Historical Dictionary of Renaissance Art (Historical Dictionaries of Literature and the Arts)

613 Pages·2007·5.1 MB·English

by  Lilian H. Zirpolo

ART (cid:129) HISTORY ZIRPOLO
HISTORICAL DICTIONARY OF
Historical Dictionaries of Literature and the Arts, No. 21 r e n a i s s a n c e
The Renaissance was launched in Italy and gradually spread to the Ar t
HISTORICAL
Netherlands, Germany, Spain, France, and other parts of Europe and the
DICTIONARY
New World—featuring figures like Robert Campin, Jan van Eyck, Rogier van
OF
der Weyden, Albrecht Dürer, and Albrecht Altdorfer. This period produced
r
some icons of civilization, including Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa and The
Last Supper and Michelangelo’s Sistine ceiling, Pietà, and David. Marked as
e
one of the greatest movements in history, this outburst of creativity resulted
in the most influential artistic revolution to have ever taken place. The period n
produced an astonishing number of masters, among them Donatello, Filippo
Brunelleschi, Masaccio, Sandro Botticelli, Raphael, Titian, and Tintoretto, who a
were fortunate to work in an environment that encouraged creativity and who
enjoyed the financial backing of eager patrons who believed in the power of i
art as manifestation of social, political, religious, and intellectual attitudes. s
The result was an outstanding number of exceptional works of art and archi-
s
tecture that pushed human potential to new heights, among them Masaccio’s
a
Holy Trinity, Donatello’s Judith and Holofernes, Leon Battista Alberti’s Tempio
Malatestiano, Botticelli’s Primavera, Giovanni Bellini’s San Giobbe Altarpiece,
n
Raphael’s School of Athens, and Titian’s Venus of Urbino.
Historical Dictionary of Renaissance Art covers the years 1250 to 1648 c
through a list of acronyms and abbreviations, a chronology, an introductory
essay, a bibliography, and more than 500 cross-referenced dictionary entries e
on major Renaissance painters, sculptors, architects, and patrons, as well as
A
relevant historical figures and events, artistic centers, schools and periods,
and major themes and subjects.
LILIAN H. ZIRPOLO received her Ph.D. in art history from Rutgers University.
She specializes in the early modern era, with emphasis on the art of 17th-
century Rome. r
t
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ISBN-13: 978-0-8108-5800-8
COVER IMAGE: Paolo Veronese, Mars and Venus United by Love, ISBN-10: 0-8108-5800-2
c. 1570, oil on canvas. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, John
Stewart Kennedy Fund, 1910 (10.189), Image © 1988, The LILIAN H. ZIRPOLO
Metropolitan Museum of Art.
COVER DESIGN by Allison Nealon.
HHDD RReennaaiissssaannccee AArrtt__LLIITTHHOO..iinndddd 11 1100//55//0077 1111::2233::4444 AAMM
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HISTORICALDICTIONARIES OF
LITERATURE AND THE ARTS
Jon Woronoff, Series Editor
1. Science Fiction Literature, by Brian Stableford, 2004.
2. Hong Kong Cinema, by Lisa Odham Stokes, 2007.
3. American Radio Soap Operas,by Jim Cox, 2005.
4. Japanese Traditional Theatre,by Samuel L. Leiter, 2006.
5. Fantasy Literature,by Brian Stableford, 2005.
6. Australian and New Zealand Cinema,by Albert Moran and
Errol Vieth, 2006.
7. African-American Television, by Kathleen Fearn-Banks, 2006.
8. Lesbian Literature,by Meredith Miller, 2006.
9. Scandinavian Literature and Theater,by Jan Sjåvik, 2006.
10. British Radio,by Seán Street, 2006.
11. German Theater,by William Grange, 2006.
12. African American Cinema,by S. Torriano Berry and Venise Berry,
2006.
13. Sacred Music,by Joseph P. Swain, 2006.
14. Russian Theater, by Laurence Senelick, 2007.
15. French Cinema,by Dayna Oscherwitz and MaryEllen Higgins,
2007.
16. Postmodernist Literature and Theater, by Fran Mason, 2007.
17. Irish Cinema,by Roderick Flynn and Pat Brereton, 2007.
18. Australian Radio and Television,by Albert Moran and
Chris Keating, 2007.
19. Polish Cinema, by Marek Haltof, 2007.
20. Old Time Radio, by Robert C. Reinehr and Jon D. Swartz, 2008.
21. Renaissance Art, by Lilian H. Zirpolo, 2008.
22. Broadway Musical, by William A. Everett and Paul R. Laird, 2008.
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Historical Dictionary
of Renaissance Art
Lilian H. Zirpolo
Historical Dictionaries of
Literature and the Arts, No. 21
The Scarecrow Press, Inc.
Lanham, Maryland • Toronto • Plymouth, UK
2008
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SCARECROWPRESS, INC.
Published in the United States of America
by Scarecrow Press, Inc.
Awholly owned subsidiary of
The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc.
4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706
www.scarecrowpress.com
Estover Road
Plymouth PL6 7PY
United Kingdom
Copyright ©2008 by Lilian H. Zirpolo
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission
of the publisher.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Zirpolo, Lilian H.
Historical dictionary of Renaissance art / Lilian H. Zirpolo.
p. cm. — (Historical dictionaries of literature and the arts ; no. 21)
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN-13: 978-0-8108-5800-8 (hardback : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-8108-5800-2 (hardback : alk. paper)
1. Art, Renaissance—Dictionaries. 2. Artists—Biography—Dictionaries.
I. Title.
N6370.Z57 2008
709.02'403—dc22
2007022350
(cid:2)™
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of
American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper
for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992.
Manufactured in the United States of America.
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For Evan and Ella
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Contents
Editor’s Foreword Jon Woronoff ix
Preface xi
Acronyms and Abbreviations xiii
Chronology xv
Introduction xlv
THE DICTIONARY 1
Bibliography 463
About the Author 517
vii
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Editor’s Foreword
The subseries on visual art in the series Historical Dictionaries of Liter-
ature and the Arts starts off auspiciously with this volume on what is
probably the most important and best-known—and also most popular—
period of Western art. It was, as its name denotes, a period of rebirth,
reaching back to models dating from antiquity, but also a period of
nearly frantic innovation and creativity that affected, among other things,
painting, sculpture, and architecture. It was dominated by the towering
figures of Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Titian. And it
left an incredible artistic heritage, including, among so many other ex-
amples that most people have seen in one way or another, the Mona Lisa,
the Sistine ceiling, and the statue of David, to say nothing of the Cathe-
dral of Florence and other notable buildings. Although this period, which
stretched roughly from 1250 to 1648, now lies several centuries back in
our history, its imposing influence can still be felt today.
This makes Historical Dictionary of Renaissance Art particularly
welcome, for it provides an abundance of useful information, starting
with a chronology that traces the major events over some four centuries.
The introduction then offers an overview of the period and its achieve-
ments. But the dictionary section, which readers will probably wish to
peruse more than just once, is the core of the work, with literally hun-
dreds of entries on significant painters, sculptors, architects, and a var-
ied cast of patrons, from emperors and kings on down to the not-so-
fortunate middle and lower classes. There are also entries on major
themes, techniques, and technical terms, to say nothing of those selec-
tions that describe outstanding works of art. Admittedly, there are rela-
tively few illustrations, but otherwise it would never have been possible
to include so much information on so many people and works—not just
those with whom we are already familiar but also lesser lights who
sometimes go unnoticed in the illustrated works but without whom the
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