Table Of ContentThe historical dictionaries present essential information on a broad range of subjects,
includingAmericanandworldhistory,art,business,cities,countries,cultures,customs,
film, global conflicts, international relations, literature, music, philosophy, religion,
sports,andtheater.Writtenbyexperts,allcontainhighlyinformativeintroductoryessays
of the topic and detailed chronologies that, in some cases, cover vast historical time
periodsbutstillmanagetoheavilyfeaturemorerecentevents.
BriefA–Zentriesdescribethemainpeople,events,politics,socialissues,institutions,
and policies that make the topic unique, and entries are cross-referenced for ease of
browsing.Extensivebibliographiesaredividedintoseveralgeneralsubjectareas,provid-
ingexcellentaccesspointsforstudents,researchers,andanyonewantingtoknowmore.
Additionally, maps, photographs, and appendixes of supplemental information aid high
schoolandcollegestudentsdoingtermpapersorintroductoryresearchprojects.Inshort,
thehistoricaldictionariesaretheperfectstartingpointforanyonelookingtoresearchin
thesefields.
HISTORICALDICTIONARIESOFWAR,REVOLUTION,
ANDCIVILUNREST
JonWoronoff,SeriesEditor
TheUnitedStates–MexicanWar,byEdwardH.MoseleyandPaulC.ClarkJr.1997.
WorldWarI,byIanV.Hogg.1998.
TheUnitedStatesMarineCorps,byHarryA.Gailey.1998.
TheWarsoftheFrenchRevolution,byStevenT.Ross.1998.
TheSpanish-AmericanWar,byBradK.Berner.1998.
ThePersianGulfWar,byClaytonR.Newell.1998.
TheUnitedStatesAirForceandItsAntecedents,byMichaelRobertTerry.1999.
WorldWarII:TheWarAgainstJapan,byAnneSharpWells.1999.
BritishandIrishCivilWars,byMartynBennett.2000.
TheColdWar,byJosephSmithandSimonDavis.2000.
AncientGreekWarfare,byIainSpence.2002.
TheCrimeanWar,byGuyArnold.2002.
TheUnitedStatesArmy:AHistoricalDictionary,byClaytonR.Newell.2002.
TheChineseCivilWar,byEdwinPak-wahLeung.2002.
TheCrusades,byCorlissK.Slack.2003.
AncientEgyptianWarfare,byRobertG.Morkot.2003.
TheFrenchRevolution,byPaulR.Hanson.2004.
ArmsControlandDisarmament,byJeffreyA.LarsenandJamesM.Smith.2005.
TheRusso-JapaneseWar,byRotemKowner.2005.
Afghan Wars, Revolutions, and Insurgencies, Second Edition, by Ludwig W. Adamec.
2005.
TheWarof1812,byRobertMalcomson.2006.
TheArab-IsraeliConflict,byP.R.Kumaraswamy.2006.
Nuclear,Biological,andChemicalWarfare,byBenjaminC.GarrettandJohnHart.2007.
CivilWarsinAfrica,SecondEdition,byGuyArnold.2008.
TheNorthernIrelandConflict,byGordonGillespie.2008.
TheAnglo-BoerWar,byFransjohanPretorius.2009.
TheZuluWars,byJohnLaband.2009.
Terrorism,ThirdEdition,bySeanK.AndersonwithStephenSloan.2009.
AmericanRevolution,SecondEdition,byTerryM.Mays.2010.
“DirtyWars,”SecondEdition,byDavidKohutandOlgaVilella.2010.
KoreanWar,SecondEdition,byPaulM.Edwards.2010.
Holocaust,SecondEdition,byJackR.Fischel.2010.
UnitedStatesNavy,SecondEdition,byJamesM.MorrisandPatriciaM.Kearns.2011.
WarinVietnam,byRonaldB.FrankumJr.2011.
TheCivilWar,SecondEdition,byTerryL.Jones.2011.
SpanishCivilWar,byFranciscoJ.RomeroSalvadó.2013.
TheCrusades,SecondEdition,byCorlissK.Slack.2013.
Historical Dictionary of the
Crusades
Second Edition
Corliss K. Slack
TheScarecrowPress,Inc.
Lanham•Toronto•Plymouth,UK
2013
PublishedbyScarecrowPress,Inc.
AwhollyownedsubsidiaryofTheRowman&LittlefieldPublishingGroup,Inc.
4501ForbesBoulevard,Suite200,Lanham,Maryland20706
http://www.scarecrowpress.com
10ThornburyRoad,PlymouthPL67PP,UnitedKingdom
Copyright©2013byCorlissK.Slack
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformorbyany
electronicormechanicalmeans,includinginformationstorageandretrievalsystems,
withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher,exceptbyareviewerwhomayquote
passagesinareview.
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationInformationAvailable
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Slack,CorlissKonwiser,1955–
Historicaldictionaryofthecrusades/CorlissK.Slack.—Secondedition.
pagescm.—(Historicaldictionariesofwar,revolution,andcivilunrest)
Includesbibliographicalreferences.
ISBN978-0-8108-7830-3(cloth:alk.paper)—ISBN978-0-8108-7831-0(ebook)
1.Crusades—Dictionaries.2.Europe—History,Military—Dictionaries.3.Europe—Churchhisto-
ry—600–1500—Dictionaries.4.IslamicEmpire—History,Military—Dictionaries.I.Title.
D155.S532013
909.07—dc23
2012050090
ThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsofAmerican
NationalStandardforInformationSciencesPermanenceofPaperforPrintedLibrary
Materials,ANSI/NISOZ39.48-1992.
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.
ThisbookisdedicatedtoMelvinJosephKonwiser
(23July1926to11June2003).
Mittoangelummeumantefaciemtuamquipraeparabitviamtuam.
—Vulg.Mark1:2b
Contents
Editor’sForeword xi
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xv
Reader’sNotes xvii
Photos xix
Maps xxiii
Chronology xxv
Introduction 1
THEDICTIONARY 11
Bibliography 303
AbouttheAuthor 379
ix
