lanham:Rowman&Littlefield,2016.|Series:Historicaldictionaries
ofAfrica|Includesbibliographicalreferences.
Identifiers:LCCN2016020673(print)|LCCN2016021028(ebook)|ISBN9781442273153(hard-
cover:alk.paper)|ISBN9781442273160(electronic)
Subjects:LCSH:Congo(DemocraticRepublic)—History—Dictionaries.
Classification:LCCDT650.17.B632016(print)|LCCDT650.17(ebook)|DDC967.51003—dc23
LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2016020673
TMThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsofAmerican
NationalStandardforInformationSciencesPermanenceofPaperforPrintedLibrary
Materials,ANSI/NISOZ39.48-1992.
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
Contents
Editor’sForeword ix
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiii
Reader’sNotes xv
GuidetoNameChanges xvii
AcronymsandAbbreviations xix
Maps xxix
Chronology xxxi
Introduction 1
THEDICTIONARY 47
AppendixA:EvolutionofProvincesinCongoOrganizedby
FundamentalLaws(1960) 639
AppendixB:RulersofCongo,1885–1960 641
AppendixC:RulersofCongo,1960–2015 643
Bibliography 645
AbouttheAuthor 719
vii